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Community-based knowledge towards rangeland condition, climate change, and adaptation strategies: the case of Afar pastoralists

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 310-322页

作者： Minyahel Tilahun Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe College of agriculture and natural resources Wolkite UniversityGubreiEthiopia botswana university of agriculture and natural resources GaboroneBotswana School of Animal and Range Sciences Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia

Introduction:Pastoral communities have a comprehensive knowledge of their *** knowledge was acquired through extensive observation of the local environment and continuous herding ***’wisdom about their local environment and adaptation strategies to climate change is essential for sustainable ***,appreciation of pastoralists’knowledge about their environment is also important for the integration of indigenous knowledge with the proper application of scientific approach to fit with the prevailing ecological potential of pastoral ***:Data were collected using focus group discussions,key informant interviews,and in-depth *** in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to 100 household heads with the age of above 50 years *** were randomly drawn from selected Pastoralists Associations(PAs)of two study *** were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the logit *** logit model was used to analyze the different coping strategies of pastoralists to overcome the failure of rain during different *** was done by complementing pastoralists’indigenous knowledge of time-series-based analysis across four seasons(Kerma,Gillal,Hagay,and Sugum)*** existing meteorological *** years(from 1971 to 2011)of existing metrological data were used to compare the empirical evidence with pastoralists’***:Respondents mentioned that livestock number was the best indicator for evaluating rangeland condition in Afar *** existing empirical evidence based on metrological data did not show any significant decline in precipitation for the last four decades between 1971 and 2011 as opposed to the perception of pastoralists where 80%of them reported a decline in precipitation.A one unit increase in labor force suggested about 16.1%decrease in the choice of livestock selling as coping strategy in Afar pastoral

关键词： Climate change Adaptation Perception Precipitation Temperature Afar Rangelands

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Effects of grazing intensity to water source on grassland condition, yield and nutritional content of selected grass species in Northwest Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 149-161页

作者： Yaregal Melak Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe Department of Animal and Range Sciences Hawassa UniversityAwasaEthiopia Department of Range and Forest resources Faculty of Natural ResourcesBotswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate bag 0027GaboroneBotswana

Background:Savanna grasslands are globally important ecosystems consisting of one of the most extensive grazing lands with unique *** objectives of the study were to assess the effect of grazing intensity on grassland ecosystem condition,herbaceous plant biomass production,and nutritional content of selected grass ***:The study was conducted at Chagni Ranch,Northwest *** transects to water source point at regular intervals of 20m between sampling plots along transects were used for data *** distance between the four transects was 200m in *** were collected on grass composition,basal cover,litter cover,number of seedlings,and age distribution of dominant grasses(i.e.,young,medium,or old in terms of stage of maturity),soil condition in terms of soil compaction,and soil erosion linked to the effects of trampling by grazing animals along transects(hereafter referred to as transect)to water source *** total sample size for grass species was 160 *** grassland ecosystem condition,herbaceous biomass,and grass nutritional content were used as response variables linked to transect from water source *** effects of transect on grassland ecosystem condition scores and grass nutritional content were analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results:Grassland condition factors like grass composition,basal cover,litter cover,age distribution of dominant grasses,and soil condition were significantly(P<0.05)higher for the furthest transect to water source point than nearest *** of the 28 identified herbaceous species,grasses accounted for 64.3%of the herbaceous *** grass species,about 55.6%were highly desirable in terms of palatability and grazing value(as most palatable species are susceptible to heavy grazing intensity).The results showed a significantly(P<0.05)higher proportion of perennial grasses at the furthest transect to water source point than nearest *** dry matter yi

关键词： Grassland condition Grass yield Nutritional content Transect

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Camel management as an adaptive strategy to climate change by pastoralists in southern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 273-284页

作者： Galma Wako Menfese Tadesse Ayana Angassa Wondo-Genet College of Forestry and natural Resource Hawassa UniversityShashamaneEthiopia Department of Animal Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesGaboroneBotswana

Introduction:Experiences of low rainfall and frequent droughts have had enormous impacts on livestock production and pastoralists’livelihoods in southern *** Borana pastoralists are dependent on livestock husbandry with the dominance of cattle in their herds for ***,the Borana communities have engaged in extensive livestock species diversification,with more focus on camel management as an adaptation strategy to the severity of recurrent *** increasing interests in camel management among the Borana pastoralists are acknowledged,the driving forces for the increase in camel population in the region have not been *** aim of this study was to assess the trend in camel management as an adaptation strategy towards climate change among the Borana pastoral *** study also investigated evidence of climate change and the driving factors for camel ***:The study was conducted in three purposively selected kebeles,which is a lower administrative unit in Ethiopia,of Yabello district in Borana Zone in southern Ethiopia focusing on 156 randomly selected camel-owning *** study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods whereby data gathering tools such as key informant interviews(KII),focus group discussions(FGD),household surveys(HS),and field observations were *** data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version ***:Pastoralists’perceptions and the existing meteorological data analysis showed an increasing trend in temperature but a decreasing pattern in rainfall over the last 27 years(i.e.,during the last four Gada periods).Both pastoralists’observations and existing meteorological data analysis showed an increasing incidence of recurrent droughts with decreasing availability of grazing and water *** further explained that cattle are more vulnerable during severe *** findings also showed that camel management as an adaptation st

关键词： Climate change Camel management Pastoral households Borana Zone Southern Ethiopia

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Enhancement of diversity,stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure:the case of a mopane woodland in northern botswana

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 41-55页

作者： Demel Teketay Keotshephile Kashe Joseph Madome Monica Kabelo John Neelo Mmusi Mmusi Wellington Masamba Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana university of botswana Okavango Research InstitutePrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana

Introduction:An area exclosure is the practice of land management that involves the exclusion of livestock and humans from openly accessing an area that is characterized by severe *** exclosures have been employed as cheap and convenient means of rehabilitating degraded forests/woodlands.A study was carried out to(i)assess the species richness,diversity and evenness;(ii)determine the densities,frequencies,dominance and importance value index;and(iii)assess the population structure and regeneration status of woody species inside and outside the fence(area exclosure)of Okavango Research Institute(ORI)located in Maun,northern ***:Thirty-five woody species were recorded inside(32 spp.)and outside(24 spp.)the ORI compound,and the population structure and regeneration status of the woody species were better inside than outside the ORI *** exclosure had seven times higher mean density of woody species than outside ORI,and an exceptional regeneration of seedlings was observed inside than outside the ORI compound,suggesting the process of recovery of the degraded *** frequencies of more than half of the woody species also showed increment inside than outside the *** results suggest that the exclosed area is still in an initial recovery stage since it had been an open grazing area prior to the establishment of the *** of the woody species encountered outside ORI showed hampered recruitment and regeneration,owing to different anthropogenic impacts and overgrazing by ***:Despite the relatively short period(10 years)of exclosure establishment,results from the present study have further provided empirical evidences on the actual crucial roles played by area exclosures to increase woody species richness,diversity,evenness,density,frequency,dominance and important value index as well as enhance the population structure and regeneration of the woody species in northern *** research is recomm

关键词： Frequency Density Important value index Maun Population structure Species richness

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Perceptions and attitudes of local people towards participatory forest management in Tarmaber District of North Shewa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia: the case of Wof-Washa Forests

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 168-183页

作者： Solomon Ayele Tadesse Demel Teketay Department of natural resources Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resource SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana

Introduction:Since the last few decades,the government of Ethiopia has introduced and adopted participatory forest management(PFM)in different regions of the ***,there is a lack of research dealing with perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in Wof-Washa Forests(WWF).The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM implemented in *** hypothesized that the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM differ with socio-economic variables,such as sex,age,level of education,family size,occupation type,annual income,length of duration of local residence,livestock,and land ***:A structured questionnaire comprised of close-and open-ended questions was developed and administered to a total of n=64 households to collect information on the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards PFM in *** statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze and interpret the ***:The results revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the perceptions towards“the prevalence of the problems with the existing PFM system”(39%variance explained),“the concept of PFM”(30%variance explained),and“the presence of PFM practice”(11%variance explained).Majority of the respondents accepted the PFM program introduced in WWF in order to protect and manage the *** study also revealed that socio-economic variables had significant effects on the attitudes towards“managing forests via participatory approach”(16%variance explained),“having the responsibility to protect the WWF”(40%variance explained),and“accepting the PFM practice”(54%variance explained).However,the findings suggested that there were some respondents who were yet unsure to fully accept the concept and practice of ***:Creating public awareness about PFM is crucial to alleviate the problems of deforestation and reduce the unsustainable use of the *** socio-economic var

关键词： Deforestation Respondents Socio-economic variables Structured questionnaire Wof-Washa Forests

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Human-climate induced drivers of mountain grassland over the last 40 years in Sidama, Ethiopia: perceptions versus empirical evidence

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 392-407页

作者： Denbeshu Debeko Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe Ashenafi Burka Adugna Tolera College of agriculture School of Animal and Range SciencesHawassa UniversityP.O.Box 05HawassaEthiopia Wondo Genet College of Forestry and natural Resource School of Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Department of Animal Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana

Background:Mountain grasslands are globally important *** are considered as heritage sites with“outstanding values”to ecological communities by adding a further“layer and support to the existing protection measures.”However,mountain grasslands are increasingly under threat from human activities and impacts of climate ***:Using satellite imagery,we studied land use/land cover(LULC)patterns between 1973 and *** interviews consisting of 240 households for comparison and field data collection were conducted for accuracy ***:Five categories of LULC types were identified from the image classification that included forestland,grassland,shrubland,bushland,and agricultural *** 1973 and 2015,the forestland,grassland,and shrubland covers were declined by 15.9%,53.6%,and 41.0%,*** contrast,bushland and agricultural land were increased by 169%and 647%,*** overall LULC classification accuracies for the four reference years ranged from 77.6 to 86.5%with Kappa statistic of 0.69 to *** majority of respondents(92.5%)mentioned that the cover of forestland outsized the other land use land cover types followed by grassland in the ***:The stated indicators of land use/land cover changes linked to the impact of climate change were decline in milk yield and crop production,spread of livestock diseases,degradation of grazing lands,and change in the timing of *** results of the study suggest that human-climate related components were major drivers of land use/land cover dynamics that demand for proper management and conservation of mountain grassland ecosystem in Sidama South Ethiopia.

关键词： Land use/land cover Landsat Remote sensing Change detection Mountain grassland Sidama Household survey

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Impacts of fire suppression on above‐ground carbon stock and soil properties in Borana rangelands,southern Ethiopia

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Kenea Feyisa Sheleme Beyene Ayana Angassa School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences College of AgricultureHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Department of Range and Forest resources Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesGaboroneBotswana

Background:Fire is a natural disturbance that releases carbon back into the *** have used fire for many thousands of years for rangeland *** use of fire in the Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia was a common practice to improve the productivity of the ***,the use of fire as a tool to manage rangeland was prohibited by government policy in the early ***:In this study,we assessed the long‐term impacts of fire suppression on aboveground carbon stocks of woody and herbaceous biomass,soil organic carbon stocks,and total nitrogen stocks at burned versus adjacent unburned areas in the Borana rangelands of southern *** investigation was conducted in two locations:Dikale and *** upland location was represented by Dikale,while the bottomland location was represented by *** study site was replicated three times,with burned versus adjacent unburned areas representing each *** samples were collected in three soil depths(0–5,5–15,and 15–30 cm),while vegetation attributes were collected from 60 plots within three burned and three adjacent unburned sites in each ***:The soil organic carbon stock and pooled carbon stock between burned and unburned sites across the two landscapes showed minimal *** above‐ground carbon biomass accumulation for woody and herbaceous plants did not show any significant difference between burned and unburned sites both at the bottomland and upland *** total nitrogen contents recorded at uplands in burned sites were significantly(p<0.05)higher than the total nitrogen stocks for the unburned adjacent ***:Burned areas accumulated relatively more carbon stocks in terms of herbaceous biomass(3.27±0.43 Mg ha^(−1))than the adjacent unburned areas(0.98±0.43 Mg ha^(−1)).The results of the current study suggest that burning improved the carbon sequestration potential of herbaceous plants in arid savanna ecosystems.

关键词： aboveground biomass carbon carbon sequestration fire soil nitrogen

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Socio-economic factors influencing household forest dependency in Chobe enclave, botswana

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 417-426页

作者： Hesekia Garekae Olekae Tsompie Thakadu Joyce Lepetu Department of Environmental Science Rhodes UniversityP.O.Box 94GrahamstownSouth Africa Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaPrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana

Introduction:Human dependence on forests is a multifaceted *** degree of reliance on forests varies geographically,overtime and across *** dynamics underpin the importance of understanding the determinants of household reliance on forests for the long-term sustainable forest management and *** paper presents an analysis of socio-economic determinants on the level of household forest dependency in Chobe enclave,*** study hypothesised that the level of household forest dependency will significantly differ across a range of socio-economic ***:Data was collected through a structured questionnaire survey of 183 households,randomly selected from three communities bordering Chobe Forest *** logistic regression model was used for analysing ***:Results showed that age and education significantly influenced household reliance on forests,while other socio-economic factors were not *** dependency was observed to be decreasing with an increase on both respondent age and educational ***,the youth were likely to be more reliant on forest products compared to their elderly counterpart while higher educational attainment lessened reliance on forest ***:In order to foster a balance between forest dependency and biodiversity conservation,alternative opportunities and provision and access to higher education aimed at diversifying young people’s livelihood activities are vital in reducing forest dependency,hence protecting forests for posterity.

关键词： Forest dependency Biodiversity conservation Rural-urban migration Chobe Forest Reserve botswana

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Water-repellent efficiency of thermally modified wood as affected by its permeability

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 848-856页

作者： Asghar Tarmian Akbar Mastouri Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology Faculty of Natural Resources College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran

This study shows how the air permeability of thermally modified wood contributes to its water-repellent efficiency. For this purpose, freshly cut boards of hornbeam(Carpinus betulus), poplar(Populus nigra), and heartwood of oak(Quercus castanifolia) were modified at a steam temperature of 180 °C for 3 h inside a Thermo Wood *** porous structure, permeability, and water uptake of wood were affected differently by thermal modification,depending on the wood species. The creation of microcracks in the cell walls, due to collapsing of fiber cells,resulted in a noticeable increase in the permeability of hornbeam. Despite checking in the poplar wood structure,its permeability was negatively affected by thermal modification. In contrast to oak and poplar, a negative waterrepellent efficiency was observed for the modified hornbeam, caused by an increase in the permeability.

关键词： Air permeability Thermally modified wood Water-repellent efficiency

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Diversity and biomass of different functional groups of herbaceous species along an altitudinal gradient in the semi-arid Zagros mountain forests of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1723-1731页

作者： Hafizollah Shahriari Kambiz Abrari Vajari Babak Pilehvar Mehdi Heydari Forestry Department Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran Forestry Department Natural Resources and Agriculture FacultyIlam UniversityIlamIran

The response of diversity and biomass of herbaceous functional groups along an altitudinal gradient in mountainous forests of southern Zagros,Khuzestan Province,Iran was studied by sampling vegetation in 30 circular 1000-m^2 plots in herb layer of the forest floor within 646–2447 m asl(lowland:2000 m asl).The most important herbaceous functional groups were classified based on two aspects of growth form:annuals–perennials,grasses–*** the relationship between the diversity,richness,evenness,biomass and elevation was *** results showed that the annual functional group in the low-and midland classes,and perennial functional group in the lowland class had the highest species diversity and evenness in annual and perennial functional groups,respectively(p<0.01).The perennials in the highland class had the maximum total,above-and belowground dry biomass(p<0.01).On the other hand,the forb functional group in the lowland class had the greatest species diversity,richness,and evenness(p<0.01)and in the highland class had the maximum total dry,above-and belowground dry biomass in the grass and forb functional groups(p<0.01).Increasing the diversity,richness,and species evenness resulted in a decrease in the plant dry biomass.

关键词： Biodiversity Biomass Herbaceous functional groups Zagros forests

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