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Progress of vegetation modelling and future research prospects

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2718-2738页

作者： Siqi LI Xu ZHANG Zhengyao LU Jian NI Jianhua LU State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China british antarctic survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden College of Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China

Terrestrial vegetation is a crucial component of the Earth system,and its changes not only represent one of the most distinct aspects of climate change but also exert significant feedback within the climate system by exchanging energy,moisture,and carbon *** quantitatively and mechanistically study climate-vegetation feedback,numerical vegetation models have been developed on the theory of ecophysiological constraints on plant functional *** models eventually can simulate vegetation distribution and succession across different spatial and temporal scales,and associated terrestrial carbon cycle processes by categorizing vegetation into biomes according different plant functional types and their associated environmental *** we review the developing history of vegetation models and provide recent advances and future *** 21st century,static vegetation models,as developed statistical models,can only simulate equilibrated characteristics of vegetation *** last several decades,Dynamic Global Vegetation Models(DGVMs)have been developed to simulate instantaneous responses of vegetation to climate change and associated dynamics,and can be coupled with Earth system models to investigate interactions among atmosphere,ocean,and *** are also widely applied to investigate the dynamics accounting for changes in the geographic distribution patterns of land surface vegetation at different spatial and temporal scales and to assess the impacts of terrestrial carbon and water fluxes and land use *** suggest that future vegetation modeling could integrate with machine learning,and explore vegetation transient response and feedback as well as impacts of process hierarchies and human activities on climate and ecosystem.

关键词： Vegetation models DGVMs Ecosystems Plant functional types Plant functional traits

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Fluid-rock interaction experiments with andesite at 100℃ for potential carbon storage in geothermal reservoirs

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第3期3卷 369-382页

作者： Grace E.Belshaw Elisabeth Steer Yukun Ji Herwin Azis Benyamin Sapiie Bagus Muljadi Veerle Vandeginste School of Chemistry University of NottinghamNottinghamUK GeoEnergy Research Centre University of NottinghamNottinghamUK british Geological survey KeyworthUK State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina PT Supreme Energy JakartaIndonesia Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenCampus BrugesBrugesBelgium

Geothermal energy extraction often results in the release of naturally occurring carbon dioxide(CO_(2))as a *** on carbon storage using volcanic rock types other than basalt under both acidic and elevated temperature conditions has been limited so *** study uses batch reactor experiments at 100℃ to investigate the dissolution of andesite rock samples obtained from an active geothermal reservoir in Sumatra(Indonesia).The samples are subjected to reactions with neutral-pH fluids and acidic fluids,mimicking the geochemical responses upon reinjection of geothermal fluids,either without or with dissolved acidic gases,*** elemental analysis reveals the release of Ca^(2+)ions into the fluids through the dissolution of *** overall dissolution rate of the rock samples is 2.4×10^(–11)to 4.2×10^(–11)mol/(m^(2)·s),based on the Si release during the initial 7 h of the *** dissolution rates are about two orders of magnitude lower than those reported for basaltic rocks under similar reaction *** study offers valuable insights into the potential utilization of andesite reservoirs for effective CO_(2) storage via mineralization.

关键词： andesite carbon sequestration geothermal reservoirs plagioclase dissolution

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The past 800 ka viewed through antarctic ice cores

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 219-221页

作者： Eric W Wolff british antarctic survey High Cross Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ET UK.

The later parts of the Quaternary are of particular importance for assessing our ability to understand the future operation of the Earth because the main boundary conditions are similar to those of today, and because we have a density of data that allows hypotheses to be tested rigorously. An important source of such data is antarctic ice cores, now extending back 800 ka, and containing signals both of climate, and of climate forcing factors. The antarctic ice core deuterium record, representing antarctic temperature, is one of the iconic Quaternary records.

关键词：第四纪地质时代南极冰川地球

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Historical　seismicity　of　South　China　from　European　sources：example　of　the　Hong　Kong　Newspaper　Press

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 1995年第3期8卷 487-490页

作者： R. M. W. MUSSON(british Geological survey, West Mains Road,Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK) british Geological survey Edinburgh UK

The study of historical earthquakes, essential for seismic hazard in most parts of the world,is as much an undertaking in history as it is in seismology. Many early studies of historical earthquakes in various parts of the world were done by seismologists untrained in historical methods,and numerous errors have resulted from *** aspect of historical methodology that cannot be stressed too highly is the proper assemblyand critique of source materials. In the case of many parts of the world outside Of Europe,colo-nial records are a major source Of data-for example,for the West indies the principal sourcesof data are not to be found in the West indies themselves but in the archives of ports which traded to the West Indies.

关键词： historical earthquake South China

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Paleobiological significance of the James Ross Basin

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第3期30卷 186-198页

作者： J.Alistair CRAME british antarctic survey High CrossMadingley RoadCambridge CB3 0ETUK

The extensive Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic sedimentary succession exposed within the James Ross Basin,antarctica has huge potential to enhance paleobiological investigations into both the marine and terrestrial fossil *** excess of 7 km in total thickness and spanning the Early Cretaceous(Aptian)–Late Eocene in age,it represents an invaluable high-latitude(~65°S)site for comparison with lower latitude,tropical ones in an essentially greenhouse *** Early Cretaceous(Aptian–Albian)sequence is deep-water but there are indications of shallowing to inner shelf depths in both the Turonian and Coniacian *** first prolific shallow-water marine fauna occurs in the Santonian–Campanian Santa Marta Formation and this is followed by repeated occurrences through the later Campanian,Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene(Lutetian).In this study an attempt has been made to compare these antarctic faunas directly with the well-known ones of the same age from the US Gulf *** comparisons made for three time slices,Late Maastrichtian,Danian and Middle Eocene,indicate that the antarctic is characterised by both low taxonomic diversity and high levels of *** James Ross Basin is providing important evidence to indicate that the highest southern latitudes have always been characterised by a distinctive temperate biota,even on a pre-glacial *** roots of at least some elements of the modern Southern Ocean biota can be traced back to a Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic austral realm.

关键词： James Ross Basin biostratigraphy molluscan faunas US Gulf Coast biodiversity patterns evolutionof temperate biotas

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Styles and Extent of Volcanism Within the Afar Continental Rift(Ethiopia) and Implications for the Environmental Impact of Large Volcanic Eruptions

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 61-62页

作者： Charlotte Vye Kay Smith british Geological survey

The Afar region in Ethiopia forms part of the East African Rift and represents the only volcanically and seismically active continental spreading centre on *** unique natural laboratory is the subject of investigation to understand the magmatism and geodynamics during the transition from continental rifting to the generation of new ocean *** the BGS we have applied an integrated

关键词： continental rifting flood basalts Afar

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Report on IAMAS Activity since 2015 and the IAPSO-IAMAS-IAGA Scientific Assembly--Good Hope for Earth Sciences

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第4期35卷 371-375页

作者： John TURNER Teruyuki NAKAJIMA british antarctic survey High Cross Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ET United Kingdom Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan

Three associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics （IUGG）--International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans （IAPSO）, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences （IA- MAS） and International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy （IAGA）--held their joint Scientific Assembly over 27 August-1 September in Cape Town, South Africa. This was the first full IAMAS assembly to be held in Africa （Figs. 1 ＆ 2）.

关键词： MAS Good Hope for Earth Sciences Report on IAMAS Activity since 2015 and the IAPSO-IAMAS-IAGA Scientific Assembly

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Individual consistency and sex differences in migration strategies of Scopoli＇s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea despite year differences

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 631-641页

作者： Martina S. MULLER Bruno MASSA Richard A. PHILLIPS Giacomo DELL Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Japan University of Palermo Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences Italy british antarctic survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge CB3 0ET UK Ornis italica Rome Italy

Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and destinations. This raises questions about the relative importance of individual consistency versus flexibility in the evolution of migration strategies, and has implications for the ability of populations to respond to climatic change. Using geolocators, we tracked the migrations of Scopoli＇s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in Linosa （Italy） across three years, and analysed timing and spatial aspects of their movements. Birds showed remarkable variation in their main wintering destination along the western coast of Africa. We found significant individual consistency in the total distance traveled, time spent in transit, and time that individuals spent in the win- tering areas. We found extensive sex differences in scheduling, duration, distances and destinations of migratory journeys. We also found sex differences in the degree of individual consistency in aspects of migration behaviour. Despite strong evidence for individual consistency, which indicates that migration journeys from the same bird tended to be more similar than those of dif- ferent birds, there remained substantial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we also found clear annual differences in departure dates, return dates, wintering period, the total distance traveled and re^rn routes from wintering grounds back to the colony. These findings show that this population flexibly shifts migration schedules as well as routes between years in response to direct or indirect effects of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining consistent individual migration strategies [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 631-641, 2014].

关键词： Avian migration GLS loggers Repeatability Individual strategies

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Landslide Research at the british Geological survey:Capture,Storage and Interpretation on a National and Site-Specific Scale

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 991-999页

作者： Catherine PENNINGTON Claire FOSTER Jonathan CHAMBERS Gareth JENKINS british Geological survey KeyworthNottinghamshireNG12 5GGUK

Landslide research at the british Geological survey （BGS） is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers （BGS＇SIGMAmobile）, with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS＇s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14 000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS＇s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale.

关键词： landslide National Landslide Database GeoSure hazard LiDAR geophysics

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Effects of historical land cover changes on climate

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第18期52卷 2575-2583页

作者： SHI ZhengGuo YAN XiaoDong YIN ChongHua WANG ZhaoMin Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China british antarctic survey Cambridge CB30ET UK

In order to explore the influence of anthropogenic land use on the climate system during the last mil- lennium, a set of experiments is performed with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity—— the McGill Paleoclimate Model (MPM-2). The present paper mainly focuses on biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes. A dynamic scenario of deforestation is described based on changes in cropland fraction (RF99). The model simulates a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.09-0.16℃, especially 0.14-0.22℃ in Northern Hemisphere during the last 300 years. The responses of climate system to GHGs concentration changes are also calculated for comparisons. Now, afforestation is becoming an important choice for the enhancement of terrestrial carbon sequestration and adjustment of regional climate. The results indicate that biogeophysical effects of land cover changes cannot be neglected in the assessments of climate change.

关键词：气候变化陆地覆盖森林开伐气候-生物圈相互作用

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