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CAS-ESM2.0 Successfully Reproduces Historical Atmospheric CO_(2) in a Coupled Carbon−Climate Simulation

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 572-580页

作者： Jiawen ZHU Juanxiong HE Duoying JI Yangchun LI He ZHANG Minghua ZHANG Xiaodong ZENG Kece FEI Jiangbo JIN International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Global Change and Earth system Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityNY 11790USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration has been increasing rapidly since the Industrial Revolution,which has led to unequivocal global warming and crucial environmental change.It is extremely important to investigate the interactions among atmospheric CO_(2),the physical climate system,and the carbon cycle of the underlying surface for a better understanding of the Earth system.Earth system models are widely used to investigate these interactions via coupled carbon-climate simulations.The Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth system Model version 2(CAS-ESM2.0)has successfully fixed a two-way coupling of atmospheric CO_(2)with the climate and carbon cycle on land and in the ocean.Using CAS-ESM2.0,we conducted a coupled carbon-climate simulation by following the CMIP6 proposal of a historical emissions-driven experiment.This paper examines the modeled CO_(2)by comparison with observed CO_(2)at the sites of Mauna Loa and Barrow,and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite(GOSAT)CO_(2)product.The results showed that CAS-ESM2.0 agrees very well with observations in reproducing the increasing trend of annual CO_(2)during the period 1850-2014,and in capturing the seasonal cycle of CO_(2)at the two baseline sites,as well as over northern high latitudes.These agreements illustrate a good ability of CAS-ESM2.0 in simulating carbon-climate interactions,even though uncertainties remain in the processes involved.This paper reports an important stage of the development of CAS-ESM with the coupling of carbon and climate,which will provide significant scientific support for climate research and China’s goal of carbon neutrality.

关键词： CAS-ESM atmospheric CO_(2) coupled carbon-climate simulation emissions-driven CMIP6 experiment

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Insight into the mechanisms of trichloronitromethane formation by vacuum ultraviolet: QSAR model and FTICR-MS analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 215-222页

作者： Xiaojun Chen Yangtao Wu Weiqiu Zhang Lingjun Bu Shumin Zhu Da Sheng Shiqing Zhou John C.Crittenden Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency Ministry of EducationDepartment of Water Engineering and ScienceCollege of Civil EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the brook byers institute for sustainable systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia 30332USA

Vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) photolysis is recognized as an environmental-friendly treatment process. Nitrate(NO-3) and natural organic matter(NOM) are widely present in water source.We investigated trichloronitromethane(TCNM) formation during chlorination after VUV photolysis, because TCNM is an unregulated highly toxic disinfection byproduct. In this study:(1) we found reactive nitrogen species that is generated under VUV photolysis of NO-3react with organic matter to form nitrogen-containing compounds and subsequently form TCNM during chlorination;(2) we found the mere presence of 0.1 mmol/L NO-3can result in the formation of up to 63.96 μg/L TCNM;(3) we found the changes in pH(6.0-8.0), chloride(1-4 mmol/L), and bicarbonate(1-4 mmol/L) cannot effectively diminish TCNM formation;and,(4) we established the quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) model,which indicated a linear relationship between TCNM formation and the Hammett constant(σ) of model compounds;and,(5) we characterized TCNM precursors in water matrix after VUV photolysis and found 1161 much more nitrogen-containing compounds with higher aromaticity were generated. Overall, this study indicates more attention should be paid to reducing the formation risk of TCNM when applying VUV photolysis process at scale.

关键词： Vacuum ultraviolet Natural organic matter Hammett constant FTICR-MS Trichloronitromethane

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Influence of MnO_(x)deposition on TiO_(2)nanotube arrays for electrooxidation

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第2期8卷 612-618页

作者： Kaihang Zhang Yuanzheng Zhang Su Liu Xin Tong Junfeng Niu Dong Wang Junchen Yan Zhaoyang Xiong John Crittenden brook byers institute of sustainable systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

TiO_(2)has demonstrated outstanding performance in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its structural stability and high oxygen overpotential.However,there is still much room for improving its electrochemical activity.Herein,narrow bandgap manganese oxide(MnO_(x))was composited with TiO_(2)nanotube arrays(TiO_(2)NTAs)that in-situ oxidized on porous Ti sponge,forming the MnO_(x)-TiO_(2)NTAs anode.XANES and XPS analysis further proved that the composition of MnO_(x)is Mn2O3.Electrochemical characterizations revealed that increasing the composited concentration of MnO_(x)can improve the conductivity and reduce oxygen evolution potential so as to improve the electrochemical activity of the composited MnO_(x)-TiO_(2)NTAs anode.Meanwhile,the optimal degradation rate of benzoic acid(BA)was achieved using MnO_(x)-TiO_(2)NTAs with a MnO_(x)concentration of 0.1 mmol L^(-1),and the role of MnO_(x)was proposed based on DFT calculation.Additionally,the required electrical energy(EE/O)to destroy BA was optimized by varying the composited concentration of MnO_(x)and the degradation voltage.These quantitative results are of great significance for the design and application of high-performance materials for EAOPs.

关键词： TiO_(2)nanotube arrays Oxidation mechanism Energy efficiency assessment MnO_(x)band structure Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes

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Screening ionic liquids for efficiently extracting perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFACs) from wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 866-874页

作者： Kaihang Zhang David Kujawski Chris Spurrell Bing Wang John CCrittenden brook byers institute of sustainable systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Refinery Water Engineering and Associates Hydrocarbon Processing Water and Waste TechnologyInc.HoustonTX 77042USA Chevron USA VancouverWA 98664USA School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110000China

Liquid-liquid extraction(LLE)using ionic liquids(ILs)-based methods to remove perfluoroalkyl chemicals(PFACs),such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS),from wastewater,is an important strategy.However,the lack of physicochemical and LLE data limits the selection of the most suitable ILs for the extraction of PFACs.In this work,1763 ILs for PFACs extraction from water were systematically screened using COSMOtherm to estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficient(lnγ^(∞))of PFOA and PFOS in water and ILs.To evaluate the accuracy of COSMOtherm,8 ILs with various lnγ^(∞)values were selected,and their extraction efficiency(E)and distribution coefficient(D_(exp))were measured experimentally.The results showed that the predicted lnγ^(∞)decreased as the increase of experimental extraction efficiency of PFOA or PFOS,while the tendency of predicted distribution coefficient(D_(pre))was consistent with the experimental(D_(exp))results.This work provides an efficient basis for selecting ILs for the extraction of PFACs from wastewater.

关键词： Conductor-like screening model for real solvents(COSMO-RS) Ionic liquids Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS) Liquid-liquid extraction

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A guide to shortening the time from submission to publication in Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 5-7页

作者： Jiao Zhang Xia Huang Jiming Hao John CCrittenden School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China brook byers institute for sustainable systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Authors want to publish their work as soon as possible.However,the manuscript processing time increases if the manuscript does not meet the journal requirements.Our analysis of manuscripts submitted to Frontiers o f Environmental Science&Engineering from November 2018 to July 2019 shows that the processing time was increased up to 33 days because the manuscripts:(1)had inconsistent formatting of citations,references,and units,(2)exceeded the word limit,(3)were missing information such as the graphical abstract,(4)plagiarized other papers,and(5)had too many tables and figures.Herein,we explain how authors can avoid these issues and decrease the manuscript processing time.

关键词： Manuscript Technical evaluation Technical review Return Time Reason Journal

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Ultrafast battery heat dissipation enabled by highly ordered and interconnected hexagonal boron nitride thermal conductive composites

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第6期7卷 1401-1410页

作者： Zhuoya Wang Kaihang Zhang Bing Zhang Zheming Tong Shulan Mao Hao Bai Yingying Lu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Institute of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China brook byers institute of sustainable systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou311200China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic systems College of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Heat dissipation involved safety issues are crucial for industrial applications of the high-energy density battery and fast charging technology.While traditional air or liquid cooling methods suffering from space limitation and possible leakage of electricity during charge process,emerging phase change materials as solid cooling media are of growing interest.Among them,paraffin wax(PW)with large latent heat capacity and low cost is desirable for heat dissipation and thermal management which mainly hindered by their relatively low thermal conductivity and susceptibility to leakage.Here,highly ordered and interconnected hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)networks were established via ice template method and introduced into PW to enhance the thermal conductivity.The composite with 20 wt%loading amount of h-BN can guarantee a highly ordered network and exhibited high thermal conductivity(1.86 W m^(-1) K^(-1))which was 4 times larger compared with that of random dispersed h-BN involved PW and nearly 8 times larger compared with that of bare PW.The optimal thermal conductive composites demonstrated ultrafast heat dissipation as well as leakage resistance for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),heat generated by LIBs can be effectively transferred under the working state and the surface temperature kept 6.9℃ lower at most under 2–5℃ continuous charge-discharge process compared with that of bare one which illustrated great potential for industrial thermal management.

关键词： Hexagonal boron nitride Paraffin wax Lithium-ion batteries Thermal conductive network Battery heat dissipation

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Ultrastable MOF-based foams for versatile applications

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 2961-2970页

作者： Qian Hu Licong Xu Kaixing Fu Feichao Zhu Taoyu Yang Tao Yang Jinming Luo Minghua Wu Deyou Yu Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Ministry of EducationZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China brook byers institute for sustainable systems School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta 30332USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China institute for Nanomaterials Advanced Technologies and InnovationTechnical University of LiberecLiberec 46117Czech Republic Zheijiang Sci-Tech University Tongxiang Research institute Tongxiang 345000China

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are attractive for promising applications but plagued by difficult recovery and deployment due to their intrinsic nano/micro powder nature.Although significant efforts have been made to develop separable solid matrixes for MOF supporting,the poor loading stability and durability of MOFs still challenge their engineering applications.Here,we present a facile and effective approach to fabricate MOF-based melamine foams(MFs)(denoted as MOFiths)with ultrahigh loading stability and operation stability,easy separation,and high-efficient performance for versatile robust applications.By adopting our approach,numbers of typical fragile MOFs characterized with wide ranges of particle size(from~nm to~μm)can be precisely incorporated into MFs with controllable loading ratios(up to~1,600%).Particularly,the produced MOFiths show excellent capacities for the highly effective and durable water purifications and acetalization reactions.100%of organic pollutants can be rapidly destructed within 10 min by MOFiths initiated Fenton or catalytic ozonation processes under five successive cycles while the maximum adsorption capacity of MOFiths toward Pb(II),Cd(II),and Cu(II)reaches to 422,222,and 105 mg·g^(-1),respectively.This study provides a critical solution to substantially facilitate the engineering applications of MOFs for long-term use in practice.

关键词： metal-organic framework melamine foam ultrastability versatile applications long-term use

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Precise regulation of acid pretreatment for red mud SCR catalyst:Targeting on optimizing the acidity and reducibility

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 61-71页

作者： Xiang Zhang Yue Xuan Bin Wang Chuan Gao Shengli Niu Gaiju Zhao Dong Wang Junhua Li Chunmei Lu John C.Crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction School of Energy and Power EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the brook byers institute for sustainable systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and EquipmentSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Energy institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250013China

Red mud(RM),as an alkaline waste,was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst.Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud,which were critical for SCR reaction.However,the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red mud.In this study,we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment(dealkalization)process.The pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric acid.When the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5(CRM-3 and CRM-5),activated catalysts showed NOx conversion above 90%at 275℃–475℃.The high initial reaction rate,Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+))ratio,and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 catalyst.Meanwhile,more Fe^(3+) on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH_(3) adsorption.There was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 catalysts.DFT results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O_(3)-Fe for NH_(3) and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O_(3)-Fe,which enhanced the NOx conversion of the catalyst.However,the almandine was formed in CRM-4,consumed part of Fe^(3+) and Al^(3+),and the interaction between Al and Fe was weakened.Also,deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites,thus leading to lower NH_(3)-SCR activity.

关键词： Air pollution control Nitrogen oxides Selective catalytic reduction Red mud Solid waste utilization

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Cerium-tungsten oxides supported on activated red mud for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第1期8卷 173-182页

作者： Qiuzhun Chen Dong Wang Chuan Gao Bin Wang Shengli Niu Gaiju Zhao Yue Peng Junhua Li Chunmei Lu John Crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction School of Energy and Power EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and EquipmentSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China brook byers institute for sustainable systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology828 West Peachtree StreetAtlantaGA30332United States Energy institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250013ShandongChina

Activated red mud(RM)has been proved to be a promising base material for the selective catalysis reduction(SCR)of NOx.The inherent low reducibility and acidity limited its low-temperature activity.In this work,molybdenum oxide,tungsten oxide,and cerium oxide were used to reconfigure the redox sites and acid sites of red mud based catalyst.When activated red mud was reconfigured by cerium-tungsten oxide(Ce-W@RM),the NOx conversion kept above 90%at 219-480℃.The existence of Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+) redox electron pairs provided more surface adsorbed oxygen(O_(α)) and served as a redox cycle.Positive interactions between Ce,W species and Fe oxide in red mud occurred,which led to the formation of unsaturated chemical bond and promoted the activation of adsorbed NH_(3) species.WO_(3) and Ce_(2)(WO_(4))_(3)(formed by solid-state reaction between Ce and W species)could provide more Brønsted acid sites(W-O modes of WO_(3),W=O or W-O-W modes of Ce_(2)(WO_(4))_(3)).CeO_(2) species could provide more Lewis acid sites.The Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)routes and Eley-Rideal(E-R)routes occurred in the low-temperature SCR reaction on the Ce-W@RM surface.NH_(4)^(+) species on Brønsted acid sites,NH_(3) species on Lewis acid sites,bidentate nitrate and bridging nitrate species were key active intermediates species.

关键词： Air pollution control NOx Selective catalytic reduction Cerium Tungsten

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Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of chemical science and engineering： Environment and sustainable development

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 305-307页

作者： Zhongming Lu Duo Li John C. Crittenden School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Crittenden and Associates Beijing 100102 China brook byers institute for sustainable systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0355 USA

There were 30 speakers and the proceedings contained 28 abstracts that discussed the start-of-the art applications of sustainable chemical engineering [1]. We summarized topics that were discussed in the 28 abstracts using the non-negative matrix factorization （NMF） algorithm. The ＂topics＂ were synthesized without reading the abstracts. Here we will not discuss the algorithm of NMF in detail because of the space limitation and please refer to references for the description of NMF [2,3]. Topic modeling will be more valuable as the number of the abstracts increases.

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