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blood F_2-isoprostanes are significantly associated with abnormalities of lipid status in rats with steatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第29期14卷 4677-4683页

作者： Man-Jie Zhu Li-Juan Sun Yue-Qin Liu Yan-Ling Feng Hai-Tao Tong Ying-He Hu Zheng Zhao Laboratory of Pharmacology Institute of Brain Functional Genomics East China Normal University Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics MOE & STCSM Shanghai 200062 China Department of Pathology Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai 201508 China

AIM: To investigate oxidative stress and lipid peroxi-dation in hepatic steatosis and the underlying implica-tions in pathological mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: F_2-isoprostanes (iPF2α-) in blood and liver samples from steatotic (n = 9) and control (n = 7) rats were measured as in vivo marker of lipid peroxida-tion by a mass spectrometric approach. The lipid pro-fi le and endogenous antioxidant status (SOD and CAT) in the rats were also analyzed. RESULTS: Signifi cantly higher levels of iPF2α-(mean 3.47 vs 2.40 pmol/mg tissue, P = 0.004) and lower activities of SOD (mean 1.26 U vs 1.40 U, P blood lipids as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the rats with simple steatosis, whereas no similar tendencies were observed in the control rats. CONCLUSION: Enhancement of hepatic oxidative imbalance occurring at the steatotic stage of NAFLD suggests a possibility that manifestation of the local ⅢⅢⅢoxidative damage precedes that of systemic oxidative imbalance. Predominant metabolic features of the in-creased lipid peroxidation further suggest a close asso-ciation of the oxidative imbalance and the dyslipidemia with functional deterioration of the steatotic liver. The fi ndings need to be further evaluated, especially in hu-man studies.

关键词： Isoprostanes Oxidative stress Lipid per-oxidation Steatosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Continued development of azithromycin as a neuroprotective therapeutic for the treatment of spinal cord injury and other neurological conditions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 508-509页

作者： Timothy J.Kopper John C.Gensel Spinal Cord and brain Injury Research Center Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)induces a robust inflammatory response largely mediated by resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages across the blood-brain *** these cell populations are capable of promoting repair and regenerative responses,in the days and weeks after SCI they predominately adopt pro-inflammatory profiles known to inhibit recovery and potentiate secondary injury pathways.

关键词： protective injury therapeutic

brain-derived cell-free DNA

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2213-2214页

作者： Dean Southwood Sanyukta Singh Zac Chatterton brain and Mind Center School of Medical SciencesDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia

Following cell death,DNA can be released into the blood plasma and other body fluids in the form of cell-free DNA(cfDNA).These DNA fragments are typically~167 bp in length,corresponding to the length of DNA wrapped around one nucleosome core(147 bp),plus DNA tails that survive endogenous DNase digestion(~10 bp).CfDNA is derived from a variety of sources,each having unique diagnostic *** pregnancy,fetal-derived cfDNA within an expectant mother’s blood plasma can diagnose fetal genetic abnormalities and is a well-established method for non-invasive prenatal ***-derived cfDNA is also detectable within blood plasma by high sensitivity methods(e.g.,NGS,ddPCR)and can accurately diagnose cancers by a minimally invasive blood test(Diehl et al.,2008).The short half-life of cfDNA(brain-derived cfDNA(bd-cfDNA)within the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and blood *** this perspective,we review the present understanding,current challenges,and potential utility of bd-cfDNA.

关键词： fetal mother endogenous

PLASMA RESISTIN LEVELS AND SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN RESISTIN GENE 5 FLANKING REGION IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2007年第1期22卷 27-32页

作者： Xing-jian Lin Ying-dong Zhang Qing-shan Guan Qing Di Jing-ping Shi Wei-guo Liu Department of Neurology Nanjing Brain Hospital Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029

Objective To analyze the role of resistin in insulin resistance (IR) through investigating the variation of plasma resistin levels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in resistin gene 5’ flanking region in stroke *** In 103 atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (ACI) patients, 85 lacunar infarction (LI) patients, 70 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, and 86 healthy controls, plasma resistin and insulin levels were measured by ELISA , SNPs in resistin gene 5’ flanking region were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. The subjects’ body height and weight, the body mass index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), blood pressure, and the concentration of fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were also determined. Results QUICKI was significantly lower in the ACI and ICH patients (0.316±0.037 and 0.309±0.032, respectively) than that in the controls (0.342±0.043, PG and -537A>C SNPs were not significantly different among the different groups, and those SNPs were not correlated with other clinical and biochemical *** Plasma resistin is associated with stroke by participating in the development of IR. The SNPs in resistin gene 5’ flanking region has no impact on the plasma resistin level.

关键词： resistin insulin resistance single-nucleotide polymorphisms stroke

Implications of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling

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Frontiers of Medicine 2010年第1期4卷 43-45页

作者： You ZHOU Chang-Kai SUN Institute for brain Disorders Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China

Normal brain function requires continuous supply of oxygen and glucose in a strict *** close spatial and temporal relationship between neural activity and cerebral bloodﬂow(CBF)is termed as neurovascular coupling,which is dependent or not dependent on *** increase inﬂow evoked by brain activity is mediated by the concerted action of multiple mediators that originate from different cells and act at different levels of the cerebral *** studies are needed for further understanding the precise mechanisms underlying neurovascular coupling,espe-cially the implications of astrocytes.

关键词： cerebral bloodﬂow neurovascular coupling astrocyte

The effects and potential of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells of the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 947-954页

作者： Yi-Ge Wu Li-Juan Song Li-Jun Yin Jun-Jun Yin Qing Wang Jie-Zhong Yu Bao-Guo Xiao Cun-Gen Ma The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineJinzhongShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Zhejiang Chinese Medical University HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School Shanxi Datong UniversityDatongShanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Neurology Huashan HospitalInstitutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system. During the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, stimulatory factors continuously act on the microglia causing abnormal activation and unbalanced phenotypic changes;these events have become a significant and promising area of research. In this review, we summarize the effects of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells in the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Our literature search found that phenotypic changes occur continuously in Alzheimer’s disease and that microglia exhibit extensive crosstalk with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and penetrated peripheral innate immune cells via specific signaling pathways and cytokines. Collectively, unlike previous efforts to modulate microglial phenotypes at a single level, targeting the phenotypes of microglia and the crosstalk with other cells in the central nervous system may be more effective in reducing inflammation in the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease. This would establish a theoretical basis for reducing neuronal death from central nervous system inflammation and provide an appropriate environment to promote neuronal regeneration in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid biomarker central nervous system cytokines diabetes inflammation microglia neuroinflammation phagocytosis tau

Frequency-Resolved Connectome Hubs and Their Test-Retest Reliability in the Resting Human brain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第5期38卷 519-532页

作者： Lei Wang Xiaodan Chen Yuehua Xu Miao Cao Xuhong Liao Yong He State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Beijing Key Laboratory of brain Imaging and Connectomics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China IDG/McGovern Institute for brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Science and Technology for brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and brainInspired Intelligence(Fudan University) Ministry of EducationShanghai 200433China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Chinese Institute for brain Research Beijing 102206China

Functional hubs with disproportionately extensive connectivities play a crucial role in global information integration in human brain ***,most resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(R-fMRI)studies have identified functional hubs by examining spontaneous fluctuations of the blood oxygen level-dependent signal within a typical low-frequency band(e.g.,0.01–0.08 Hz or 0.01–0.1 Hz).Little is known about how the spatial distributions of functional hubs depend on frequency bands of ***,we used repeatedly measured R-fMRI data from 53 healthy young adults and a degree centrality analysis to identify voxelwise frequency-resolved functional hubs and further examined their test-retest reliability across two *** showed that a wide-range frequency band(0.01–0.24 Hz)accessible with a typical sampling rate(fsample=0.5 Hz)could be classified into three frequency bands with distinct patterns,namely,low-frequency(LF,0.01–0.06 Hz),middle-frequency(MF,0.06–0.16 Hz),and high-frequency(HF,0.16–0.24 Hz)*** functional hubs were mainly located in the medial and lateral frontal and parietal cortices in the LF band,and in the medial prefrontal cortex,superior temporal gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,amygdala,and several cerebellar regions in the MF and HF *** hub regions exhibited fair to good test-retest reliability,regardless of the frequency *** presence of the three frequency bands was well replicated using an independent R-fMRI dataset from 45 healthy young *** findings demonstrate reliable frequency-resolved functional connectivity hubs in three categories,thus providing insights into the frequency-specific connectome organization in healthy and disordered brains.

关键词： Connectome Hubs Frequency Degree centrality Test-retest reliability

Military traumatic brain injury:a challenge straddling neurology and psychiatry

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Military Medical Research 2022年第6期9卷 686-704页

作者： Ling-Zhuo Kong Rui-Li Zhang Shao-Hua Hu Jian-Bo Lai Department of Psychiatry the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China the Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310003China brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003China Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health Hangzhou 310003China MOE Frontier Science Center for brain Science and brain-Machine Integration Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China

Military psychiatry, a new subcategory of psychiatry, has become an invaluable, intangible effect of the war. In this review, we begin by examining related military research, summarizing the related epidemiological data, neuropathology, and the research achievements of diagnosis and treatment technology, and discussing its comorbidity and sequelae. To date, advances in neuroimaging and molecular biology have greatly boosted the studies on military traumatic brain injury(TBI). In particular, in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, several preclinical studies have identified abnormal protein accumulation, blood–brain barrier damage, and brain metabolism abnormalities involved in the development of TBI. As an important concept in the field of psychiatry, TBI is based on organic injury, which is largely different from many other mental disorders. Therefore, military TBI is both neuropathic and psychopathic, and is an emerging challenge at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry.

关键词： Shellshock Military Traumatic brain injury Diagnosis Treatment Comorbidity

δ-Opioid receptor as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 20-24页

作者： Kalpana Subedi Hongmin Wang Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for brain and Behavior Research Sanford School of Medicine University of South Dakota

Ischemic stroke is a global epidemic condition due to an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a specific area of brain either by arterial blockage or by narrowing of blood *** having advancement in the use of thrombolytic and clot removal medicine,significant numbers of stroke patients are still left out without option for *** this review,we summarize recent research work on the activation ofδ-opioid receptor as a strategy for treating ischemic stroke-caused neuronal ***,as activation ofδ-opioid receptor by a non-peptidicδ-opioid receptor agonist also modulates the expression,maturation and processing of amyloid precursor protein andβ-secretase activity,the potential role of these effects on ischemic stroke caused dementia or Alzheimer’s disease are also discussed.

关键词： agonist AKT amyloid precursor protein BDNF ischemic stroke neuroprotection δ-opioid receptor p38 MAPK PI3K TrkB