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When AI meets sustainable 6G

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 4-22页

作者： Xiaohu YOU Yongming HUANG Cheng ZHANG Jiaheng WANG Hao YIN Hequan WU National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain laboratories Chinese Academy of Military Science China Information Communication Technologies Group

Sixth-generation(6G) networks are anticipated to achieve transformative advancements, characterized by extreme connectivity, deep integration with artificial intelligence(AI) and sensing, and airground integration. The evolution of 6G exhibits two major trends: ubiquitous intelligence and sustainability. The former aims to embed state-of-the-art AI technology into the 6G network, from the physical layers to applications, while the latter emphasizes reducing energy consumption while enhancing network performance to address environmental concerns. Despite the amazing progress in recent years, AI advancements come with substantial increases in data and computational overhead, posing critical challenges for integrating AI into sustainable 6G networks. First, high energy consumption from large datasets and heavyweight AI models contradicts6G's green goals. Second, the precise collection of large datasets, message delivery latency, and inference delays in AI models pose challenges for real-time tasks in 6G. Third, the uninterpretability and unpredictability of AI models complicate meeting the stringent requirements for controllable transmission in dynamic wireless environments. Addressing these challenges and achieving sustainable 6G with ubiquitous intelligence calls for a revolutionary design of 6G architecture and AI frameworks. To this end, this paper introduces a novel and practical methodology for green, real-time, and controllable 6G native intelligence,starting with knowledge graph(KG) analysis to extract small but critical datasets, followed by the development of distributed lightweight AI models, and the use of digital twins(DTs) to create precise replicas of physical 6G networks. This leads to a pervasive multi-level(PML)-AI framework supported by a task-centric, three-layer 6G architecture. The AI framework operates through non-real-time and real-time cycles, leveraging three key technologies: wireless data KGs for efficient data management,lightweight AI mode

关键词： artificial intelligence sustainable 6G green real-time controllable

PS-CoT-Adapter: adapting plan-and-solve chain-of-thought for ScienceQA

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 392-393页

作者： Qun LI Haixin SUN Fu XIAO Yiming WANG Xinping GAO Bir BHANU School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Purple Mountain laboratories Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Riverside

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) *** further explore LLMs'reasoning abilities in solving complex problems,recent research [1-3]has investigated chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in complex multimodal scenarios,such as science question answering (ScienceQA) tasks [4],by fine-tuning multimodal models through human-annotated CoT ***,collected CoT rationales often miss the necessary rea-soning steps and specific expertise.

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Exploring the novel role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in phagocytosis:beyond myelinogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 473-474页

作者： Gen Hamanaka Ken Arai Neuroprotection Research laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA

Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing *** precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around *** myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)***,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.

关键词： critical system conduction

Privacy Distributed Constrained Optimization Over Time-Varying Unbalanced Networks and Its Application in Federated Learning

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第2期12卷 335-346页

作者： Mengli Wei Wenwu Yu Duxin Chen Mingyu Kang Guang Cheng the School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University IEEE the School of Mathematics Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University the Purple Mountain laboratories the School of Mathematics Southeast University

This paper investigates a class of constrained distributed zeroth-order optimization(ZOO) problems over timevarying unbalanced graphs while ensuring privacy preservation among individual agents. Not taking into account recent progress and addressing these concerns separately, there remains a lack of solutions offering theoretical guarantees for both privacy protection and constrained ZOO over time-varying unbalanced *** hereby propose a novel algorithm, termed the differential privacy(DP) distributed push-sum based zeroth-order constrained optimization algorithm(DP-ZOCOA). Operating over time-varying unbalanced graphs, DP-ZOCOA obviates the need for supplemental suboptimization problem computations, thereby reducing overhead in comparison to distributed primary-dual methods. DP-ZOCOA is specifically tailored to tackle constrained ZOO problems over time-varying unbalanced graphs,offering a guarantee of convergence to the optimal solution while robustly preserving privacy. Moreover, we provide rigorous proofs of convergence and privacy for DP-ZOCOA, underscoring its efficacy in attaining optimal convergence without constraints. To enhance its applicability, we incorporate DP-ZOCOA into the federated learning framework and formulate a decentralized zeroth-order constrained federated learning algorithm(ZOCOA-FL) to address challenges stemming from the timevarying imbalance of communication topology. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are thoroughly evaluated through simulations on distributed least squares(DLS) and decentralized federated learning(DFL) tasks.

关键词： Constrained distributed optimization decentralized federated learning (DFL) differential privacy (DP) time-varying unbalanced graphs zeroth-order gradient

3D self-rectifying memristive ternary content addressable memory for massive and exact in-memory search

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Yingjie YU Shengguang REN Ling YANG Yi LI Xiangshui MIAO School of Integrated Circuits Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Yangtze Memory laboratories

Ternary content addressable memory(TCAM) enables highspeed parallel in-situ pattern matching [1], serving as the key processing unit for an efficient in-memory search system, which is widely studied in areas such as r...

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Homeopathic Thuja 30C ameliorates benzo(a)pyreneinduced DNA damage,stress and viability of perfused lung cells of mice in vitro

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第6期11卷 397-404页

作者： Avinaba Mukherjee Naoual Boujedaini Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of Kalyani boiron laboratories

OBJECTIVE： To examine if the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy Thuja 30C can ameliorate benzo（a）pyrene （BaP）-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of Swiss albino mice in vitro. METHODS： Perfused normal lung cells from mice were cultured in 5% Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and exposed to BaP, a potent carcinogen, at the half maximal inhibitory concentration dose （2.2 μmol/L） for 24 h. Thereafter, the intoxicated cells were either treated with Thuja 30C （used against tumor or cancer） or its vehicle media, succussed alcohol 30C. Relevant parameters of study involving reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, total glutathione （GSH） content, and generations of heat shock protein （hsp）-90 were measured; the cell viability and other test parameters were measured after treatment with either Thuja 30C or its vehicle media. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to examine if Thuja 30C directly interacted with calf thymus DNA as target. For ascertaining if DNA damaged by BaP could be partially repaired and restituted by the remedy, 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was performed. RESULTS： Thuja 30C increased cell viability of BaP-intoxicated cells significantly, as compared to drug-untreated or drug-vehicle control. A minimal dose of Thuja 30C significantly inhibited BaP-induced stress level, by down-regulating ROS and hsp-90, and increasing GSH content. Thuja 30C itself had no DNA-damaging effect, and no direct drug-DNA interaction. However, it showed quite striking ability to repair DNA damage caused by BaP. CONCLUSION： Thuja 30C ameliorates BaP-induced toxicity, stress and DNA damage in perfused lung cells of mice and it apparently has no effect on normal lung cells.

关键词： Thuja 30C benzo(a)pyrene reactive oxygen species oxidative stress HSP90heat-shock proteins in vitro

Largely tunable infrared luminescence from GaAsSb nanowires grown on Si substrate

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 202-202页

作者： Guoqiang Zhang NTT Basic Research laboratories NTT CorporationAtsugi 243-0198Japan

Ternary GaAs_(1-x)Sb_(x)nanowires have been extensively studied due to their tunable bandgaps and lattice constants,making it a suitable material for various optical and optoelectronic applications such as infrared photodetectors,lasers and optical fiber communication[1,2].Nevertheless,large diameters,low aspect ratios,uneven compositional distributions and even spontaneous core-shell structures have been always found in the previous reported GaAs_(1-x)Sb_(x)nanowires[3,4].

关键词： nanowires diameters Ternary

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Passive Integrated Sensing and Communication Scheme Based on RF Fingerprint Information Extraction for Cell-Free RAN

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China Communications 2025年第1期22卷 171-181页

作者： Yu Jingxuan Zeng Fan Li Jiamin Liu Feiyang Zhu Pengcheng Wang Dongming You Xiaohu National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Purple Mountain laboratories Nanjing 211111China 54th Research Institute of Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050081China

This paper investigates how to achieve integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)based on a cell-free radio access network(CF-RAN)architecture with a minimum footprint of communication *** propose a new passive sensing *** scheme is based on the radio frequency(RF)fingerprint learning of the RF radio unit(RRU)to build an RF fingerprint library of *** source RRU is identified by comparing the RF fingerprints carried by the signal at the receiver *** receiver extracts the channel parameters from the signal and estimates the channel environment,thus locating the reflectors in the *** proposed scheme can effectively solve the problem of interference between signals in the same time-frequency domain but in different spatial domains when multiple RRUs jointly serve users in CF-RAN *** results show that the proposed passive ISAC scheme can effectively detect reflector location information in the environment without degrading the communication performance.

关键词： CF-RAN ISAC passive sensing RF fingerprinting

Iron-handling solute carrier SLC22A17 as a blood-brain barrier target after stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3207-3208页

作者： Xueqi Ren Wenlu Li Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Neuroprotection Research laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is complex and multifactorial,involving various forms of cell death such as apoptosis,autophagy,and necrosis.A recent study suggests that oxidative and inflammatory stress can induce ferroptosis,a specialized form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides dependent on intracellular iron overload(Li and Jia,2023).

关键词： death specialized barrier