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mineralogical Characteristics and Short-wave Infrared Spectra of Chlorite as Indicators of Hydrothermal Centers: A Case Study of the Giant Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit at Qulong, tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第2期96卷 490-505页

作者： TANG Nan QIN Zhipeng LI Yubin DUO Ji RAN Fengqin DAI Jingjing College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China tibet Institute of Geological Survey Lhasa 850000China tibet University Lhasa 850000China tibet autonomous region geology and mineral Exploration and Development bureau Lhasa 850000China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesCAGSBeijing 100037China

The Qulong deposit in tibet is one of the largest porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in China. We used short-wave infrared(SWIR) spectroscopy to examine the spectral characteristics of the extensively developed chlorite in this deposit. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses were used for phase identification and to obtain the chemical composition, ion substitution relationships, and formation environment of the chlorite. SWIR spectral parameters were applied to detect the hydrothermal centers. The results indicate that the wavelength of the absorption feature for Qulong chlorite Fe-OH(Pos2250) range from 2240 to 2268.4 nm;the chlorite substitution relationships are dominated by Mg-Fe substitution at the octahedral sites together with Al;-Si substitution at the tetrahedral sites;the chlorite formation temperatures range within the medium-low temperature hydrothermal alteration range from 164 to 281°C, with an average value of 264℃;the wavelength of the chlorite peak position for Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption and its chemical composition are positively correlated with Al^(Ⅵ), Fe + Al^(Ⅵ), Fe/(Fe + Mg), Fe, and Fe + Al^(Ⅳ)but negatively correlated with Mg and Mg/(Fe + Mg);and the wavelength associated with the chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature is positively correlated with the temperature at which the chlorite formed. These correlations indicate that more Fe and Al^(Ⅵ) ions and fewer Mg ions at the octahedral sites of chlorite lead to a longer the wavelength of the chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature and a higher chlorite formation temperature. The wavelength of the Qulong chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature(>2252 nm) can thus serve as an exploration indicator to guide the detection of hydrothermal centers in porphyry copper deposits. The results of the study indicate that the mineralogical and SWIR spectral characteristics of chlorite are significant indicators for locating hydrothermal centers within porphyry deposits.

关键词： chlorite short-wave infrared(SWIR)spectroscopy porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit Qulong

Geochemistry of the Baishitouquan Amazonite-and Topaz-bearing Granite in the Mid-Tianshan Belt, Xinjiang, China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 1994年第4期13卷 289-304页

作者：顾连兴杨浩苟晓琴郭继春王金珠 Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Geological Brigade No.6 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Baishitouopan amaznito and topazbearing granite is one of the typical high-rubidium andhigh-fluorine granites in the eastern paft of the Mid-Tianshan belt. This intrusion is in sharp contactwith Mid-Proterozoic schists, gneisses and marbles, and is compond of four zones transihonal fromthe bottom upwards: leucogranite, amazonite granite, topaz-bearing amazonite granite and topazquartz *** Baishitouquan granite contains highly ordered K-feldspar, Li-rich mica, Mn-rich gamet,a-quartz and low-temerature rircon and is chemically high in Si, K, Na, Al, Li, Rb, Cs and F,and low in Ti, Fe, Ch, Mg, P, Ch, Ni, Cr, V, Sr and Ba, with Na2O>K2O. Amazonite fromthe amazonite granite zone contains 1867 ppm Rb. The F contents of bulk rocks are 3040 and4597 for the amazonite granite and topazbearing amazonite granite zones, respectivel. These twozones have δ18O values of 8.97 - 9.85%, (SMOW) and show flat REE distribution patterns withstrong Eu depletion. KAr and Rb-Sr ages of this intrusion are 226. 6 Ma and 209. 6 Marespectively, with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.987±*** Baishitouquan granite is the product of crystallization of a lowtemperature, and wther,rubidium. and fluorine-rich magma , which may have been derived from partial melting ofmuscoviterich crustal rocks. Consolidation of this granite involved two contrasting and successivestagst melt crystallization and hydrothermal metasomasm and pforitation. Various geological features of this granite were formed during the transition from the magmatic to the hydrothermal stage.

关键词：绿长石黄玉花岗岩铷氟新疆天山地区地球化学氧同位素锶同位素

Discovery of Ophiolitic Mélange in the North region of Geji County, Northwest tibet and Its Zircon U-Pb Age

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第5期92卷 2032-2033页

作者： LI Baolong SONG Yang PENG Bo GONG Fuzhi YANG Shaoge ZHOU Lei MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and mineral Resource Assessment Institute of Mineral Resources China Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 10003 7 China No.2 Geological Party Tibet Autonomous Region Geological and Development Bureau Lhasa 850000 China Geochemistry Exploration Brigade of Sichuan bureau of Exploration and Development of geology and minerals resources Deyang 618000 Sichuan China

Objective The Bangong Co–Nujiang River suture zone is the great boundary between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes in the tibetan Plateau.A series of major scientific issues are still controversial at present such as ... 详细信息

关键词： Pb SHRIMP Co lange in the North region of Geji County Discovery of Ophiolitic M Northwest tibet and Its Zircon U-Pb Age

Sedimentary Evolution of the Qinghai-tibet Plateau in Cenozoic and its Response to the Uplift of the Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 555-575页

作者： ZHANG Kexin WANG Guocan XU Yadong LUO Mansheng JI Junliang XIAO Guoqiao WANG An SONG Bowen LIANG Yinpin JIANG Shangsong CAO Kai CHEN Fenning CHEN Ruiming YANG Yongfeng Key Laboratory of Biological and Environmental geology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faulty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral resources China University of Geosciences Xi'an Institute of geology and minerals resources region of Shaanxi bureau of geology and mineral resources and mineral Research

We have studied the evolution of the tectonic lithofacies paleogeography of Paleocene- Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Qinghai-tibet Plateau by compiling data regarding the type, tectonic setting, and iithostratigraphic sequence of 98 remnant basins in the plateau area. Our results can be summarized as follows. （1） The Paleocene to Eocene is characterized by uplift and erosion in the Songpan-Garze and Gangdise belts, depression （lakes and pluvial plains） in eastern Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil, and the Neo-Tethys Sea in the western and southern Qinghai-tibet Plateau. （2） The Oligocene is characterized by uplift in the Gangdise--Himalaya and Karakorum regions （marked by the absence of sedimentation）, fluvial transport （originating eastward and flowing westward） in the Brahmaputra region （marked by the deposition of Dazhuka conglomerate）, uplift and erosion in western Kunlun and Songpan-Garze, and depression （lakes） in the Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. The Oligocene is further characterized by depressional littoral and neritic basins in southwestern Tarim, with marine facies deposition ceasing at the end of the Oligocene. （3） For the Miocene, a widespread regional unconformity （ca. 23 Ma） in and adjacent to the plateau indicates comprehensive uplift of the plateau. This period is characterized by depressions （lakes） in the Tarim, Qaidam, Xining-Nanzhou, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. Lacustrine facies deposition expanded to peak in and adjacent to the plateau ca. 18-13 Ma, and north-south fault basins formed in southern tibet ca. 13-10 Ma. All of these features indicate that the plateau uplifted to its peak and began to collapse. （4） Uplift and erosion occurred during the Pliocene in most parts of the plateau, except in the Hoh Xil-Qiangtang, Tarim, and Qaidam. The continuous uplift and intensive taphrogeny in the plateau divided the original large basin into small basins, deposition of lacustrine facies decreased considerably, and boulderst

关键词： lithofacies paleogeography depositional evolution uplift event Cenozoic Qinghai-tibet Plateau

Upwelling Process of the Western Himalaya Mountains:Height and Velocity Estimation Evidenced by Formation and Evolution of the Zanda Basin,tibet,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第2期84卷 280-295页

作者： ZHU Dagang MENG Xian＇ gang SHAO Zhaogang YANG Chaobin HAN Jian＇en YU Jia MENG Qingwei Lü Rongping Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement ＆ Geohazard Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing 100081 China bureau of Land and resources Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa Tibet 850000 China

Based on field geological survey, stratigraphic section measurement and indoor comprehensive investigation, the Zanda Basin＇s tectonic location in the Himalaya Plate was ascertained, and the formation and evolution of the Zanda Basin during the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as six stages：（a） primary rift-faulting stage, （b） quick rift-faulting Stage, （c） intensive rift-faulting stage, （d） stasis stage, （e） secondary rift-faulting stage, and （f） secondary quick rift-faulting stage. Based on this six-staged formation-evolution theory of the Zanda Basin, the upwelling process of the Western Himalaya Mountains from the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as the following five stages：（a） slow upwelling stage （5.4-4.4 Ma）, （b） mid-velocity upwelling stage （4.4-3.5 Ma）, （c） quick upwelling stage （3.5-3.2 Ma）, （d） upwelling-ceasing stage （3.2-2.7 Ma）, and （e） quick upwelling stage （2.7 Ma）. Research has shown that in the duration from the Early Pliocene （4.7 Ma） to the End of Pliocene （2.67 Ma）, which lasted 2.03 million years, the Himalaya Mountains had uplifted 1500 m at a velocity of 0.74 mm/a; this belongs to a mid-velocity upwening. During the 1.31 million years in the Early Stage of the Early Pleistocene, the Himalaya Mountains had risen up another 1500 m at a velocity of 1.15 mm/a; this is a rather quick upwelling. All of these data have shown that the upwelling of the Western Himalaya Mountains is along a complicated process with multi-stages, multi-velocities, and non-uniformitarian features.

关键词： Zanda Basin Pliocene to Early Pleistocene basin evolution mountain upwelling Western Himalaya Mountains.

A new type of micro-disseminated gold deposits in association with diabase found in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region——Their geological characteristics and metallogenic conditions

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2012年第4期31卷 449-456页

作者： LI Zhuyun LAN Tianlong RAN Ruide CHENG Guofan No. 105 Geological Team Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Guiyang 550018 China No. 103 Geological Team Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Tongren 554300 China Guizhou Provincial geology and mineral resources Exploration and Development Corporation Guiyang 550004 China

With the continuous development of gold ore prospecting and exploration in recent years a new type of micro-disseminated gold deposits have been found in the regions of Southwest Guizhou Province and Northwest Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region,with the orebodies directly occurring in diabase or in the contact zone between diabase and *** orebodies are strictly controlled by fault *** discovery of this type of gold deposits has brought about new prospects for gold ore prospecting in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Golden Triangle *** the preliminary analysis of the geological characteristics of the Qiaoxiang gold deposit in Wangmo County,in combination with the results of research work in the adjacent areas in recent years,this paper roughly described the geological characteristics and metallogenic conditions of this type of gold ore deposits with an attempt to make more and more geologists pay enough attention to this type of gold ore deposits,so as to promote gold ore prospecting in Guizhou Province to develop toward a variety of types of gold deposits in all round way.

关键词：微细浸染型金矿床广西壮族自治区成矿地质条件地质特征辉绿岩贵州省类型云南

Reconstruction of the Triassic Tectonic Lithofacies Paleogeography in Qiangtang region, Northern Qinghai-tibet Plateau, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 378-394页

作者： ZHU Tongxing FENG Xintao WANG Xiaofei ZHOU Mingkui Chengdu Institute of geology and mineral resources

The Triassic petrostratigraphic system and chronologic stratigraphic sketch have been updated and perfected in the Qiangtang area, Qinghai-tibet Plateau based on the integrated 1：250000 regional geological survey and the latest research progeny. The first finished 1：3000000 Triassic tectonic lithofacies paleogeographic maps in the Qiangtang area shows that the Triassic tectonic unit in the Qiangtang area can been divided into three parts from north to south： northern Qiangtang block; Longmucuo-Shuanghu suture zone; and southern Qiangtang block. The early-middle Triassic tectonic paleogeography in the Qiangtang area is divides into three sub- units： northern Qiangtang passive continental marginal basin （NQPB）, Longmucuo- Shuanghu residual basin （LSRB） and southern Qiangtang residual basin （SQRB）. The NQPB can be subdivided into four paleogeography units： The Tanggula-Zangxiahe shallow and bathyal sea; The Wangquanhe- Yingshuiquan carbonate platform; The Rejuechaka-Jiangaidarina littoral- shallow sea; and Qiangtang central uplift. The above units of The NQPB possess EW trend, geomorphology high in the south and low in the north, the seawater depth northward. The basinal paleo-current direction is unidirectional, and basinal tectonic subsidence center is in accord with the depo-center, located in the Tanggula-Zangxiahe belt, north of the basin. The sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the NQPB are characterized with passive continental marginal basin. The Qiangtang central orogenic denuded area （ancient land） may be as a sedimentary materials source of the NQPB. SQRB can be divided into two units： Duoma carbonate platform and southern Qiangtang neritic-deep sea. The late Triassic tectonic paleogeography in the Qiangtang area is the framework of the ＂archipelagic-sea＂ as a whole, and it may be divided into three sub-units： northern Qiangtang back- arc foreland basin（NQFB）, Longmucuo-Shuanghu residual basin（LSRB） and southern Qiangtang marginal-sea basin（SQMB）. Ther

关键词： Triassic sedimentary facies tectonic paleogeography Qiangtang region Qinghai-tibet

Attenuation of arsenic in a karst subterranean stream and correlation with geochemical factors: A case study at Lihu,South China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2222-2230页

作者： Liankai Zhang Hui Yang Jiansheng Tang Xiaoqun Qin Au Yik Yu Institute of Karst geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Karst Dynamics Laboratory Ministry of Land and Resources and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Arsenic （As） pollutants generated by human activities in karst areas flow into subterranean streams and contaminate groundwater easily because of the unique hydrogeological characteristics of karst areas. To elucidate the reaction mechanisms of arsenic in karst subterranean streams, physical-chemical analysis was conducted by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that inorganic species account for most of the total arsenic, whereas organic arsenic is not detected or occurs in infinitesimal amounts. As（III） accounts for 51.0% ± 9.9% of the total inorganic arsenic. Arsenic attenuation occurs and the attenuation rates of total As, As（III） and As（V） in the Lihu subterranean stream are 51%, 36% and 59%, respectively. To fully explain the main geochemical factors influencing arsenic attenuation, SPSS 13.0 and CANOCO 4.5 bundled with CanoDraw for Windows were used for simple statistical analysis and redundancy analysis （RDA）. Eight main factors, i.e., sediment iron （SFe）, sediment aluminum （SAI）, sediment calcium （SCa）, sediment organic matter （SOM）, sediment manganese （SMn）, water calcium （WCa^2＋）, water magnesium （WMg^2＋）, and water bicarbonate ion （WILCOX） were extracted from thirteen indicators. Their impacts on arsenic content rank as： SFe〉SCa〉WCa^2＋〉SAl〉wHCO3^-〉SMn〉SOM〉WMg^2＋. Of these factors, SFe, SAl, SCa, SOM, SMn, WMg^2＋ and WCa＆2＋ promote arsenic attenuation, whereas WHCO3^- inhibits it. Further investigation revealed that the redox potential （Eh） and pH are adverse to arsenic removal. The dramatic distinction between karst and non-karst terrain is that calcium and bicarbonate are the primary factors influencing arsenic migration in karst areas due to the high calcium concentration and alkalinity of karst water.

关键词： Karst subterranean stream Sediment Arsenic Geochemical factors Redundancy analysis

Characteristics of shallow geothermal fields in major cities of tibet autonomous region

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 77-85页

作者： YANG Hai-jun DONG Jian-xing SUN Dong HUANG Rui Chengdu Hydrogeology and Engineering geology Center Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources

Based on the project titled "Investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in major cities of tibet autonomous region", the distribution characteristics and occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal fields in these cities were introduced in this paper. To this end, relevant data in Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi Cities through vertical thermometry was a focus, so as to analyze groundwater temperature and the distribution law of strata with constant temperature. Then through comprehensive comparisons and analysis of the relationship between groundwater temperature and climate, differences in this aspect of Nagqu City were taken as a typical case to clarify formation of geothermal field and corresponding influence on groundwater temperature, furthermore providing basic data for rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in tibet autonomous region.

关键词： Shallow geothermal field Groundwater temperature Climate Vertical thermometry Stratum of constant temperature