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Belowground Tritrophic Food Chain Modulates Soil Respiration in Grasslands

Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 114-123页

作者： Andrey S.ZAITSEV Klaus BIRKHOFER Klemens EKSCHMITT Volkmar WOLTERS Institute of Animal Ecology Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen Department of Ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg

Edaphic biota significantly affects several essential ecological functions such as C-storage, nutrient turnover, and ***, it is not completely understood how belowground animal contribution to these functions changes in grasslands subject to different land use types. A microcosm experiment was carried out to test the effect of a tritrophic food chain on CO_2 release from grassland soils. Soil was collected from three differently managed grassland systems(meadow, pasture, and mown pasture) located in three distinct German regions that cover a north-south gradient of approximately 500 km. The tritrophic food chain comprised natural edaphic microflora, nematodes, and predatory gamasid mites. The experimental design involved a full factorial combination of the presence and absence of nematodes and gamasid mites. Nematodes significantly increased the CO_2 emissions in most treatments,but the extent of this effect varied with land use type. The fact that grazing by nematodes stimulated the metabolic activity of the edaphic microflora over a wide range of grassland soils highlighted the critical impact of the microfauna on ecosystem services associated with soil organic matter dynamics. Gamasids slightly amplified the effect of nematodes on microbial metabolic activity,but only in the pastures. This effect was most probably due to the control of nematode abundance. The fact that gamasid addition also augmented the impact of environmental conditions on nematode-induced modulation of soil respiration highlighted the need for including land use differences while evaluating soil fauna contribution to soil processes. To conclude, the differential response of the investigated tritrophic food chain to different grassland management systems suggests that adverse effects of land use intensification on important soil processes such as atmospheric C-release could potentially be reduced by using management methods that preserve essential features of the belowground fo

关键词： CO_2 emission land use microcosm nematodes predatory mites soil fauna soil food webs

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Impact of crystalline and amorphous iron-and aluminum hydroxides on mechanisms of phosphate adsorption and desorption

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第8期30卷 175-189页

作者： Stella Gypser Florian Hirsch Anja M.Schleicher Dirk Freese brandenburg university of technology cottbus-senftenberg Faculty of Environment Process Engineering Biotechnology and Chemistry Department of Soil Protection and Recultivation brandenburg university of technology cottbus-senftenberg Faculty of Environment Process Engineering Biotechnology and Chemistry Department of Geopedology and Landscape Development German Research Centre for Geosciences Section 3.1 Inorganic and Isotope Geochchemistry

Fourier-transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopic experiments were carried out during phosphate adsorption on highly crystalline gibbsite, poorly crystalline 2-line-ferrihydrite and amorphous iron–aluminum–hydroxide mixtures in the molar ratio 1：0, 10：1, 5：1, 1：1, 1：5, 1：10 and 0：1. The OH stretching vibrational bands were utilized to analyze changes in structural and surface OH groups during adsorption, because the position of characteristic P／O vibrational bands can shift depending on reaction conditions, pH or adsorbed phosphate *** and desorption kinetics were studied at pH6 and different initial phosphate concentrations to achieve varying phosphate coverage on the mineral surfaces. For gibbsite the formation of AlHPO4 and Al2HPO4 can be assumed, while for ferrihydrite, a FeHPO4 or Fe2PO4 complex and the precipitation of FePO4 with longer equilibration time were ***2HPO4 or a Fe2PO4 surface complex was deduced for Fe-hydroxides, an AlH2PO4 surface complex was identified for Al-hydroxide, and both displayed either hydrogen bonds to neighboring hydroxyl groups or hydrogen bonds to outer-sphere complexes. Fe：Al-hydroxide mixtures with high Al ratios showed a low phosphate desorption rate, while ferrihydrite and the Fe：Al-hydroxide mixtures with high Fe ratios had almost negligible desorption rates. It was concluded that within the weakly associated amorphous FeO（OH） materials, FePO4 precipitated, which was bound by outer-sphere hydrogen bonds. With high Al ratios, desorption increased, which indicated weaker phosphate binding of both inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexes and hence, either no or minor quantities of precipitate. Ferrihydrite showed a more rigid structure and a lower extent of precipitation compared to amorphous Fe-hydroxide.

关键词： Phosphate Adsorption Desorption Surface complexation Precipitation FT-IR

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Influence of increasing numbers of RE-inverters on the powerquality in the distribution grids： A PQ case study of arepresentative wind turbine and photovoltaic system

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第2期11卷 155-167页

作者： Przemyslaw JANIK Grzegorz KOSOBUDZKI Harald SCHWARZ brandenburg university of technology 01968 Cottbus-SenflenbergGermany Department of Electrical Engineering Wroclaw University of Scienceand Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland Department for Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Brandenburg University of Technology 01968 Cottbus-SenftenbergGermany

This paper presents the selected power quality (PQ) indicia of a wind generator and a photovoltaic installation considered to be the representative of medium voltage and low voltage distribution grids. The analysis of measured values suggests that the decrease in PQ is a case of specific combination of distributed generation, grid parameters and load behaviour. Modern generators have a limited impact on PQ. On the other hand, fluctuations in power generation are regarded as an emerging PQ indicator. The growing number of distributed renewable installations causes stochastic, variable, and hardly predictable power flows in the distribution grid. The nature of fluctuations in wind and solar generation is different. In both cases, new indexes for the quantification of fluctuations are needed and are yet not standardised. Proper assessment of these fluctuations enables definition of useful fluctuation limits and rules for optimal storage system integration.

关键词： power quality harmonics sags photovoltaic(PV) system doubly feed induction generator (DFIG) inverters

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Phosphorus release from vivianite and hydroxyapatite by organic and inorganic compounds

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Pedosphere 2020年第2期30卷 190-200页

作者： Stella GYPSER Dirk FREESE brandenburg university of technology cottbus-senftenberg Faculty of EnvironmentProcess EngineeringBiotechnology and ChemistryDepartment of Soil Protection and RecultivationKonrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6Cottbus 03046Germany

Based on recent mining rates and the exhaustion of global phosphorus(P)reserves,there is a need to mobilize P already stored in soils,and its recovery from secondary resources such as Ca-and Fe-phosphates is *** Ca-phosphate hydroxyapatite forms a good fertilizer source,while vivianite is formed in waterlogged soils and *** sludge treatment,the formation of vivianite has been identified,being mainly ***-term P release from both hydroxyapatite and vivianite was studied using different inorganic(CaCl2 and CaSO4)and organic(citric and humic acid)reagents during batch *** CaCl2 and CaSO4 represent the soil solution,while citric and humic acids as organic constituents affect P availability in the rhizosphere and during the process of ***,the flow-through reactor(FTR)technique with an infinite sink was used to study the long-term P release *** cumulative P release was higher by organic acids than by inorganic *** cumulative P release rates were higher in the FTR with CaCl2 as compared to the batch *** infinite sink application caused a continuously high concentration gradient between the solid and liquid phases,leading to higher desorption rates as compared to the batch *** predominant amount of the total P released over time was available for a short *** inorganic anion exchange occurred at easily available binding sites,organic acids affected the more heavily available binding sites,which could be embedded within the mineral *** results showed that organic compounds,especially citric acid,play a superior role as compared to the inorganic constituents of the soil solution during the recovery of already stored P from the tertiary phosphates vivianite and hydroxyapatite.

关键词： anion exchange batch technique citric acid flow-through reactor humic acid ligand exchange phosphate phosphorus recovery

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Hydrogel-based materials as antibacterial agents and super adsorbents for the remediation of emerging pollutants:A comprehensive review

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 46-67页

作者： Shabnam Ahmadi Sina Pourebrahimi Alhadji Malloum Majid Pirooz Christian Osagie Soumya Ghosh Muhammad Nadeem Zafar Mohammad Hadi Dehghani Department of Environmental Health Engineering Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityPO Box 14115-111TehranIran Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecH4B 1R6Canada Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MarouaPO Box 46MarouaCameroon Department of Chemistry University of the Free StatePO Box 3399300BloemfonteinSouth Africa Research and Development Division Pad Jam Polymer Development Company(PJPC)and Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Isfahan81746-73441IsfahanIran Stochastics and Its Applications Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergPlatz der Deutschen Einheit 103046CottbusGermany Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of NizwaNizwa616Oman Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat50700GujratPakistan Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Center for Solid Waste Research Institute for Environmental ResearchTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Hydrogels have various potential applications due to their unique characteristics and recently,hydrogels have been utilized as adsorbents in wastewater treatment because of their ability to remove contaminants from *** strong hydrogels with high adsorption capabilities is crucial for effective wastewater *** and researchers are working to improve the properties of hydrogels by incorporating inorganic elements into polymer networks,which further reduces the costs as well as simplifies their *** polymers like starch and alginate are widespread due to their economic and biological advantages,such as biodegradability,biocompatibility,reduced toxicity,environmental friendliness,and low *** adsorption of pollutants onto hydrogels as well as their use as antimicrobial agents has garnered significant *** review paper summarizes the latest studies on using hydrogels as adsorbents to remove endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),persistent organic pollutants(POPs),and other emerging pollutants from water environments along with their use as antimicrobial *** the first step,different classes of hydrogels and different characterization techniques have been *** antimicrobial potential of hydrogels is elaborated to understand how these hydrogels can be a potential candidate for such *** discussing the adsorption application of hydrogels,different isothermal,kinetics and thermodynamics models have been discussed to highlight the mechanism and nature of forces involved in adsorption of *** different simulations such as DFT and MD have been discussed to get more holistic understanding of pollutants adsorption onto hydrogels.A limited number of studies have utilized other techniques such as Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)so it is important to explore a variety of computational methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the adsorption process o

关键词： Hydrogel Emerging pollutant Adsorption Water and wastewater Monte Carlo simulations Antimicrobial activity

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Location-based prediction model for Crohn’s disease regarding a novel serological marker,anti-chitinase 3-like 1 autoantibodies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第42期29卷 5728-5750页

作者： Nora Sipeki Patricia Julianna Kovats Claudia Deutschmann Peter Schierack Dirk Roggenbuck Maria Papp Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen H-4032Hungary Kálmán Laki Doctoral School Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecen H-4032Hungary Institute of Biotechnology Faculty Environment and Natural SciencesBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergSenftenberg 01968Germany Faculty of Health Sciences brandenburg Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergSenftenberg 01968Germany Medipan GmbH&GA Generic Assays GmbH Dahlewitz-Berlin 15827Germany

BACKGROUND Defective neutrophil regulation in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is thought to play an important role in the onset or manifestation of IBD,as it could lead to damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier by the infiltration of neutrophils in the inflamed mucosa and the accumulation of *** neutrophils in the context of innate immune responses,immunoglobulin A(IgA)as an acquired immune response partakes in the defense of the intestinal *** normal conditions,IgA contributes to the elimination of microbes,but in connection with the loss of tolerance to chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3L1)in IBD,IgA could participate in CHI3L1-mediated improved adhesion and invasion of potentially pathogenic *** tolerance brake to CHI3L1 and the occurrence of IgA autoantibodies to this particular target,the exact role and underlying mechanisms of CHI3L1 in the pathogenesis of IBD are still *** To determine the predictive potential of Ig subtypes of a novel serological marker,anti-CHI3L1 autoantibodies(aCHI3L1)in determining the disease phenotype,therapeutic strategy and long-term disease course in a prospective referral cohort of adult IBD *** Sera of 257 Crohn’s disease(CD)and 180 ulcerative colitis(UC)patients from a tertiary IBD referral center of Hungary(Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Medicine,university of Debrecen)were assayed for IgG,IgA,and secretory IgA(sIgA)type aCHI3L1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant CHI3L1,along with 86 healthy controls(HCONT).RESULTS The IgA type was more prevalent in CD than in UC(29.2%vs 11.1%)or HCONT(2.83%;P<0.0001 for both).However,sIgA subtype aCHI3L1 positivity was higher in both CD and UC patients than in HCONT(39.3%and 32.8%vs 4.65%,respectively;P<0.0001).The presence of both IgA and sIgA aCHI3L1 antibodies was associated with colonic involvement(P<0.0001 and P=0.038,respectively)in patients with *** disease behavior a

关键词： Chitinase 3-like 1 autoantibodies Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Disease progression Immunoglobulin subtypes Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Procedure for Delisting a Site From the World Heritage List： Is Delisting With Consent or Against the Wish of a State Party Possible？

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2015年第1期3卷 15-21页

作者： Eike Albrecht Benedicte Gaillard brandenburg university of technology cottbus-senftenberg Cottbus Germany

As of 2015 （UNESCO, 2015）, the over-40-year-old Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage （1972） has been ratified by 191 nations, making it a universal and internationally recognised instrument for the protection of cultural and natural heritage. In the meantime, 1007 World Heritage Sites have been inscribed on the World Heritage List （as of February 2015） and two sites have been delisted. This paper discusses the delisting procedure of a site from the World Heritage List based on the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention （henceforth OG）. First of all, the question of the possibility to delist a site from the World Heritage List, in general, is addressed. And based on this discussion, the necessity of the consent of the State Party to the WHC on whose territory the site to be delisted is located is then examined.

关键词： World Heritage Site delisting World Heritage in Danger Dresden Elbe Valley cultural landscape World Heritage Convention (WHC) World Heritage Committee Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the WHC (OG)

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Integrated energy in Germany-A critical look at the development and state of integrated energies in Germany

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第4期12卷 493-500页

作者： Saman AMANPOUR Daniel HUCK Mark KUPRAT Harald SCHWARZ Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Faculty 3Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergCottbus 03013Germany

In the face of global warming and a scarcity of resources, future energy systems are urged to undergo a major and radical transformation. The recognition of the need to embrace renewable energy technologies and to move toward decarbonization has led to significant changes in the German energy generation, consumption and infrastructure. Ambitious German national plans to decrease carbon dioxide emissions on one side, and the unpredictable and volatile nature of renewable energy sources on the other side have elevated the importance of integrated energies in recent years. The deployment of integrated technologies as a solution to interlink various infrastructures creates opportunities for increasing the reliability of energy systems, minimizing environmental impacts and maximizing the share of renewable resources. This paper discusses the role of integrated energy systems in supporting of sustainable solutions for future energy transitions. Moreover, the reinforcement of this movement with the help of different technologies will be discussed and the development of integrated energy systems in Germany will be reviewed.

关键词： integrated energy renewable energies energy transition power-to-gas power-to-heat power-to-mobility energy storage

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Long-Term Release of Iron-Cyanide Complexes from the Soils of a Manufactured Gas Plant Site

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第11期4卷 8-19页

作者： Magdalena Sut Thomas Fischer Frank Repmann Thomas Raab Central Analytical Laboratory Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Cottbus Germany Department of Geopedology and Landscape Development Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Cottbus Germany Department of Soil Protection and Recultivation Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Cottbus Germany

Iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes have been detected at Manufactured Gas Plant sites (MGP) worldwide. The risk of groundwater contamination depends mainly on the dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide. In order to design effective remediation strategies, it is relevant to understand the contaminant’s fate and transport in soil, and to quantify and mathematically model a release rate. The release of iron-cyanide complexes from four contaminated soils, originating from the former MGP in cottbus, has been studied by using a column experiment. Results indicated that long-term cyanide (CN) release is governed by two phases: one readily dissolved and one strongly fixed. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to investigate the driving mechanisms for the ferric ferrocyanide release. Applying the isotherm equations assumed an approach by which two phases were separate in time, whereas the multiple first order equation considered simultaneous occurrence of both cyanide pools. Results indicated varying CN release rates according to the phase and soil. According to isotherm and kinetic models, the long-term iron cyanide release from the MGP soils is a complex phenomenon driven by various mechanisms parallely involving desorption, diffusion and transport processes. Phase I (rapid release) is presumably mainly constrained by the transport process of readily dissolved iron-cyanide complexes combined with desorption of CN bound to reactive heterogeneous surfaces that are in direct contact with the aqueous phase (outer-sphere complexation). Phase II (limited rate) is presumably driven by the diffusion controlled processes involving dissolution of precipitated ferric ferrocyanide from the mineral or inner-sphere complexation of ferricyanides. CN release rates in phase I and II were mainly influenced by the pH, organic matter (OM) and the total CN content. The cyanide release rates increased with increasing pH, decreased with low initial CN concentration and were retarded by the

关键词： Prussian Blue Elovich Equation Freundlich Equation Parabolic Diffusion Equation Multiple First Order Equation

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Explainable artificial intelligence and interpretable machine learning for agricultural data analysis

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 257-265页

作者： Masahiro Ryo Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Eberswalder Str.8415374 MünchebergGermany brandenburg university of technology cottbus–senftenberg Platz der Deutschen Einheit 103046 CottbusGermany

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have been increasingly applied for prediction in agricultural ***,many models are typically black boxes,meaning we cannot explain what the models learned from the data and the reasons behind *** address this issue,I introduce an emerging subdomain of artificial intelligence,explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),and associated toolkits,interpretable machine *** study demonstrates the usefulness of several methods by applying them to an openly available *** dataset includes the no-tillage effect on crop yield relative to conventional tillage and soil,climate,and management *** analysis discovered that no-tillage management can increase maize crop yield where yield in conventional tillage is<5000 kg/ha and the maximum temperature is higher than 32°.These methods are useful to answer(i)which variables are important for prediction in regression/classification,(ii)which variable interactions are important for prediction,(iii)how important variables and their interactions are associated with the response variable,(iv)what are the reasons underlying a predicted value for a certain instance,and(v)whether different machine learning algorithms offer the same answer to these questions.I argue that the goodness of model fit is overly evaluated with model performance measures in the current practice,while these questions are *** and interpretable machine learning can enhance trust and explainability in AI.

关键词： Interpretable machine learning Explainable artificial intelligence Agriculture Crop yield No-tillage XAI

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