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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第3期9卷 175-181页

作者： Veena H.F.AMMANNA Srinivas K.SAIDAPUR Bhagyashri A.SHANBHAG department of zoology Karnatak University

New born hatchlings of Calotes versicolor were reared in terrarium having narrow or wide perches for a period of 4-month and their snout vent length（SVL）, tail, fore and hindlimb lengths were measured at monthly intervals. Limb postures（closer to the body or spread away from the body） were also recorded. The sprint speed was recorded in two and four-month old lizards on a 1 m long race track providing 45° or 60° slope. In both the groups, SVL and tail lengths were comparable but the limb lengths and their growth rates were significantly greater in lizards of wider perch group. The lizards reared with narrow perches positioned their limbs closer to the body; while those reared on wider perches spread their limbs away from their body. Further, the latter exhibited significantly higher sprint speed regardless of the slope of the race track over those of narrow perch group. Sprint speeds of lizards in both groups were correlated with the limb sizes. The study showed that the lizards reared on narrow or wide perches exhibited divergent adaptive responses（phenotypic plasticity） by developing longer or shorter limbs and corresponding changes in their sprint speeds. These findings support the idea that availability of perch structure during early development evokes adaptive plasticity in the limb development and associated locomotory performance in arboreal lizards like C. versicolor.

关键词： behavior Calotes hatchlings limb lizard perch plasticity sprint speed

Micropropagation of yellow mangosteen:a valuable endemic tree of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 161-165页

作者： Lalita Mahantagouda Patil Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Vijayalaxmi S.Dandin Sunita P.Koli Shirugumbi Hanamanthagouda Manohar Shivanand D.Payamalle department of botany Karnatak University

We developed a method for in vitro regenera- tion of Garcinia xanthochymus （yellow mangosteen） from matured seed segments. Multiple shoots were induced on woody plant （WP） medium supplemented with cytokinins. An average of 11 shoots per explant were regenerated from mature seed segments on WP medium containing 20 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Histological analysis revealed that hypodermal cells of seed segments were initially involved in active division, which later developed into meriste- moids, subsequently leading to the formation of shoot buds. Shoot elongation was achieved by repeated subculturing of seed explants in shoot regeneration medium. Rooting of shoots was achieved on WP medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid or s-naphthalene acetic acid. Plant- lets were transplanted to pots containing soil： compost （1：1） and survival rate was 90 %.

关键词： Adventitious shoots Garcinia xanthochymus.In vitro propagation Tissue culture WP medium

Implications of multipurpose tree leaf application on wheat productivity in dry tropics

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第4期24卷 777-782页

作者： Rajani Srivastava K.P.Singh department of botany Banaras Hindu University

Leaves of multipurpose tree species （those providing more than one function or product of human use） can serve as sources of fer- tilizer for nutrient supply, especially nitrogen （N）. In this study chopped leaves of tropical tree species （5 N-fixing species, 5 non-N-fixing species and combinations of 5 N-fixing with a non-N-fixing species） were in- corporated in soil to evaluate its effects on wheat biological productivity （including grain yield, GyIELD） under dryland conditions. High quality leaves of N-fixing tree species （e.g. Dalbergia sissoo, Cassia fistula and Prosopis cineraria） had lower carbon/nitrogen （C/N）, lignin/nitrogen （L^o/N）, polyphenol/nitrogen （PPt/N） and lignin＋polyphenol /nitrogen （L~＋PpL/N） ratios than low quality leaves of non-N-fixing species. Com- bination treatments had intermediate values of different parameters, Application of high quality leaves caused greater increases in wheat productivity and yield than other species.

关键词： multipurpose tree leaves chemical quality index grain yield,N-fixing species non-N fixing species Dryland agriculture

Vegetation-environment relationships in the forests of Chitral district Hindukush range of Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 205-216页

作者： Nasrullah Khan Syed Shahid Shaukat Moinuddin Ahmed Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui department of botany University of Malakand Dept. of botany University of Karachi Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology department of botany Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology

We investigated the composition of plant communities to quantify their relationships with environmental parameters in the Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan. We sampled tree vegetation using the Point Centered Quarter （PCQ） method while understory vegetation was sampled in 1.5-m circular quadrats. Cedrus deodara is the national symbol of Pakistan and was dominant in the sampled communities. Because environmental variables determine vegetation types, we analyzed and evaluated edaphic and topographic factors. DCA-Ordination showed the major gradient as an amalgam of elevation （p〈0.05） and slope （p〈0.01） as the topographic factors correlated with species distribution. Soil variables were the factors of environmental significance along DCA axes. However, among these factors, Mg2＋ , K ＋ and N2＋ contributed not more than 0.054% 0.20% and 0.073%, respectively, to variation along the first ordination axis. We conclude that the principal reason for weak or no correlation with many edaphic variables was the anthropogenic disturbance of vegetation. The understory vegetation was composed of perennial herbs in most communities and was most dense under the tree canopy. The understory vegetation strongly regulates tree seedling growth and regeneration patterns. We recommend further study of the understory vegetation using permanent plots to aid development of forest regeneration strategies.

关键词： environmental relationship multivariate analysis cluster analysis ordination anthropogenic factors forest, Hindukush range

Wing buzzing as a mechanism for generating vibrational signals in psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

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Insect Science 2024年第5期31卷 1466-1476页

作者： Jernej Polajnar Elizaveta Kvinikadze Adam W.Harley Igor Malenovsky department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research National Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia department of botany and zoology Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic Computer Science department Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

Psyllids,or jumping plant lice(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha:Psylloidea),are a group of small phytophagous insects that include some important pests of crops *** communication of psyllids occurs via vibrations transmitted through host plants,which play an important role in mate recognition and *** signals are species-specific and can be used to aid in psyllid taxonomy and pest ***-eral hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanism that generates these vibrations,of which stridulation,that is,friction between parts of the forewing and thorax,has re-ceived the most *** have investigated vibrational communication in the Euro-pean pear psyllid species Cacopsylla pyrisuga(Foerster,1848)using laser vibrometry and high-speed video recording,to directly observe the movements associated with signal *** describe for the first time the basic characteristics of the signals and signal emission of this *** on observations and analysis of the video recordings us-ing a point-tracking algorithm,and their comparison with laser vibrometer recordings,we argue that males of *** produce the vibrations primarily by wing buzzing,that is,tremulation that does not involve friction between the wings and *** observed signal properties with previously published data,we predict that wing buzzing is the main mechanism of signal production in all vibrating psyllids.

关键词： Cacopsylla pyrisuga high-speed video recording jumping plant lice sexual communication substrate-borne vibrational signals vibrational communication

Efficacy evaluation of the protein isolated from Peganum harmala seeds as an antioxidant in liver of rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第4期6卷 285-295页

作者： Amel M Soliman Helal S Abu-El-Zahab Gamiaa A Alswiai zoology department Faculty of ScienceCairo University zoology department Faculty of Science

Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of the 132 KD protein isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala（***） L against carbon tetrachloride（CCl4） induced oxidative stress in ***:Animals were post treated intraperitoneally with 132 KO isolated protein at doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg body weight and bovine serum albumin（BSA）（8 mg/kg body weight） as well as vitamin C（250 mg/kg body weight p.o.） for 7 d after they challenged with CCl4 orally（1 ml/Ag body weight） in olive oil（50%） for 2 ***:The purified protein from seeds of *** plant showed in vitro antioxidant activity with DPPH *** of CCl4 induced induction in serum aminotransferases（AST,ALT）,alkaline phosphatase（ALP）,lipid profile parameters and liver malondialdehyde（MDA） and decrease in serum total protein,liver superoxide dismutase （SOD）,catalase（CAT）,and reduced glutathione（GSH） levels.132 KD protein treatment of rats post CCl4 intoxication successfully alleviated the toxic effects of CCl4.Conclusions:The isolated protein possessed strong antioxidant activity comparable to that of BSA（negative control） and vitamin C（positive control）.

关键词： Carbon tetrachloride Peganum harmala Oxidative stress 132 KD isolated protein

Free-radical scavenging properties of low molecular weight peptide(s) isolated from S1 cultivar of mulberry leaves and their impact on Bombyx mori(L.)(Bombycidae)

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 348-356页

作者： Suchisree Jha Palash Mandal Phalguni Bhattacharyya Amitava Ghosh department of botany University of North BengalSiliguri 734013West BengalIndia department of botany University of North Bengal department of botany Malda CollegeUniversity of Gour Banga department of botany Asutosh College

The mulberry leaves have been considered as a sole food source for silkworm, Bombyx mori （L.）. In present work an attempt was made to investigate the role of low molecular weight peptide（s） isolated from mulberry leaves on silkworm rearing. Also we have tried to find out the role of free-radical scavenging activities of isolated peptide（s） on silkworm growth. Larval growth rate was found effective under the influence of peptide（s）. Consumption rate of larvae after peptide（s） treatment on mulberry leaves was significantly enhanced over control. High antioxidant activity was found in Low molecular weight peptide（s） which have an effect on silkworm.

关键词： Antioxidant HPLC Low molecular peptide(s) Mulberry leaf Silkworm

Photosynthesis, Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Cultivars Differing in Cadmium Tolerance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第4期9卷 519-527页

作者： Noushina Iqbal Asim Masood Rahat Nazar Shabina Syeed Nafees A Khan department of botany Aligarh Muslim University

Two mustard （Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.） cultivars, Pusa Jai Kisan and SS2 differing in cadmium （Cd） tolerance were treated with 0, 25 and 50 umol L-1 Cd to study the physiological basis of difference in Cd tolerance. Cultivar SS2 （Cd sensitive） accumulated greater Cd in leaves than Pusa Jai Kisan （Cd tolerant）. Further, SS2 also exhibited higher contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, dehydroascorbate reduetase （DHAR）, and glutathione reductase （GR） were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than those in SS2. Contrarily, the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） was higher in SS2 than that in Pusa Jai Kisan and was the greatest at 25 umol L-1 Cd. Treatment of 25 umol L-1 Cd induced the maximum activity of enzymes. However, the activity of GR increased up to 50 umol L-1 Cd in both the cultivars. The non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate （AsA） and glutathione （GSH） were higher in Pusa Jai Kisan than that in SS2, whereas dehydroascorbate （DHA） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） were higher in SS2. Photosynthesis and growth were adversely and maximally decreased by 50 umol L-1 Cd treatment in both the cultivars, but SS2 exhibited greater reductions. The protection of photosynthesis and growth and lesser reduction in Pusa Jai Kisan were associated with its capacity to restrict accumulation of Cd in leaves resulting in lower level of TBARS and H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Pusa Jai Kisan exhibited efficient antioxidant metabolism for removal of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species.

关键词： antioxidant metabolism cadmium oxidative stress photosynthesis

Evaluation of phytochemical properties and larvicidal activities of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula against Aedes aegypti

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第5期12卷 224-231页

作者： Ananta Swargiary Manita Daimari Mritunjoy Roy Dipanjali Haloi Bijit Ramchiary department of zoology,Bodoland University department of zoology,Kokrajhar Govt.College department of zoology Bodoland University department of zoology Kokrajhar Govt.College

Objective: To investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and larvicidal property of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula against Aedes ***: Antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of the plants was studied by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate(DPPH) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assay(ABTS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity assay following standard *** phenolic content, total flavonoid content, carbohydrate, and plant protein were also estimated following standard *** property of plant extracts were determined following World Health Organization standard ***, glutathione-s-transferase(GST) and acetylcholinesterase(AchE) inhibitory property was also tested ***: Phytochemically, high protein, carbohydrate and phenolic were found in Terminalia chebula, while Cynodon dactylon showed high flavonoid ***, high antioxidant activity was found in Terminalia chebula with IC_(50) values at 13.7, 2.9, 45.2 and 46.0 μg/mL in DPPH, ABTS, TBARS and superoxide anion scavenging activity, *** study showed strongest activity in Spilanthes acmella followed by Cynodon dactylon, and Clerodendrum viscosum and Terminalia *** and AchE of Aedes aegypti larvae showed reduced enzyme activity when pre-incubated with Cynadon dactylon and Spilanthes ***: The methanolic crude extracts of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula possess strong antioxidant and larvicidal property against Aedes aegypti and therefore, may be further investigated for the molecular mode of action.

关键词： Larvicide Glutathione S-transferase Acetylcholinesterase Udalguri district Aedes aegypti

Probit Analysis of Carbamate-Pesticide-Toxicity at Soil-Water Interface to N_2-Fixing Cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp.

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Rice science 2015年第2期22卷 89-98页

作者： Rabindra N.PADHY Shakti RATH department of botany BJB Autonomous College

Toxicity-data of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, and three fungicides, ziram, zineb and mancozeb with rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp., obtained by in vitro growth and at soil-water interface, were analyzed by the probit method. Growth enhancing concentration, no-observed effective concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration, the highest permissive concentration and lethal concentration100 （LCloo） were determined experimentally. The LC^o values of carbaryl, carbofuran, ziram, zineb and mancozeb in N2-fixing liquid medium were 56.2, 588.8, 0.07, 4.2 and 3.4 IJg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding LCloo values were 100.0, 1500.0, 0.17, 25.0 and 9.0 IJg/mL, respectively. The LC50 values of these pesticides in succession in N2-fixing agar medium were 44.7, 239.9, 0.07, 1.8 and 2.3 IJg/mL, respectively, whereas the corresponding LC100 values were 100.0, 600.0, 0.17, 10.0 and 7.0 IJg/mL, respectively. Similar results with nitrate supplemented liquid and agar media indicated that nitrate supplementation had toxicity reducing effect. The LCso and LC^oo values of toxicity in the N2-fixing liquid medium at soil-water interface were 91.2 and 200.0 IJg/mL for carbaryl, 2 317 and 6 000 pg/mL for carbofuran, 0.15 and 0.50 pg/mL for ziram, 16.4 and 50.0 pg/mL for zineb, and 7.2 and 25.0 pg/mL for mancozeb, respectively. Each LC^oo value at soil- water interface with a pesticide was significantly higher than its corresponding LCloo value at liquid/agar media. It can be concluded that, under the N2-fixing conditions, the cyanobacterium tolerated higher levels of each pesticide at soil-water interface.

关键词： carbamate pesticide Cylindrospermum sp. cyanobacterium lethal concentration probitanalysis soil-water interface