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Carbon isotope reversal of desorbed gas in Longmaxi shale of Jiaoshiba area,Sicuhan Basin

Petroleum Research 2017年第2期2卷 169-177页

作者： Hua Qin Xiaojun Fan Ming Liu Jingyu Hao Bo Liang Sinopec exploration branch company Sichuan 610041China

Through analysis of components and carbon isotope compositions of gas desorbed from shale cores,the carbon isotope reversal phenomenon in the shale gas from the Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Jiaoshiba area in Sichuan Basin were well *** showed that compared with the wellhead gas,the desorbed gas from Longmaxi shale had significantly more wet components and more heavy carbon isotope values;carbon isotope values of each component became heavier with the desorption time,δ^(13)C_(1)values of different samples had maximum positive variations of 12.3-23.9‰,butδ^(13)C_(2)values only had maximum positive variations of 0.8e2.3‰,indicating carbon isotope values of methane changed more obviously than that of heavy *** above results were consistent with previous results of shale core desorption experiments carried out by other *** gas in strata might have no carbon isotope reversal,and the phenomenon thatδ^(13)C_(1)values changed more significantly thanδ^(13)C_(2)values during the core desorption was not caused by diffusion rate differences among different components,but mainly due to different desorption stages of methane and ethane,i.e.,the ethane was in its early desorption stage while the methane was in its later desorption stage;during the production process,phase differences among different components of alkane gas and differences in the desorption stages induced by adsorption,could be the major cause for total reversal of carbon isotopes of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation,but it also could not excluded that mixture of kerogen cracking gas and crude oil cracking gas probably had a partial or more major contribution to the carbon isotope reversal.

关键词： Carbon isotope reversal Gas component Desorbed gas Shale gas Longmaxi Formation Jiaoshiba area

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On the development mechanism of the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks of Chang 91 member in Ordos Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第z2期50卷 39-46页

作者： ZHANG WenZheng YANG Hua FU SuoTang ZAN ChuanLi Institute of exploration Development and Research of PetroChina Company Limited Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi'an 710021 China PetroChina Company Limited Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi'an 710021 China Institute of Exploration Development and Research of PetroChina Company Limited Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi'an 710021 China Institute of Exploration Development and Research of PetroChina Company Limited Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi'an 710021 China

As revealed from recent drilling and organic geochemical testing and research, a series of lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks was discovered in the upper section of the Chang 9 oil reservoir member of upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon source rocks show average TOC content as high as 5.03%, average bitumen "A" content as high as 0.8603%, and good quality organic precursors, which are of the sapropelic type mainly derived from lower aquatic plants and have reached the thermal evolution stage featured by oil-producing climax. Generally the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks were developed in local depressions of a lake basin, and the Chang 91 member was particularly formed in a depositional environment characterized by fresh water to weakly saline water, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing setting and semi-deep lake facies, as was demonstrated by a variety of organic to inorganic geochemical parameters. As a result, high productivity constitutes the principal controlling force for generation of this series of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Deposition of thinly-bedded and laminated tuffs as well as positive Eu anomaly corroborate the possible occurrence of anoxic geological event closely related to contemporaneous volcanic eruption, which would play a key part in development of the Chang 91 member of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks.

关键词： Ordos Basin, terrestrial lake basin, high-grade hydrocarbon source rock, high productivity, geological event

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Geological Features and Reservoiring Mode of Shale Gas Reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba Area

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1811-1821页

作者： GUO Xusheng HU Dongfeng LI Yuping LIU Ruobing WANG Qingbo exploration Southern company SINOPEC

This study is based on the sedimentation conditions, organic geochemistry, storage spaces, physical properties, lithology and gas content of the shale gas reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba area and the gas accumulation mode is summarized and then compared with that in northern America. The shale gas reservoirs in the Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba have good geological conditions, great thickness of quality shales, high organic content, high gas content, good physical properties, suitable depth, good preservation conditions and good reservoir types. The quality shales at the bottom of the deep shelf are the main target interval for shale gas exploration and development. Shale gas in the Longmaxi Formation has undergone three main reservoiring stages：the early stage of hydrocarbon generation and compaction when shale gas reservoirs were first formed; the middle stage of deep burial and large-scale hydrocarbon generation, which caused the enrichment of reservoirs with shale gas; the late stage of uplift, erosion and fracture development when shale gas reservoirs were finally formed.

关键词： reservoiring mode shale gas Jiaoshiba area gas reservoir features Longmaxi Formation Sichuan Basin

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Geochemical-Sequence Stratigraphy and Its Application Prospects in Lake Basins

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2003年第2期22卷 164-172页

作者：李美俊纪云龙胡礼国 China University of Geosciences exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe branch company PetroChina

As a useful approach for hydrocarbon exploration, the sequence stratigraphy has been commonly accepted. The concepts of sequence and parasequence provide a state-of-the-artframework for studying the distribution and characters of depositional system, and analyzing the occurrence, distribution, characteristics of source, reservoir and seal-play elements. The newly-developed geochemical-sequence stratigraphy focuses mainly on the occurrence, distribution and characters of source rocks and reservoir hydrocarbons within a chronostratigraphic framework. Integrated with sequence stratigraphy, geochemistry can be used to study the source rock potential within a sequence stratigraphic framework and to describe the characteristics of hydrocarbons accumulated in reservoirs, which were predicted by way of sequence stratigraphy. The concept of geochemical-sequence stratigraphy was proposed by Peters et al. (2000). Constructing a reliable sequence stratigraphic framework is the basis of geochemical-sequence stratigraphic study although it is not the main goal. High-resolution biomarker analysis is critical to the construction of a geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model. The geochemical-stratigraphic study involves mainly: (1) the distribution and geochemical characteristics of source rocks within a sequence chronostratigraphic framework; (2) the geochemical features of source rocks with relative sea (lake)-level change; (3) to predict if these reservoirs bear hydrocarbons and their geochemical features; (4) to be used to construct the time-stratigraphic framework. This paper also summarizes the lake basin types, and introduces their facies associations, source potential and organic geochemical features. At the end, the authors offer some suggestions about how to carry out geochemical-sequence stratigraphic study in lacustrine strata.

关键词：地球化学地层序列碳氢化合物勘探沉积作用年代地层框架化学地层学

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Evaluation of Highly Thermally Mature Shale-Gas Reservoirs in Complex Structural Parts of the Sichuan Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第6期24卷 863-873页

作者：郭彤楼 SINOPEC exploration Southern company

Successful exploration and development of shale-gas in the United States and Canada suggest a new solution to the energy problem in China. The Longmaxi （~1~） Formation in the Si- chuan （[~）1[） Basin is regarded as a strong potential play for shale-gas with the following significant features：（1） complex structural types caused by multiphase tectonic superposition and reconstruction; （2） varied slippage processes that enhance porosity and permeability; （3） high thermal maturation of organic matter （Ro〉2.5%）; （4） high brittle mineral contents; （5） high and constant thicknesses of shale horizons within the formation. Evaluation of shale-gas prospects in this area should consider not only hydrocarbon parameters, but also preservation conditions and structural stability. Data from several new exploration wells in the Sichuan Basin indicate that tectonically induced net-shaped fractures ef- fectively enhance shale reservoir properties. Structural types providing favorable storage conditions for shale-gas are described and evaluated. The high-yielding shale gas reservoir shares the same characte- ristics of conventional gas reservoirs except for its consubstantial source rock and reservoir in South China.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longmaxi Formation high thermal maturity shale-gas.

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Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Natural Gas in the Xinchang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2200-2213页

作者： WU Xiaoqi LIU Quanyou LIU Guangxiang WANG Ping LI Huaji MENG Qingqiang CHEN Yingbin ZENG Huasheng Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPEC Petroleum exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPEC exploration and Development Research Institute Southwest Branch CompanySINOPEC

The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane （88.99%-98.01%）, and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma＇antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.

关键词： natural gas geochemical characteristics genetic types Xinchang gas field western Sichuan Basin

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A History of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Upgrading at BP-from Catalyst Screening Studies to Full Scale Demonstration in Alaska

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2006年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： John P. Collins Joep J. H. M. Font Freide Barry Nay BP exploration America Inc. BP exploration Operating company

Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as premium diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carried out in dedicated micro-reactors and pilot plants, whose designs are critical to the performance selection. Variation in catalyst composition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios with the operating temperature are a few of the parameters studied. Product selection and maximizing diesel yield combined with stability （catalyst life） were the ultimate drivers. The selected catalyst was then tested under commercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day demonstration plant. The products were also tested in engines to assess their combustion characteristics.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch wax upgrading hydrocracking synthetic crude diesel naphtha engine emission

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Mechanism of gas-water flow at pore-level in aquifer gas storage

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第12期20卷 3620-3626页

作者：石磊王皆明廖广志熊伟高树生 Langfang branch PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development exploration and Development company CNPC Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

By means of the pore-level simulation, the characteristics of gas-water flow and gas-water distribution during the alternative displacement of gas and water were observed directly from etched-glass micromodel. The results show that gas-water distribution styles are divided into continuous phase type and separate phase type. The water lock exists in pore and throat during the process of gas-water displacement, and it reduces the gas flow-rate and has some effects on the recovery efficiency during the operation of gas storage. According to the experimental results of aquifer gas storage in X area, the differences in available extent among reservoirs are significant, and the availability of pore space is 33% 45%.

关键词： aquifer gas storage gas-water flow injection-withdrawal cycle etched-glass micromodel water lock

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Forming mechanism of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Yingshan Formation of Yuqi block in Akekule arch,Tarim Basin

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2008年第2期15卷 244-250页

作者：旷理雄郭建华黄太柱 School of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering Central South University Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development of SINOPEC Northwest branch company

The reservoir conditions,oil and gas charge history and accumulation phases were studied for Yingshan Formation of Yuqi block,and an oil and gas accumulation model was established by using the techniques of reservoir prediction,fluorescence thin section and fluid inclusion analysis under the guidance of the theories of oil and gas *** results indicate that the main rock types in Yingshan Formation are micrite and *** carbonate reservoirs are of cave,fracture-pore and fracture types,and their physical properties are intermediate;there are at least four oil/gas charges,*** Hercynian,Yanshanian,early Himalayan and middle Himalayan(Cenozoic).The most important charge periods are late Hercynian,early Himalayan and middle Himalayan;the oil and gas accumulation model is self source-lateral expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation,or hydrocarbon sourced from and preserved in the same old rocks-long term expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation.

关键词： reservoir oil and gas charge accumulation model Yingshan Formation Akekule arch northern Tarim Basin

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The Wellbore Temperature and Pressure Behavior during the Flow Testing of Ultra-Deepwater Gas Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第11期20卷 2523-2540页

作者： Xingbin Zhao Neng Yang Hao Liang Mingqiang Wei Benteng Ma Dongling Qiu exploration Department CNOOC China Limited Shanghai Branch CompanyShanghai200335China Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China exploration and Development Department CNOOC China Limited Hainan Branch CompanyHaikou570300China

The transientflow testing of ultra-deepwater gas wells is greatly impacted by the low temperatures of seawater encountered over extended *** leads to a redistribution of temperature within the wellbore,which in turn influences theflow *** accurately predict such a temperature distribution,in this study a comprehensive model of theflowing temperature and pressurefields is *** model is based on principles offluid mechanics,heat transfer,mass conservation,and energy conservation and relies on the Runge-Kutta method for accurate integration in time of the resulting *** analysis includes the examination of the influence of various factors,such as gasflow production rate,thermal diffusivity of the formation,and thermal diffusivity of seawater,on the temperature and pressure profiles of the *** keyfindings can be summarized as follows:*** production rates during testing lead to increasedflowing temperatures and decreased pressures within the ***,in the presence of a seawater thermocline,a crossover inflowing temperature is *** increase in wellbore pressure is associated with larger pipe *** thermal diffusivity of the formation results in more rapid heat transfer from the wellbore to the formation,which causes lowerflowing temperatures within the *** an isothermal layer,higher thermal diffusivity of seawater leads to increased wellboreflowing ***,in thermocline and mixed layer segments,lower temperatures are *** test data from a representative deep-water gas well in the South China Sea,used to calculate the bottom-seafloor-wellhead temperature and pressurefields across three operating modes,indicate that the average error in temperature prediction is 2.18%,while the average error in pressure prediction is 5.26%,thereby confirming the reliability of the theoretical model.

关键词： Ultra-deepwater gas well wellboreflowing temperature-pressure profile heat transfer production testing

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