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The IUGS/IAGC Task group on Global Geochemical Baselines

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地学前缘 2012年第3期19卷 1-6页

作者： David B.Smith Shaun Reeder Alecos Demetriades U.S.geological Survey DenverCO 80225 USA institute of Geopkysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang Hebei 065000 China british geological Survey KeyworthNottinghamUK institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration Athens Greece

The Task group on Global Geochemical Baselines,operating under the auspices of both the International Union of geological Sciences(IUGS) and the International Association of Geochemistry(IAGC),has the long-term goal of establishing a global geochemical database to document the concentration and distribution of chemical elements in the Earth's surface or near-surface *** database and accompanying element distribution maps represent a geochemical baseline against which future human-induced or natural changes to the chemistry of the land surface may be recognized and *** order to accomplish this long-term goal,the activities of the Task group include:(1) developing partnerships with countries conducting broad-scale geochemical mapping studies;(2) providing consultation and training in the form of workshops and short courses;(3) organizing periodic international symposia to foster communication among the geochemical mapping community;(4) developing criteria for certifying those projects whose data are acceptable in a global geochemical database;(5) acting as a repository for data collected by those projects meeting the criteria for standardization;(6) preparing complete metadata for the certified projects;and(7) preparing,ultimately,a global geochemical *** paper summarizes the history and accomplishments of the Task group since its first predecessor project was established in 1988.

关键词：国际地质科学联合会伴生元素化学元素地表环境

A continental back-arc setting for the Namaqua belt:Evidence from the Kakamas Domain

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 193-221页

作者： P.H.Macey R.J.Thomas A.F.M.Kisters J.F.A.Diener M.Angombe S.Doggart C.A.Groenewald C.W.Lambert J.A.Miller H.Minnaar H.Smith H.F.G.Moen E.Muvangua A.Nguno G.Shifotoka J.Indongo D.Frei C.Spencer P.le Roux R.A.Armstrong C.Tinguely Council for Geoscience P.O.Box 572BellvilleSouth Africa Department of Geology University of StellenboschSouth Africa Department of geological Sciences University of Cape TownSouth Africa geological Survey of Namibia WindhoekNamibia Department of Geology University of Free StateSouth Africa Department of Earth Sciences University of the Western CapeSouth Africa The institute of Geoscience Research Dept.Applied GeologyCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Department of geological Sciences and geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK RSES Australian NationalUniversityCanberraACTAustralia

A study of the NW Kakamas Domain in South Africa/Namibia provides a new,unified lithostratigraphy and evolutionary history applicable to the whole Namaqua *** Mesoproterozoic history ranges from~1350 Ma to 960 Ma,but isotopic evidence suggests it was built upon pre-existing Paleoproterozoic continental crust that extended west from the Archaean *** eastern Namaqualand,early rift-related magmatism and sedimentation at~1350 Ma occurred in a confined ocean *** tectonic reversal and subduction at~1290–1240 Ma led to establishment of the Areachap,Konkiep and Kaaien *** the Kakamas Domain,widespread deposition of pelitic sediments occurred at~1220 Ma(Narries group).These contain detrital zircons derived from proximal crust with ages between~2020 Ma and 1800 Ma(western Palaeoproterozoic domains)and 1350–1240 Ma(eastern early Namaqua domains),suggesting pre-sedimentation *** pelites underwent granulite grade metamorphism at~1210 Ma(peak conditions:4.5–6 kbar and 770–850°C),associated with voluminous,predominantly S-type granitoid orthogneisses between~1210 Ma and 1190 Ma(Eendoorn and Ham River Suites)and low-angle ductile(D_(2))deformation which continued until~1110 Ma,interspersed with periods of *** enduring P-T regime is inconsistent with the expected crustal over-thickening associated with the generally-accepted collision-accretion Namaqualand ***,we propose the Namaqua Sector is a‘hot orogen’developed in a wide continental back-arc with subduction west of the present-day *** observed high geotherm resulted from thinned back-arc lithosphere accompanied by an influx of mantle-derived *** D_(2)deformation resulted from"bottom-driven"tectonics and viscous drag within the crust by convective flow in the underlying asthenospheric *** extended tectonothermal regime ceased at~1110 Ma when SW-directed thrusting stacked the Namaqua Domains into their current positions,constrained in

关键词： Kakamas Namaqua Geodynamics Geochronology Hot orogeny Mesoproterozoic

Deconvolving the pre-Himalayan Indian margin-Tales of crustal growth and destruction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 863-872页

作者： Christopher J.Spencer Brendan Dyck Catherine M.Mottram Nick M.W.Roberts Wei-Hua Yao Erin L.Martin Earth Dynamics Research group The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) Department of Applied Geology Curtin University NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological Survey Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser University University Drive Department of Environment Earth and Ecosystems The Open UniversityWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Schoolof Earth Sciences and Engineering SunYat-sen University

The metamorphic core of the Himalaya is composed of Indian cratonic rocks with two distinct crustal affinities that are defined by radiogenic isotopic geochemistry and detrital zircon age spectra. One is derived predominantly from the Paleoproterozoic and Archean rocks of the Indian cratonic interior and is either represented as metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence(LHS) or as slices of the distal cratonic margin. The other is the Greater Himalayan Sequence(GHS) whose provenance is less clear and has an enigmatic affinity. Here we present new detrital zircon Hf analyses from LHS and GHS samples spanning over 1000 km along the orogen that respectively show a striking similarity in age spectra and Hf isotope ratios. Within the GHS, the zircon age populations at 2800-2500 Ma,1800 Ma, 1000 Ma and 500 Ma can be ascribed to various Gondwanan source regions; however, a pervasive and dominant Tonianage population(～860-800 Ma) with a variably enriched radiogenic Hf isotope signature(eHf = 10 to-20) has not been identified from Gondwana or peripheral accreted terranes. We suggest this detrital zircon age population was derived from a crustal province that was subsequently removed by tectonic erosion. Substantial geologic evidence exists from previous studies across the Himalaya supporting the Cambro-Ordovician Kurgiakh Orogeny. We propose the tectonic removal of Tonian lithosphere occurred prior to or during this Cambro-Ordovician episode of orogenesis in a similar scenario as is seen in the modern Andean and Indonesian orogenies, wherein tectonic processes have removed significant portions of the continental lithosphere in a relatively short amount of time. This model described herein of the pre-Himalayan northern margin of Greater India highlights the paucity of the geologic record associated with the growth of continental crust. Although the continental crust is the archive of Earth history, it is vital to recognize the ways in which preservation

关键词： Himalaya Gondwana Zircon Subduction erosion

The 3rd Global Summit of Research institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction:Expanding the Platform for Bridging Science and Policy Making

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 224-230页

作者： Andrew Collins Hirokazu Tatano Wilma James Chadia Wannous Kaoru Takara Virginia Murray Charles Scawthorn Jim Mori Sarah Aziz Khalid M.Mosalam Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Elisabeth Krausmann Wei-Sen Li Ana Maria Cruz Subhajyoti Samaddar Tom De Groeve Yuichi Ono Kelvin Berryman Koji Suzuki Mark Ashley Parry Peter McGowran John G.Rees Department of Geography/Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University Disaster Prevention Research institute (DPRI) Kyoto University United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) Public Health England United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory group and Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) University of CaliforniaBerkeley Centre for Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pacific Earthquake Engineering CenterUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley International institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) APEC Emergency Preparedness Capacity Building Center (EPCC) International Research institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Natural Hazards Division GNS Science National Research institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) british geological Survey and Research Councils uk

The Global Alliance of Disaster Research institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Disaster Prevention Research institute,Kyoto University,Japan,19–21 March,*** Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction(DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the *** summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for Disaster RiskReduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology *** summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action.A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified323 research projects that are indicative of current *** were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for *** discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster *** cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance,resilience,and *** summaries were presentedin plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction research GADRI global summit Policy Science

The global mismatch between equitable carbon dioxide removal liability and capacity

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 111-123页

作者： Pu Yang Zhifu Mi Yi-Ming Wei Steef V.Hanssen Lan-Cui Liu D'Maris Coffman Xinlu Sun Hua Liao Yun-Fei Yao Jia-Ning Kang Peng-Tao Wang Steven J.Davis The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London Energy and Power group University of Oxford Exeter Sustainable Finance Centre University of Exeter Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of Technology School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Radboud University Business School Beijing Normal University Strategy Plan Department Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Department of Earth System Science University of California

Limiting climate change to 1.5℃ and achieving net-zero emissions would entail substantial carbon dioxide removal(CDR) from the atmosphere by the mid-century,but how much CDR is needed at country level over time is *** purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of when and how much CDR is required at country level in order to achieve 1.5℃ and how much CDR countries can carry out *** allocate global CDR pathways among 170 countries according to 6 equity principles and assess these allocations with respect to countries’ biophysical and geophysical capacity to deploy *** global CDR to countries based on these principles suggests that CDR will,on average,represent～4% of nations’ total emissions in 2030,rising to ～17% in ***,equitable allocations of CDR,in many cases,exceed implied land and carbon storage *** estimate～15 % of countries(25)would have insufficient land to contribute an equitable share of global CDR,and ～40% of countries(71)would have insufficient geological storage *** more diverse CDR technologies are developed,the mismatch between CDR liabilities and land-based CDR capacities will lead to global demand for six GtCO2carbon credits from 2020 to *** demonstrates an imperative demand for international carbon trading of CDR.

关键词： carbon dioxide removal land-based solutions international equity

Not Ready for Convergence in Data Infrastructures

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 116-135页

作者： Keith Jeffery Peter Wittenburg Larry Lannom George Strawn Claudia Biniossek Dirk Betz Christophe Blanchi Keith G Jeffery Consultants 71 Gilligans WayFaringdon SN77FXUK Max Planck Computing and Data Facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany Corporation for National Research Initiatives(CNRI) RestonVirginia 20191USA US National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 20418USA GESIS-Leibniz institute for the Social Sciences Unter Sachsenhausen 6-850667CologneGermany Corporation for National Research Initiatives RestonVirginia 20191USA

Much research is dependent on Information and Communication Technologies(ICT).Researchers in different research domains have set up their own ICT systems(data labs)to support their research,from data collection(observation,experiment,simulation)through analysis(analytics,visualisation)to ***,too frequently the Digital Objects(DOs)upon which the research results are based are not curated and thus neither available for reproduction of the research nor utilization for other(e.g.,multidisciplinary)research *** key to curation is rich metadata recording not only a description of the DO and the conditions of its use but also the provenance-the trail of actions performed on the DO along the research *** are increasing real-world requirements for multidisciplinary *** DOs in domain-specific ICT systems(silos),commonly with inadequate metadata,such research is *** wide agreement on principles for achieving FAIR(findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable)utilization of research data,current practices fall *** DOs offer a way *** paradoxes,barriers and possible solutions are *** key is persuading the researcher to adopt best practices which implies decreasing the cost(easy to use autonomic tools)and increasing the benefit(incentives such as acknowledgement and citation)while maintaining researcher independence and flexibility.

关键词： Scientific process Workflow Metadata FAIR Scientific data Data wrangling