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Reactions of Maruca resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 742-753页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni Oumar Traoré Laboratoire National de Bioscurit Agence Nationale de Bioscurit (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et recherches Agricoles Dpartement Productions Vgtales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire detudes et de recherches sur les ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de lEnvironnement (LERNSE) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de gntique et Amlioration des Plantes (LAgAMEP) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Protection et Dfense des Cultures (LAPROdeC) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

关键词： Cowpea Cry1Ab Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus Environmental Safety

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The Dual of the Two-Variable Exponent Amalgam Spaces (L^q(),l^p())(Ω)

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第2期12卷 383-431页

作者： Sambourou Massinanke Sékou Coulibaly Mamadou Traore departement d’etudes et de recherches de Mathématiques et d’Informatique Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technolo-gies de Bamako Bamako Mali

Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of Wiener. In this paper: we first introduce a two-variable exponent amalgam space (Lq(),lp())(Ω). Secondly, we investigate some basic properties of these spaces, and finally, we study their dual.

关键词： Amalgam Spaces Variable Exponent Lebesgue Spaces Dual of a Vector Space

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Velocity Form Calculations of generalized Oscillator Strengths for 3s→ (3p, 4p, 5p, 6p) Dipole Transitions of Atomic Sodium in debye Plasma

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1512-1529页

作者： Louis gomis Clement Diatta Moustapha Sadibou Tall Ibrahima gueye Faye Rama gomis Yande Diouf Mamadou Coulibaly Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas et de recherches Interdisciplinaires Departement de Physique Universite Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

In this paper, the generalized oscillator strengths (gOSs) of excitations of atomic sodium from ground state to 2p63s0 (3p, 4p, 5p, 6p) states, immersed in debye plasma, were calculated by using wavefunctions which were obtained numerically from the restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) equation. This RHF equation employs the local density approach for exchange interactions including plasma debye screening. Theoretical RHF and random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE) velocity calculations have shown that the gOSs for excitations to 3 s0(3 p,4 p,5 p,6 p)depend on the plasma debye screening effects, as shown by the reduction in the gOS amplitude with decreasing debye length λD. The agreement between the present RPAE V results for the transitions 3 s→3 s0(3 p,4 p,5 p)and the length calculations of Martínez-Flores was satisfactory. Correlation effects were found quite to be significant in the vicinity of the maxima of the gOS of the 3 s→3 s0(4 p,5 p,6 p)excitations by using the RPAE V approach. We note the poor influence of many electron correlations on the gOS of (3 s→3 p)transition with the same principal quantum number. Finally, we comment that the RPAE V calculations are useful in investigating electron correlation effects on the transition gOS of atomic sodium planted in debye plasma. The present velocity results also reveal that the 3 s→3 s0(5p, 6p)transition gOSs tend to be delocalized due to more significant screening effects at debye lengths λD=20and 30 a.u. for excited subshells 5p and 6p, respectively. We report here novel results of gOS for 3 s→3 s06ptransition obtained from different debye lengths.

关键词： Plasma Screening Effect Correlation Effect Sodium Atomic Velocity Form gOS restricted Hatree-Fock Random Phase Approximation with Exchange

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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana Laboratoire d’etudes et de recherches sur les ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’etudes en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine Methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

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Technical-Economic Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of COBB500 Broilers Fed Rations Incorporating Mango By-Product Feeds in Ivory Coast (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Timbilfou Kiendrébéogo Alidjata Traoré etienne Sodre Drissa Barry Isidor Ouedraogo Marcelle grace Koidja Vianney Tarpaga Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Recherches en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’etude des ressources Naturelles et des Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie (ED-SNA) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (UCAO) Section du Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Direction Régionale de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques de l’Est Fada Burkina Faso

The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED10 for a batch of 83 birds, ED20 (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCD (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the ED10, ED20 and CCD rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCD ration were significantly higher than those of the ED10 and ED20 (p 0.05). ADgs were significantly different and decreasing from CCD, ED20 to ED10 (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for ED20 and CCD were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for ED10 (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of ED20 had reached and exceeded that of CCD by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, ED20 to ED10 (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of ED20 and CCD rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of ED10 ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCD, ED20 and ED10 (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCD ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the ED20 and ED10 rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production tha

关键词： Broiler COOB 500 Chickens Mango Feed Carcass Characteristics Tengrela Ivory Coast

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genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： Mathurin Tiergnin Dabiré minimassom Philippe Nikiéma Djibril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim Josué gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré Joseph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia Stewart Jan B. Middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama J. Hingane Unit de Formation et de recherches en Sciences et Technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led growth bureau for resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (LD50) corresponding to 230 gy and 220 gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local varieties, respectively. Dried seeds (M0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. M1 seeds were advanced to generate M2, M3 and M4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. M4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. Data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in Moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants and six clusters among Moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of Moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea Mutagenesis gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping

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Regional Climate Models in the Simulation of the Drought of the 1970’s and 1980’s Years in Senegal (In West Africa)

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Journal of Water resource and Protection 2024年第9期16卷 585-604页

作者： Mamadou Sarr Adoum Mahamat Moussa Malick Wade El Hadji deme Bouya Diop Laboratoire des Sciences de lAtmosphre et des Ocans Matriaux-Energies-Dispositifs (LSAO-MED) Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sngal Ecole Nationale Suprieur des TIC (ENASTIC) NDjamena Tchad Laboratoire detudes et de recherches en Statistique et Dveloppement (LERSTAD) Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sngal

West Africa was hit by an unprecedented drought in the 1970’s and 1980’s years, with dramatic consequences for surface and groundwater resources. In the context of climate change, there are many studies for the prediction of the increase in the occurrence of these droughts. To predict this situation in the Senegalese region, it is necessary to use regional climate models, which carrying out the study. This work deals with the interest to examine the capacity of the RCMs (regional climate models) in order to reproduce the deficit on the 1970’s year rainfall in Senegal. In this work, we used daily precipitation data from five (5) regional climate models to characterize the droughts in Senegal by using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) on different time scales (3, 6, 12 and 24 months). For this purpose, the index was calculated over two distinct periods: 1951-1969 and 1970-1990. The results show that the period 1970-1990 was drier than the period 1951-1969. For the zonal average, the results show that the North of Senegal was more affected by this deficit rainfall than the South part. The analysis of the interannual variability of rainfall for some stations in Senegal shows that the drought did not start at the same time throughout the zone.

关键词： Climate Change Drought SPI (Standardised Precipitation Index) Senegal

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National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in gabon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 127-140页

作者： Rolf gaël Mabicka Obame Neil-Yohan Musadji Jean Hervé Mve Beh Lydie-Stella Koutika Jean Aubin Ondo Farrel Nzigou Boucka Michel Mbina Mounguengui Claude geffroy Dé partement de Phytotechnologie Institut National d&#8217Agronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon Dé partement des Sciences Fondamentales de l&#8217Ing&#233nieur Institut National d&#8217Agronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon Institut Agronomiques et Forestiè res Centre National des Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques Libreville Gabon research Centre on the Durability and the Productivity of Industrial Plantations (CRDPI) Pointe Noire Republic of Congo Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences &#201cole Normale Sup&#233rieure Libreville Gabon Agence gabonaise d’ &#201tude et d&#8217Observation Spatiale Immeuble les Arcades Libreville Gabon Dé partement de G&#233ologie Faculte des Sciences Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Maté riaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) Universit&#233 de Poitiers Poitiers France

gabonese’s estuary is an important coastal mangrove setting and soil plays a key role in mangrove carbon storage in mangrove forests. However, the spatial variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage remain unclear. To address this gap, determining the SOC spatial variation in gabonese’s estuarine is essential for better understanding the global carbon cycle. The present study compared soil organic carbon between northern and southern sites in different mangrove forest, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans. The results showed that the mean SOC stocks at 1 m depth were 256.28 ± 127.29 MgC ha−1. Among the different regions, SOC in northern zone was significantly (p p deeper layers contained higher SOC stocks (254.62 ± 128.09 MgC ha−1) than upper layers (55.42 ± 25.37 MgC ha−1). The study highlights that low deforestation rate have led to less CO2 (705.3 Mg CO2e ha−1 - 922.62 Mg CO2e ha−1) emissions than most sediment carbon-rich mangroves in the world. These results highlight the influence of soil texture and mangrove forest types on the mangrove SOC stocks. The first national comparison of soil organic carbon stocks between mangroves and upland tropical forests indicated SOC stocks were two times more in mangroves soils (51.21 ± 45.00 MgC ha−1) than primary (20.33 ± 12.7 MgC ha−1), savanna and cropland (21.71 ± 15.10 MgC ha−1). We find that mangroves in this study emit lower dioxide-carbon equivalent emissions. This study highlights the importance of national inventories of soil organic carbon and can be used as a baseline on the role of mangroves in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation but the variation in SOC stocks indicates the need for further national data.

关键词： Mangroves Forest Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Rizophora Racemose Avicenia germinans gabon

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Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna for Radar Applications

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Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2024年第2期12卷 19-29页

作者： Ronelle Rudaï gochincka gogom Charmolavy goslavy Lionel Nkouka Moukengue Brice Rodrigue Malonda-Boungou Electrical and Electronic Engineering Laboratory ENSP Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo groupe de Simulations Numriques en Magntisme et Catalyse Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Institut National de recherches en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Brazzaville Congo Facult des Sciences Appliques Universit Denis Sassou-Nguesso Kintl Congo

The work in this article focuses on developing and improving the performance of new leaky-wave antenna configurations that can be adapted for use in radar systems. The study focused on the W-band, where we demonstrated the possibility of modifying resonant frequencies and reducing the number of patches required. The antenna was designed using HFSS, based on the finite element method. It we designed enabled us to observe the influence of the number of patches on the radiation pattern, and also to achieve low levels of minor’s lobes. and good directivity at the operating frequency. These patches are arranged in the shape of an inverted T. The interest of this study is to meet the requirements of radar antennas dedicated to detection.

关键词： Leaky-Wave Antenna Microstrip HFSS Radar Applications

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Anthropogenic Threats to degraded Forest Land in the Savannahs’ Region of Togo from 1984 to 2020, West Africa

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Journal of geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 164-179页

作者： Kossi Senyo Ehlui Wouyo Atakpama Henrik von Wehrden Alagie Bah Edinam Kola Christian Anthony-Krueger Hodabalo Egbelou Kokouvi Bruno Kokou Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique et écologie Végétale Département Botanique Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany Center for International Forestry research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés (LARDYMES) Department of Geography FSHS University of Lomé Lome Togo department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Institut Togolais de recherches Agronomiques (ITRA) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de recherches Biogéographiques et d’etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

This study focuses on the landscape dynamics of the savannahs’ region in the far north of Togo. Based on a literature review and satellite images analysis using gIS and remote sensing, the study aims to ascertain the effects of anthropogenic threats on the forest coverage of the Savannahs’ Region between 1984 to 2020. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of land use in the region from 1984 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate a significant decline in forest coverage within the region from 1984 to 2020, a trend attributed to land use patterns. Dry forests in the Savannah region are largely converted to farmlands, housing, dry savannahs or agroforestry parks, leading to a steady reduction in forest areas.

关键词： Forest degradation Land Use Land Cover Savannahs Region Togo

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