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Divergent contributions of spring and autumn photosynthetic phenology to seasonal carbon uptake of subtropical vegetation in china

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2024年第7期34卷 1280-1296页

作者： PENG Ying LI Peng ZHOU Xiaolu LUO Yunpeng ZHANG cicheng WANG Longjun LI Tong PENG changhui School of Geographic sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Department for Biogeochemical Integration Max-Planck-Institute for BiogeochemistryJena07745Germany Department of Biology sciences Institute of Environment SciencesUniversity of Quebec at MontrealC.P.8888Succ.Centre-VilleMontrealH3C 3P8Canada

Phenological changes play a central role in regulating seasonal variation in the ecological processes,exerting significant impacts on hydrologic and nutrient cycles,and ultimately influencing ecosystem functioning such as carbon ***,the potential impact mechanisms of phenological events on seasonal carbon dynamics in subtropical regions are *** knowledge gaps hinder from accurately linking photosynthetic phenology and carbon sequestration *** chlorophyll fluorescence remote sensing and productivity data from 2000 to 2019,we found that an advancement in spring phenology increased spring gross(GPP)and net primary productivity(NPP)in subtropical vegetation of china by 2.1 gc m^(-2)yr^(-1)and 1.4 gc m^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively.A delay in autumn phenology increased the autumnal GPP and NPP by 0.4 gc m^(-2)yr^(-1)and 0.2 gc m^(-2)yr^(-1),***,the contribution of the spring phenology to spring carbon uptake increased significantly during the study period,while this positive contribution showed a nonsignificant trend in *** comparison,the later autumn phenology could significantly contribute to the increase in autumnal carbon uptake;however,this contributing effect was *** analysis indicated that these phenomena have been caused by the increased leaf area and enhanced photosynthesis due to earlier spring and later autumn phenology,*** results demonstrate the diverse impacts of vegetation phenology on the seasonal carbon sequestration ability and it is imperative to consider such asymmetric effects when modeling ecosystem processes parameterized under future climate change.

关键词： subtropics vegetation phenology remote sensing carbon cycle climate change

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Witness for resolution: post-conflict quadratic affiliation in semi-free ranging pigs

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current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 233-243页

作者： Ivan Norscia Edoardo collarini carlo Robino Elena chierto Giada cordoni Department of Life sciences and Systems Biology University of TorinoVia Accademia Albertina 1310123 TorinoItaly Department of Public Health sciences and Pediatric s University of TorinoC.So Galileo Galilei 2210126 TorinoItaly

In social mammals,post-conflict resolution can involve the reunion of former opponents(reconciliation),spontaneous/solicited post-conflict affliation of a third party with either opponent(triadic contacts),and affiliation between other individuals(hereafter bystanders;quadratic contacts).Quadratic contacts-possibly informing complex cognitive abilities-have been neglected in post-conflict *** investi-gated quadratic affliation in semi-free ranging pigs Sus scrofa,at the ethical farm Parva-Domus(cavagnolo,Italy).Kinship was *** collected behavioral data on adult pigs(n=104)via video recordings(43 h)followed by video *** and anxiety behaviors between bystanders were collected under post-conflict(Pc;following a conflict between non-bystanders)and matched-control(Mc;no conflict)*** affiliation was present in pigs,as bystanders affliated more in Pc than Mc,and such affiliation was followed by a decrease in the anxiety behaviors of both the interacting ***,quadratic contacts may be partly aimed at reducing one's own anxiety(intrinsic regulation).Quadratic affiliation was highest between closely related bystanders,which suggests that such affiliation may be most effective when close kin is *** affiliation was lowest after reconciliation and spontaneous triadic *** suggests that direct peacemaking between opponents and spontaneous triadic contacts with close kin may most likely replace quadratic ***,pigs can be influenced by the negative events that affect other pigs-but not themselves-and their response may be modulated by social *** non-random quadratic affiliation may point toward the presence of elements of social appraisal abilities inpigs.

关键词： anxiety reduction emotional regulation reconciliation social appraisal triadic contacts.

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New findings on the influence of El Ni?o events on tropical cyclone formation

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 892-893页

作者： Liguang WU Fudan University Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences Institute of Atmospheric sciences

Tropical cyclones typically form over warm tropical and subtropical ocean surfaces, as their formation and intensification rely primarily on the energy provided by the ocean. Pioneering research by Gray (1968) revealed that the formation of tropical cyclones requires the sea surface temperature (SST) to be no less than 26.5°c. consequently, SST is commonly recognized as a crucial parameter among the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone formation(Gray, 1979; Emanuel and Nolan, 2004).

关键词： INDEX

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Rational Solutions of First Order Algebraic Ordinary Differential Equations

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Journal of Systems Science & complexity 2024年第2期37卷 567-580页

作者： FENG Shuang SHEN Liyong School of Physical and Mathematical sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Mathematical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Let f(t,y,y')=∑ _(i=0)^(n )a_(i)(t,y)y'^(i)=0 be an irreducible first order ordinary differential equation with polynomial *** in 1998 proved that there exists a constant c such that every rational solution of f(t,y,y')=0 is of degree not greater than *** show that this degree bound c depends not only on the degrees of f in t,y,y' but also on the coefficients of f viewed as the polynomial in t,y,y'.In this paper,the authors show that if f satisfies deg(f,y)0,then the degree bound c only depends on the degrees of f in t,y,y',and furthermore we present an explicit expression for c in terms of the degrees of f in t,y,y'.

关键词： Degree bound first order AODE height rational solution

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A Disulfide-Based Poly(ether-b-amide)copolymer with Rapid Self-healing Ability under Moderate conditions

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chinese Journal of chemistry 2024年第9期42卷 943-950页

作者： Weijan Lu ping Zhu Ying Zhao Dujin Wang Xia Dong Institute of chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Schoolof chemical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

comprehensive Summary A disulfide-based poly(ether-b-amide)copolymer with rapid self-healing capability under moderate conditions was synthesized from 4,4’-dithiodibutyric acid(DTDBA),isophorondiamine(IPDA)and poly(tetramethylene oxide)(PTMO)based on a two-step *** incorporation of IPDA with asymmetric structure and substantial steric hindrance not only effectively decreased the number of regular H-bonds,but also inhibited the crystallization of polyamide segments,imparting the synthesized poly(ether-b-amide)copolymer with an amorphous structural *** on the coordination of segmental diffusion and recombination of disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds,the scratches and damaged mechanical properties of PEBADS-I611 could be completely self-healed after healing at 40°c for only 11 min and 3 h,respectively.

关键词： Poly(ether-b-amide)copolymer Disulfide bonds Hydrogen bonds Polycondensation Smart polymers Self-healing

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A new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization in the Hengduan Mountains Region

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 751-768页

作者： Xueqin ZHANG Xiaoming XU Xiang LI Peng cUI Du ZHENG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China china-Pakistan Joint Research center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The Hengduan Mountains Region(HMR) is essential for the future ecological protection, clean energy production,Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang railways, and other major infrastructure projects in china. The distributions of climate and vegetation exhibit significant regional differentiation and vertical zonality due to the rugged longitudinal ranges and gorges and the complex disaster-prone environments in HMR. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the climate-vegetation regionalization in HMR to effectively satisfy the national requirements such as agricultural production and ecological protection, mountain disaster risk prevention, and major project construction. We here develop a new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization with the latest demarcation outcome of HMR, the ground observation from 122 meteorological stations in HMR and its surrounding areas during 1990–2019, and the high-precision remote sensing data of land cover types. The new scheme first constructs the regionalization index system, fully considering the extraordinarily complicated geomorphic pattern of mountains and valleys, the scarcity of meteorological observations, and the remarkable differentiation of climate and vegetation in HMR. The system consists of three primary regionalization indices(i.e., days with daily average temperature steady above 10°c, aridity index, and main vegetation types, dividing the temperature zones, moisture regions, and vegetation subregions, respectively) and three auxiliary indices of the accumulated temperature above 10°c, and the temperatures in January and July. Then, the HMR is divided into five temperature zones, 20 moisture regions, and 55 vegetation subregions. compared with previous regionalization schemes, the new scheme optimizes the climate spatial interpolation model of thin plate smoothing spline suitable for the unique terrain in HMR. Moreover, the disputed division index threshold between different climatic zones(regions) is scientifically clarifi

关键词： climate-vegetation regionalization Thin plate smoothing spline(TPSS) GeoDetector Stepwise downscaling pane division method Hengduan Mountains Region

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The wheat sucrose synthase gene TaSus1 is a determinant of grain number per spike

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The crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 295-300页

作者： Liping Shen Lili Zhang changbin Yin Xiaowan Xu Yangyang Liu Kuocheng Shen He Wu Zhiwen Sun Ke Wang Zhonghu He Xueyong Zhang chenyang Hao Jian Hou Aoyue Bi Xuebo Zhao Daxing Xu Botao Ye Xuchang Yu Ziying Wang Danni Liu Yuanfeng Hao Fei Lu Zifeng Guo Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China china National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Plant cell and chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of crop sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China International Maize and Wheat Improvement center(cIMMYT)china Office c/o CAASBeijing 100081China cAS-JIc centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science(cEPAMS) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Some haplotypes of the sucrose synthase gene TaSus1 are associated with thousand-grain weight(TGW)in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,no mutations have been identified within the gene to test this *** effects of TaSus1 on grain number per spike(GNS)also are largely *** previous genome-wide association study identified TaSus-A1 as a candidate gene controlling fertile spikelet number per spike(FSN).In the present study,we generated two independent mutants for the three TaSus1 homoeologs by cRISPR/cas9-mediated genome *** triple mutants displayed lower FSN,GNS,grain number per spikelet(GNST),and TGW than wild-type *** 306 hexaploid wheat accessions,two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TaSus-A1 contributed differently to *** of the two alleles into a wheat genetic background confirmed their *** alleles differed in geographical distribution among the accessions.

关键词： Domestication selection Fertile spikelet number per spike(FSN) Geographical differentiation Grain number per spike(GNS) TaSus1

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c_(Ar)-Br bond cleavage via cooperative EnT/NHc catalysis: mild access to indolines

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Science china chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 922-927页

作者： Yi-Xiong Dong cao-Bo Li Ming-Lei Jin Zhong-Hua Gao Song Ye Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The cooperative visible-light mediated and NHc-catalyzed dearomative arylation-acylation of N-(2-bromobenzoyl)indoles with aldehydes was developed, affording the corresponding highly functionalized polycyclic indolines in moderate to good yields with exclusive diastereoselectivities. Mechanism investigations support the activation of cAr-Br bond via visible-light mediated energy transfer(EnT) and the following single-electron-transfer(SET) with Breslow intermediate under NHc catalysis to give key aryl radical and ketyl radical. This protocol demonstrates the cleavage of cAr-Br bond under mild cooperative EnT/NHc catalysis.

关键词： energy transfer N-heterocyclic carbenes photocatalysis aryl radicals indolines

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A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi cHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU John WILSON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit climate change

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Rediscovery of numerical Lüscher's formula from the neural network

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chinese Physics c 2024年第7期48卷 38-44页

作者：陆宇王一佳陈莹吴佳俊 School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We present that by predicting the spectrum in discrete space from the phase shift in continuous space,the neural network can remarkably reproduce the numerical Lüscher's formula to a high *** model-independent property of the Lüscher's formula is naturally realized by the generalizability of the neural *** exhibits the great potential of the neural network to extract model-independent relation between model-dependent quantities,and this data-driven approach could greatly facilitate the discovery of the physical principles underneath the intricate data.

关键词： Luescher's formula neural network finite volume effects LQcD

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