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From micro-to macroevolution:brood parasitism as a driver of phenotypic diversity in birds

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 515-526页

作者： Iliana Medina Rebecca M.Kilner Naomi E.Langmore School of BioSciences University of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EJUK division of Ecology and Evolution Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia

A fun dame ntal question in biology is how diversity evolves and why some clades are more diverse than *** diversity has often been shown to result from morphological adaptation to different *** role of behavioral interactions as a driver of broadscale phenotypic diversity has received comparatively less *** interactions,however,are a key agent of natural *** behavioral interactions with predators or with parasites can have significant fitness consequences,and hence act as strong evolutionary forces on the phe no type of species,ultimately gen erating diversity betwee n species of both victims and *** obligate brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other species,their hosts,and this behavioral interaction between hosts and parasites is often considered one of the best examples of coevolution in the natural *** this review,we use the coevolution between brood parasites and their hosts to illustrate the potential of behavioral interactions to drive evolution of phenotypic diversity at different taxonomic *** provide a bridge between behavioral ecology and macroevolution by describing how this interaction has increased avian phenotypic diversity not only in the brood parasitic clades but also in their hosts.

关键词： brood parasitism coevolution diversity phenotypic variation macroevolution

Metformin does not improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15750-15755页

作者： Mamatha Bhat Roongruedee Chaiteerakij William S Harmsen Cathy D Schleck Ju Dong Yang Nasra H Giama Terry M Therneau Gregory J Gores Lewis R Roberts division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Centre Department of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Thai Red Cross Society division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

AIM:To assess whether metformin,which has a chemopreventive effect in chronic liver disease,has any chemotherapeutic effect in hepatocellular ***:This was a retrospective study of 701 patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)seen between January 2005 and June 2011 at Mayo Clinic,Rochester,*** patient cohort was a part of the global HCC bridge study,which is a large longitudinal study of HCC determining the realworld experience of HCC characteristics,management and patient *** defined significant metformin exposure as continuation of this agent at least 90d beyond diagnosis of HCC,and compared survival of diabetic patients on metformin to diabetic patients not on metformin and ***:Our cohort was 72.9%male,with a mean±SD age of 62.6±12.3 *** most common etiologies of liver disease were hepatitis C(34%),alcoholic liver disease(29%),fatty liver disease(15%)and hepatitis B(9%).By univariate analysis,using diabetics not on metformin as the reference group,diabetic patients with HCC on metformin had no survival advantage,with a HR(95%CI)of 1.0(0.8-1.3).Non-diabetic HCC patients also did not appear to have a survival advantage as compared to diabetic HCC patients not on metformin,as demonstrated by a HR(95%CI)of1.1(0.7-1.7).Diabetics on metformin beyond 90 d after HCC diagnosis had a longer median survival at 34.2 mo,as compared to 25.5 mo among diabetic patients who were not on metformin or had discontinued metformin within 90 d after HCC *** finding was likely due to potential survival bias among those who lived long enough to receive ***:Although the literature suggests a chemotherapeutic effect in other malignancies,our study demonstrates no survival benefit to the use of metformin in diabetic patients with HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Metformin Dia-betes Survi

Evidence based review of negative pressure wound therapy

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World Journal of Dermatology 2017年第1期6卷 1-16页

作者： Adriana C Panayi Tripp Leavitt Dennis P Orgill School of Clinical Medicine University of Cam-bridge Boston University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School

Vacuum-assisted closure, sometimes referred to as microdeformational wound therapy or most commonly negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT), has significantly improved wound care over the past two decades. NPWT is known to affect wound healing through four primary mechanisms(macrodeformation, microdeformation, fluid removal, and alteration of the wound environment) and various secondary mechanisms(including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and alterations in bioburden) which are described in this review. In addition, the technique has many established uses, for example in wound healing of diabetic and pressure ulcers, as well as burn and blast wounds. This therapy also has many uses whose efficacy has yet to be confirmed, for example the use in digestive surgery. Modifications of the traditional NPWT have also been established and are described in detail. This therapy has various considerations and contraindications which are summarized in this review. Finally, future perspectives, such as the optimal cycling of the treatment and the most appropriate interface material, are touched upon in the final segment. Overall, despite the fact that questions remain to be answered about NPWT, this technology is a major breakthrough in wound healing with significant potential use both in the hospital but also in the community.

关键词： Negative pressure wound therapy Chronic wounds Microdeformational wound therapy Vacuum assisted closure Pressure ulcers

Identification of hepatitis B virus and liver cancer bridge molecules based on functional module network

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4921-4932页

作者： Xiao-Bing Huang Yong-Gang He Lu Zheng Huan Feng Yu-Ming Li Hong-Yan Li Feng-Xia Yang Jing Li Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Second Hospital Affiliated to Third Military Medical University of Xinqiao HospitalChongqing 400037China division of Nursing Second Hospital Affiliated to Third Military Medical UniversityXinqiao HospitalChongqing 400037China

BACKGROUND The potential role of chronic inflammation in the development of cancer has been widely ***,there has been little research fully and thoroughly exploring the molecular link between hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To elucidate the molecular links between HBV and HCC through analyzing the molecular processes of HBV-HCC using a multidimensional *** First,maladjusted genes shared between HBV and HCC were identified by disease-related differentially expressed ***,the protein-protein interaction network based on dysfunctional genes identified a series of dysfunctional modules and significant crosstalk between modules based on the hypergeometric *** addition,key regulators were detected by pivot ***,targeted drugs that have regulatory effects on diseases were predicted by modular methods and drug target *** The study found that 67 genes continued to increase in the HBV-HCC ***,366 overlapping genes in the module network participated in multiple functional *** could be presumed that these genes and their interactions play an important role in the relationship between inflammation and ***,significant crosstalk constructed a module level bridge for HBV-HCC molecular *** the other hand,a series of non-coding RNAs and transcription factors that have potential pivot regulatory effects on HBV and HCC were *** them,some of the regulators also had persistent disorders in the process of HBV-HCC including microRNA-192,microRNA-215,and microRNA-874,and early growth response 2,FOS,and Kruppel-like factor ***,the study concluded that these pivots are the key bridge molecules outside the *** but not least,a variety of drugs that may have some potential pharmacological or toxic side effects on HBV-induced HCC were predicted,but their mechanisms still need to be further *** The results sugges

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Molecular linkage Transcription factors non-coding RNA

EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION AS A bridge TO CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION

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EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION AS A BRIDGE TO CARDIAC T...

Rolling Fatigue Test of Large-Sized UHPC Member for Cable Stayed bridge

中华医学会第七次全国胸心血管外科学术会议暨2007中华医学会胸心血管外科青年医师论坛

作者： Eric J．Lehr division of Cardiac Surgery University of Alberta Canada

Introduction:Cardiac transplantation is a definitive treatment for end-stage heart *** allograft supply prevents some patients with critical heart failure from surviving until a suitable donor heart becomes available. Mechanical circulatory support may permit critically ill patients to be optimized and to sustain potential cardiac transplant recipients while they await a donor *** report our experience with extracorporeal membrane

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第10期4卷 646-654页

作者： Jeong-Rae Cho Young Jin Kim Jong Sup Park Eun Suk Choi Won Jong Chin Structural Engineering Research division Korea Institute of Construction Technology Republic of Korea

Recently, research strives to apply Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) to large-sized structures owing to its remarkable mechanical performance and durability compared to normal concrete. The Korea Institute of Construction Technology proposed Superbridge800, an edge girder type UHPC cable stayed bridge with central span of 800 m, through its detailed design. The bridge is designed to be erected through the connection of precast UHPC segments. The precast UHPC segment is monolithically composed of one ribbed deck slab and edge girders at each side. The connection between the precast segments is achieved by steel bars at the edge girders and by UHPC cast-in-place wet joint at the slab. Despite of the outstanding mechanical performance of UHPC, the fabrication of large-sized members is a difficult task since UHPC hardens faster than normal concrete and requires a special curing process. Therefore, the constructability of large-sized UHPC segment should be secured to achieve Superbridge800. Besides, the performance of the connection between segments should also be guaranteed, especially in terms of the fatigue performance of the UHPC cast-in-place joint, which constitutes a weak point. To that goal, two half-scaled UHPC segments are manufactured and the constructability is examined by fabricating a large-sized UHPC member connected with respect to the design conditions. This study conducts rolling fatigue test on the so-fabricated large-sized UHPC member. Rolling fatigue test is carried out up to 2 million cycles considering actual vehicle load at each center and quarter points of the member. The test results confirm that the service limit state is satisfied.

关键词： UHPC Cable Stayed bridge Rolling Fatigue Test Large-Sized UHPC Member

Development of an Aerial Robot That Has Multifunctional Locomotion Modes with Tilted Coaxial Rotors

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Development of an Aerial Robot That Has Multifunctional Loco...

Evaluating concrete casting tasks through ergonomic risk assessment methods

第37届中国控制会议

作者： Xiongshi Xu Keigo Watanabe Isaku Nagai division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Okayama University

Nowadays, drones have been highly paid attention to applications in many fields, such as air transport of goods, information gathering when a disaster occurred, aerial photographing, pesticide spraying, and so on. However, since a conventional drone is difficult to maintain a stable flight in the vicinity of buildings, the application to special proximity inspections such as wall surface and bridge surface is restricted. Also, all of the rotors in conventional drones are fixed to the airframe, so that any attitude change of the aircraft occurs when it flies all around. Therefore, we propose a multifunctional aerial robot with tilted coaxial rotors, which can keep the airframe so as not to be tilted in flying mode, and is also capable of traveling omnidirectionally both on the ground and wall so as to be applied to a special vicinity inspection, where the robot has four passive casters and two-tilted coaxial rotors.

关键词： Coaxial rotor Tilt mechanism Multifunctional locomotion modes

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Evaluating concrete casting tasks through ergonomic risk ass...

Rotation of Biological Cells:Fundamentals and Applications

第十七届国际工效学大会暨中国人类工效学会成立20周年庆祝大会

作者： Romuald Rwamamara division of Architecture and Infrastructure Lule University of Technology

Many of those working on construction sites are exposed to demanding work loads;construction workers lift and carry heavy loads and work in awkward work *** injuries and accidents due to poor ergonomics are more common in the construction *** the decreasing trend of work-related injuries reported in the last seven years,musculoskeletal injuries are still the most common injury in the Swedish construction industry(65% of all cases).In Sweden,it is reported that concrete workers have the highest relative work-related musculoskeletal injury *** aim of the study presented in this paper is to find practical methods to evaluate and compare different production methods from an ergonomic *** study focused on the production of cast-in-place concrete bridge constructions where traditional concrete casting method is compared with the SCC(Self-Compacting concrete) casting *** identify work-related musculoskeletal injury risks due to concrete casting work tasks,QEC(Quick Exposure Check for musculoskeletal risks) and PLIBEL(Checklist for identification for Ergonomics Hazards) methods were *** study results have shown that industrialized concrete casting(***-compacting concrete(SCC) casting) has an ergonomic advantage over the traditional concrete casting as the SCC casting does not require concrete vibration and awkward work postures that goes along with *** risks analysis methods QEC and PLIBEL have both shown capabilities to evaluate construction work activities and thus determine whether a construction work activity constitutes a musculoskeletal risk to the worker or not before any ergonomic intervention is introduced.

关键词： work-related musculoskeletal construction industry concrete casting concrete workers ergonomic risk assessment

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Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 110-126页

作者： Tao Tang Yoichiroh Hosokawa Takeshi Hayakawa Yo Tanaka Weihua Li Ming Li Yaxiaer Yalikun division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyNara 630-0192Japan Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya UniversityAichi 464-8603Japan Department of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Osaka 565-0871Japan School of Mechanical MaterialsMechatronicand Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia School of Engineering Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

Cell rotation is one of the most important techniques for cell manipulation in modern bioscience,as it not only permits cell observation from any arbitrary angle,but also simplifies the procedures for analyzing the mechanical properties of cells,characterizing cell physiology,and performing *** approaches have been reported for rotating cells in a wide range of academic and industrial *** them,the most popular are micro-robot-based direct contact manipulation and field-based non-contact methods(e.g.,optical,magnetic,electric,acoustic,and hydrodynamic methods).This review first summarizes the fundamental mechanisms,merits,and demerits of these six main groups of approaches,and then discusses their differences and limitations in *** aim to bridge the gap between each method and illustrate the development progress,current advances,and prospects in the field of cell rotation.

关键词： Cell rotation Cell reorientation Micromanipulation Microfluidics