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Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and α-amylase inhibitors from Hippeastrum hybridum extract

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 496-504页

作者： Naila Sher Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Mushtaq Department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Department of botany University of Science and Technology

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Hippeastrum hybridum（HH） as a free radical scavenger,and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase（α-amylase） and acetylcholinesterase（AChE）.METHODS:In this study,HH plant was preliminary analyzed for phytochemical screening and then tested for its antioxidant,anti-α-amylase,and anti-AChE efficiency via standard procedures.RESULTS:Phytochemical analysis shows the existence of different compounds;while Coumarins and quinones were absent.The total phenolic,flavonoid,and tannins content were found to be（78.52±0.69） mg GAE/g,（2.01±0.04） mg RUE/g,and（58.12±0.23） mg TAE/g of plant extract respectively.28.02%±0.02% alkaloid and 2.02%±0.05% saponins were present in the HH extract.The HH extract showed the anti-oxidant property with IC50（50%inhibition） of（151.01±0.13）(HH),（79.01±0.04）(Ascorbic acid) for ferric reducing,（91.48±0.13）(HH),（48.02±0.11）(Ascorbic acid) against Ammonium molybdenum,（156.02±0.31）(HH),（52.38±0.21）(Ascorbic acid) against DPPH,136.01±0.21（HH）,52.02±0.31（Ascorbic acid） against H2O2,and 154.12±0.03（HH）,（40.05±0.15）(Ascorbic acid)μg/mL against ABTS respectively.Statistical analysis indicated that HH caused a competitive type of inhibition of α-amylase(Vmaxremained constant and Km increases from 10.65 to84.37%) while Glucophage caused the un-competitive type of inhibition i-e both Km and Vmaxdecreased from40.49 to 69.15%and 38.86 to 69.61%respectively.The Ki,（inhibition constant）;KI,（dissociation constant）,Km,（Michaelis-Menten constant）,and IC50 were found to be62,364,68.1,and 38.08±0.22 for HH and 12,101.05,195,34.01±0.21 for Glucophage.Similarly,HH causes an anon-competitive type of inhibition of AChE i-e Km remains constant while Vmaxdecreases from 60.5%to74.1%.The calculated Ki,KI,Km,and IC50 were found to be 32,36.2,0.05,and 18.117±0.018.CONCLUSION:From the current results,it is concluded that HH extract contains bioactive compounds,and could be a good alternative to controlling oxidants,Alzheimer‘s and Type-Ⅱ diabetic diseases.

关键词： Hippeastrum hybridum acetylcholinesterase alpha-amylase antioxidant phytochemicals

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Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 619-632页

作者： Ananda ADHIKARI Adarsha SUBEDI Achyut TIWARI Bharat Babu SHRESTHA Central Department of botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

关键词： Biological invasions Dispersal corridor Invasive alien plants Transport infrastructure Himalayan mountains

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Seedling potential of trees species along the elevational gradient in temperate hill forest of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1329-1344页

作者： DANI Ram Sharan BANIYA Chitra Bahadur Central Department of botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Regeneration status of tree species along elevation gradient in temperate hill forest was not understood greatly.Present research examined the tree diversity and its regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient in temperate hill forest,central Nepal.Data were collected from 300 sample plots within vertical elevation bands of 10,ranging from 1365 to 2450 m asl.A random sampling method was used for data collection in three seasons,winter,pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Diameter at breast height(DBH)was used to broadly categorize the plant individual into trees,saplings and seedlings.The tree species richness ranged from 12 to 25 with density of 350 to 1200 individuals per hectare.Species richness of tree and sapling showed statistically significant unimodal pattern,which peaked at mid-elevation.Elevation showed a strong and positive linear correlation with the seedling density(Deviance=0.99,pseedling(10.6%)≤mature(10.9%).Among tested environmental variables,elevation and annual mean rainfall were the most influential factors in the regeneration of tree species.

关键词： Regeneration potential Chandragiri hill Altitudinal gradient Species diversity Tree species richness

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Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 333-343页

作者： Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Sergei Volis Ziyoviddin Yusupov Inom Juramurodov Komiljon Tojibaev Tao Deng Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of botany Academy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent 100125Uzbekistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864China

Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th century.However,due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date,its phylogeny and evolution are largely unknown.In this study,we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus,which are found in Central Asia(its center of diversity)and China.We also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species,encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central Asia,southwest Asia and China.Our findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic,although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be paraphyletic.Both plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the genus.Our biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the Eocene.Diversification of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene.Paratethys Sea retreat and several orogenetic events,such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts(Altai,Pamir,Tian Shan),caused serious topographic and climate(aridification)changes in Central Asia that may have triggered a split of clades and speciation.In this transformed Central Asia,speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic,topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

关键词： Asphodelaceae Asphodeloideae Plastome Central Asia Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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New insights into the species problem

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 964-972页

作者： YANG Yong1 & ZHOU ZheKun2 1State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany, Institute of botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

Historical opinions of the "species problem" are briefly reviewed, and four salient stages are recognized according to origin of species concepts. We propose that species is the unit preserving superior gene assembly and is maintained by specific mechanisms. Based on characteristics of plant evolution, we assume that understanding plant species may include three stages, i.e. morphological recognition stage, multidisciplinary verification stage, and illuminating mechanisms preserving superior gene assembly.

关键词： species concept plant evolution phylogeny

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Biosystematic studies on Adenophora potaninii Korsh.complex(Campanulaceae) V.A taxonomic treatment

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 445-454页

作者： Song GE De-Yuan HONG(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany,Institute of botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

Adenophora is an extremely variable genus,and its taxonomy is very controversial.Of the genus,Adenophora potaninii complex,including A.potaninii,A.bockiana,A.wawreana,A.lobophylla,A.biformifolia,A.polydentata,and A.wawreana var.lanceifolia,is a typical group with different taxonomical treatments due to high level of morphological diversity.We carried out extensive biosystematic studies based on population sampling,transplantation experiments and offspring tests,cluster analysis,and a crossing experiment.The results reveal four main findings.(i) Leaf forms of the A.potaninii complex were extremely polymorphic;the leaf form of A.potaninii and A.bockiana,and that of A.wawreana and A.biformifolia could be found,respectively,on a single population or among the offsprings of a single plant.(ii) Cluster analysis and a crossing experiment indicated that A.bockiana and A.polydentata could not be separated from A.potaninii,nor A.biformifolia from A.wawreana.(iii) Adenophora potaninii and A.wawreana were gradational in morphology and their compatibility value was slightly reduced compared to that within each entity.(iv) Adenophora lobophylla was distinct from the other members of the complex in shape and size of corolla,relative length of style,and shape of capsule.This species was incompatible reproductively with the other members of the complex,but partly compatible with A.stenanthina,a species in another section.Therefore,we recognized only one species with two subspecies in the complex,A.potaninii subsp.potaninii and subsp.wawreana,moved A.lobophylla out of the complex,and reduced all the other names as new synonyms.

关键词： Adenophora potaninii biosystematics populations species complex taxonomy.

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Functional evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) of morphological novelties in plants

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第2期48卷 94-101页

作者： Jisi ZHANG Ying TIAN Li WANG Chaoying HE (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany,Institute of botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

The origin of morphological and ecological novelties is a long-standing problem in evolutionary biology.Understanding these processes requires investigation from both the development and evolution standpoints,which promotes a new research field called "evolutionary developmental biology" (evo-devo).The fundamental mechanism for the origin of a novel structure may involve heterotopy,heterochrony,ectopic expression,or loss of an existing regulatory factor.Accordingly,the morphological and ecological traits controlled by the regulatory genes may be gained,lost,or regained during evolution.Floral morphological novelties,for example,include homeotic alterations (related to organ identity),symmetric diversity,and changes in the size and morphology of the floral organs.These gains and losses can potentially arise through modification of the existing regulatory networks.Here,we review current knowledge concerning the origin of novel floral structures,such as "evolutionary homeotic mutated flowers",floral symmetry in various plant species,and inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) within Solanaceae.Functional evo-devo of the morphological novelties is a central theme of plant evolutionary biology.In addition,the discussion is extended to consider agronomic or domestication-related traits,including the type,size,and morphology of fruits (berries),within Solanaceae.

关键词： biodiversity development evolution functional evo-devo heterochrony heterotopy morphological novelty

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Barley chitinase genes expression revamp resistance against whitefly (Bemisia Tabaci) in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 90-100页

作者： BASHIR Samina YAQOOB Amina BASHIR Rohina BUKHARI Shanila SHAHID Naila AZAM Saira BAKHSH Allah HUSNAIN Tayyab SHAHID Ahmad Ali RAO Abdul Qayyum Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the PunjabLahore 53700Pakistan Department of botany Kinnaird College for Women UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Department of botany Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Institute of botany University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan.

Background Chitinase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin,a major component of the exoskeleton of insects,including plant pests like whiteflies.The present study aimed to investigate the expression of chemically synthesized barley ch1 and chi2 genes in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Fifty-five putative transgenic cotton plants were obtained,out of which fifteen plants successfully survived and were shifted to the field.Using gene-specific primers,amplification of 447 bp and 401 bp fragments confirmed the presence of the ch1 and chi2 genes in five transgenic cotton plants of the T0 generation.These five plants were further evalu-ated for their mRNA expression levels.The T0 transgenic cotton plants with the highest mRNA expression level and better yield performance in field,were selected to raise their subsequent progenies.Results The T1 cotton plants showed the highest mRNA expression levels of 3.5-fold in P10(2)for the ch1 gene and 3.7-fold in P2(1)for the chi2 gene.Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)confirmed a single copy number of ch1 and chi2(hemizygous)on chromosome no.6.Furthermore,the efficacy of transgenes on whitefly was evaluated through an insect bioassay,where after 96 h of infestation,mortality rates of whitefly were calculated to be 78%–80%in transgenic cotton plants.The number of eggs on transgenic cotton plants were calculated to be 0.1%–0.12 per plant compared with the non-transgenic plants where egg number was calculated to be 0.90–1.00 per plant.Conclusion Based on these findings,it can be concluded that the chemically synthesized barley chitinase genes(ch1 and chi2)have the potential to be effective against insects with chitin exoskeletons,including whiteflies.The transgenic cotton plants expressing these genes showed increased resistance to whiteflies,resulting in reduced egg numbers and higher mortality rates.

关键词： Chitinase Cotton White fly Transgene Bioassay

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Paeonia rotundiloba(D.Y.Hong)D.Y.Hong:A new status in tree peonies(Paeoniaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 464-467页

作者： De-Yuan HONG(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany,Institute of botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.***.rotundiloba D.Y.Hong is here raised to the specific rank,P.rotundiloba(D.Y.Hong) D.Y.Hong,based on its distinctiveness of four diagnostic characters:number of carpels;height of disk;number of leaflets of the lower leaves,and shape of the terminal leaflets;and unpublished molecular data.Paeonia rotundiloba differs distinctly from P.decomposita in having carpels mostly 3,less often 2 or 4,very rarely 5(vs.almost always 5,very occasionally 4 or 3),disk 8-15 mm high(vs.4-9.6 mm),leaflets mostly 19-39(vs.29-63) in number,and ratio of length to width of the terminal leaflets 1.09-1.93(vs.1.81-2.99).

关键词： China new status Paeonia decomposita Paeonia rotundiloba Sichuan statistical analysis.

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ABC model and floral evolution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第24期48卷 2651-2657页

作者： LI Guisheng, MENG Zheng, KONG Hongzhi, CHEN Zhiduan & LU Anming Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany, Institute of botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Meng Zheng (e-mail: zhmeng@ ***) and Lu Anming (e-mail:anmin@***) Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

The paper introduces the classical ABC model of floral development and thereafter ABCD, ABCDE and quartet models, and presents achievements in the studies on floral evolution such as the improved understanding on the relationship of reproductive organs between gnetophytes and angiosperms, new results in perianth evolution and identified homology of floral organs between dicots and monocots. The evo-devo studies on plant taxa at different evolutionary levels are useful to better understanding the homology of floral organs, and to clarifying the mysteries of the origin and sub-sequent diversification of flowers.

关键词： ABC模型花被演化被子植物双子叶植物单子叶植物

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