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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Implementation of Water Quality Monitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Forest structure and woody plant species composition after a wildfire in beech forests in the north of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 255-262页

作者： Mohammad Naghi Adel Hassan Pourbabaei Ali Omidi Daniel C Dey Facultad de Department of Forestry Natural Resources Faculty University of Guilan Department of Forestry Natural Resources Office USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 202 Natural Resources Building

Beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forest covers about 565,000 ha of land in Guilan province, north of Iran and forms a major carbon pool. It is an important economic, soil protection and recreation resource. We studied long-term effects of fire on the structure and composition 37 years after fire occurrence in these forests. To do this research, we selected 85 ha burned and 85 ha unburned beech forests）. The results indicated that the fire had not changed the overall uneven-aged structure, but it changed forest composition from pure stands to mixed stands that now include species such as Carpinus betulus, Acer cappadocicum and Alnus subcordata. The density of trees and regeneration was significantly increased, while the density of shrubs significantly decreased. The main reasons for increased tree regeneration were attributed to （1） reduction of litter depth, and （2） increase in available light from opening of the canopy and reduction in shrub competition. It is apparent that the forest is on a path to return to its natural state before the fire after 37 years.

关键词： fire structure composition regeneration beech forest Guilan Province

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Assessing the USLE Crop and Management Factor C for Soil Erosion Modeling in a Large Mountainous Watershed in Central China

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 835-845页

作者： Sarah Schnbrodt Patrick Saumer Thorsten Behrens Christoph Seeber Thomas Scholten Institute of Geography Department of Physical Geography and Soil Science University of Tübingen Science Strategy Coordination and Planning Office European Space Agency-ESRIN Center for International Development and Environmental Research Giessen University

Due to the impoundment of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam in China fosters high land-use dynamics. Soil erosion is expected to increase dramatically. One of the key factors in soil erosion control is the vegetation cover and crop type. However, determining these factors adequately for the use in soil erosion modeling is very time-consuming especially for large mountainous areas, such as the Xiangxi （香溪） catchment in the Three Gorges area. In our study, the crop and management factor C was calculated using the fractional vegetation cover （CFvc） based on Landsat-TM images from 2005, 2006, and 2007 and on literature studies （CLIT）. In 2007, the values of CFvc range between 0.001 and 0.98 in the Xiangxi catchment. The mean CFVC value is 0.05. CLIT values are distinctly higher, ranging from 0.08 to 0.46 with a mean value of 0.32 in the Xiangxi catchment. The mean potential soil loss amounts to 120.62 t/ha/a in the Xiangxi catchment when using CLIT for modeling. Based on CFVC, the predicted mean soil loss in the Xiangxi catchment is 11.50 t/ha/a. Therefore, CLIT appears to bemore reliable than the C factor based on the fractional vegetation cover.

关键词： C factor soil erosion modeling Universal Soil Loss Equation fractional vegetation cover Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River.

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Dynamic thermal performance and energy-saving potential analysis of a modular pipe-embedded building envelope integrated with thermal diffusive materials

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building Simulation 2023年第12期16卷 2285-2305页

作者： Yang Yang Sarula Chen College of Architecture and Art Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China College of Architecture and Urban planning Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China State Key Laboratory of Green building in Western China Xi'an 710055China

In the context of racing to carbon neutrality,the pipe-embedded building system makes the opaque envelopes gradually regarded as the multi-functional element,which also provides an opportunity for thermal insulation solutions to transform from high to zero-carbon *** on the re-examination of the heat transfer process of conventional pipe-embedded radiant(CPR)walls,the modular pipe-embedded radiant(MPR)wall integrated with thermal diffusive materials is proposed to enhance the heat transfer capacity of CPR walls in the direction parallel to the wall surface,thereby forming a more stable and continuous invisible thermal barrier layer inside the opaque envelopes.A comprehensive thermal and energy-saving analysis study regarding the influence mechanism of several key factors of MPR walls,e.g.,the inclination angle of the filler cavity(θ-value),geometry size of the filler cavity(a:b-value)and thermal conductivity of the filler(λf-value),is conducted based on a validated numerical *** show that the dynamic thermal behaviors of MPR walls can be significantly improved due to that the radial thermal resistance in the filler cavity of MPR walls can be reduced by 50%,while the maximum extra exterior surface heat loss caused by the optimization measures is only 2.1%.Besides,a better technical effect can be achieved by setting the major axis of the filler cavity towards the room side,where the interior surface heat load/total injected heat first decreases/increases and then increases/decreases with the increase of theθ-*** particular,the MPR wall withθL=60°can obtain the best performance when other conditions remain the ***,the performance indicators of MPR walls can be further improved with the increase of the cavity size(a:b-value),while showing a trend of rapid improvement in theλf-value range of 2–5λC and slow improvement increase in theλf-value range of 5–12λ*** addition,the improvement effect brought by optimizing theθ-value is more o

关键词： building energy efficiency pipe-embedded building envelope thermal diffusive material thermal characteristics numerical simulation

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Clinical parameters predicting pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第10期34卷 468-474页

作者： Wei-Gen Zeng Jian-Wei Liang Zheng Wang Xing-Mao Zhang Jun-Jie Hu Hui-Rong Hou Hai-Tao Zhou Zhi-Xiang Zhou Department of Colorectal Surgery Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical College The Overall planning office Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

Introduction:Preoperative chemoradiotherapy(CRT),followed by total mesorectal excision,has become the standard of care for patients with clinical stages II and III rectal *** with pathologic complete response(pCR) to preoperative CRT have been reported to have better outcomes than those without ***,the factors that predict the response to neoadjuvant CRT have not been well *** this study,we aimed to investigate the impact of clinical parameters on the development of pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal ***:A total of 323 consecutive patients from a single institution who had clinical stage II or III rectal cancer and underwent a long-course neoadjuvant CRT,followed by curative surgery,between 2005 and 2013 were *** were divided into two groups according to their responses to neoadjuvant therapy:the pCR and non-pCR *** clinical parameters were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses,with pCR as the dependent ***:Of the 323 patients,75(23.2%) achieved *** two groups were comparable in terms of age,sex,body mass index,tumor stage,tumor location,tumor differentiation,radiation dose,and chemotherapy *** multivariate analysis,a pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level of 7 weeks between the completion of chemoradiation and surgical resection(OR = 2.588,95%CI = 1.484-4.512,P = 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased rate of ***:The pretreatment CEA level and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy-surgery interval were independent clinical predictors for achieving *** results may help clinicians predict the prognosis of patients and develop adaptive treatment strategies.

关键词： Rectal cancer, Pathologic complete response, Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, Carcinoembryonicantigen, Interval

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Uncertainty and parameter ranking analysis on summer thermal characteristics of the hydronic thermal barrier for low-energy buildings

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building Simulation 2023年第1期16卷 27-49页

作者： Sarula Chen Yang Yang Tianxin Chang Engineering Research Center of building Energy Efficiency Control and Evaluation(Ministry of Education) Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China School of Architecture and Urban planning Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China College of Architecture and Art Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China Anhui Academy of Territory Space planning and Ecology Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China

The hydronic thermal barrier(HTB)makes the building envelope gradually regarded as a multifunctional element,which is an opportunity to transform thermal insulation solutions from high to zero-carbon ***,inappropriate design,construction,and operation control may lead to issues like low efficiency and high investment,and even the opposite technical *** this paper,a comprehensive uncertainty and variable ranking analysis is numerically conducted to explore the influence mechanism of twelve risk variables on three types and five thermal performance indexes under summer *** uncertainty analysis results showed that the correct application of HTB could significantly reduce the heat gain that needs to be handled by the traditional air-conditioning system and even have the technical effect of auxiliary cooling if the variables are appropriately *** comprehensive influences of water temperature,room temperature,charging duration,and thermal conductivity of the HTB layer were in the first 1/3 *** them,the first two variables were identified as the two most influential variables,and they had a significant mutual restriction relationship in all other four indexes except for the exterior surface cold *** recommended charging duration was not less than eight hours in practical application,and the HTB layer with a higher thermal conductivity value but less than 3.3 W/(m·℃)was ***,the climate zone was no longer the most influential variable affecting the mean radiant temperature of the interior surface due to the combined effects of HTB and static thermal insulation *** addition,pipe spacing should preferably be selected between 100 and 250 mm to help form a continuous thermal buffer zone inside the building envelope.

关键词： uncertainty analysis parameter ranking hydronic thermal barrier thermal characteristics numerical simulation

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Development of an urban health and wellbeing index for work precincts:A comparative study in Sydney,Australia

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 402-420页

作者： Nimish Biloria Leena Thomas Dimitra Dritsa Christhina Candido Arianna Brambilla Ozgur Gocer School of Architecture University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Architecture Building and PlanningThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Architecture Design and PlanningThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

Work precincts are recognized for their significant role as generators of employment and associated commerce within urban *** study describes a method for analyzing the physical characteristics of urban work precincts in promoting the health and wellbeing of their *** following physical parameters are analyzed:public transport accessibility,green and blue spaces,food environments,fitness facilities,supermarkets,and grocery *** parameters are assessed using quantitative spatial analysis based on street network data,as well as point of interest data acquired from OpenStreetMap(OSM).The streets and their intersections are stored in the OSM database as links and nodes,*** evaluation of the performance metrics involves measuring the street network distance from each node to the closest node of interest for each *** metrics are then combined,forming an urban health and wellbeing index(UHWI),which can be used to compare the performance of different *** method was tested by investigating four work precincts in Sydney,Australia,all hosting a large office building belonging to the same business *** results identified two of the four precincts with a high UHWI and resulted in the Identification of one underperforming precinct.

关键词： Urban health and wellbeing Spatial analysis UHWI Work precinct

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WRF Environment Assessment in Guangzhou City with an Extracted Land-use Map from the Remote Sensing Data in 2000 as an Example

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第5期21卷 26-32页

作者： Yuan Li Ye-Hao Song Akashi Mochida Tsubasa Okaze School of Architecture Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Eco planning & Green building Ministry of EducationTsinghua University Department of Engineering Tohoku University

Mesoscale urban environment forecast combined with WRF is a current frontier in international academic. Taking Guangzhou as an example,the new land-use model presented by the present authors,the existing USGS and MODIS models in WRF were firstly compared to the remote sensing model in this *** comparison result shows that the land-use model presented by the authors has the highest similarity with the remote sensing data. Secondly,the new land-use model was used to replace the defaulted land-use data in WRF for simulation. By comparing this simulation results with the WRF results using the defaulted USGS and MODIS model,it was showed that the geographic models have a great impact on the mesoscale environment forecast result. Also,the geographic information model presented in this article shows the best accuracy when comparing with the observation data. Results in this study are going to be an important reference in the contemporary international forefront of mesoscale urban environment studies by WRF.

关键词： mesoscale environmental assessment WRF model remote sensing

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UN system efforts to support the response to AIDS in China

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期 908-913页

作者： Joel REHNSTROM UNAIDS China 1-162 Tayuan Diplomatic office building 14 Liangmahe Nanlu Beijing 100600 China

In the last two years, we have seen a remarkable intensification in the response to AIDS in China. A number of organizations have joined and contributed to the efforts of the Chinese government in responding the AIDS epidemic in China. This article specifically describes the role of the United Nations in supporting and strengthening those responses. Achievements of the United Nations highlighted in the article include: strengthened leadership and political commitment to respond to AIDS; improved HIV/AIDS surveillance and information; expanded prevention efforts; improved treatment, care and support to people living with HIV and increased resources for AIDS programs. Additional roles of the UN system in the near future include strengthening national leadership by supporting the ‘three ones’, i.e., one national plan on AIDS; one national coordinating authority for AIDS; and one monitoring and evaluation system for AIDS. In addition, the UN system is expected to strengthen alignment and harmonization of activities of all international organizations and improved accountability and oversight. Remaining challenges identified include increasing awareness of AIDS and reducing stigma and discrimination; reducing vulnerability and risk behaviour among specific groups; providing im- proved treatment, care and support for people living with HIV; promoting stronger engagement by civil society, and; addressing the gender dimensions of AIDS.

关键词： AIDS UN Theme Group UNGASS UNDAF response.

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Strategic Guidance & Rigid Control: Innovation of Urban Master planning in the New Period by Taking Shanghai 2040 Master Plan as an Example

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China City planning Review 2018年第2期27卷 36-47页

作者： Zhang Shangwu Jin Zhongmin Wang Xinzhe Zheng Degao Hu Guojun Fang Lan Shi Tingting Wu Kexin Wang Lili Sun Ye Liu Jinxin Architecture and Urban planning School Tongji University Shanghai Tongji Urban planning & Design Institute Shanghai Urban planning and Design Research Institute Shanghai Branch of China Academy of Urban planning & Design Executive office Shanghai Municipal Administration of PlanningLand and Resources National Land Branch of Shanghai Urban planning and Design Research Institute Development Research Center of Shanghai Urban planning and Design Research Institute Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey

The reform of urban master planning should make continuous progress to meet the requirements of urban and rural spatial resource control in the urbanization transformation period, considering its role of both strategic guidance and rigid control. As urban development in Shanghai is entering the era of stock-based development, it is important for the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan to upgrade urban strategies to adapt to the transformation environment of urban development, and to adjust the master planning system in line with Shanghai's reality. This article analyzes the development environment and challenges faced by the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan and reflects on the limitations of traditional master planning. To facilitate the spatial development transformation and spatial governance, the article summarizes the innovation ideas of the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan from aspects of functions, outcome framework, control system, organization format, etc.

关键词： Shanghai 2040 reform of master planning function of master plan outcome system

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