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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 361-374页

作者： Houyu Li Lu Tan Chunxue Zhang Xiaocheng Wei Qiang Wang Qian Li Xiangqun Zheng Yan Xu Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjin 300191China

Chinese government is vigorously promoting toilet renovation in rural areas to reduce the risk of human feces exposure,which would cause infectious diseases,especially antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and ***,the distribution of ARGs in human feces from different regions of China remained *** is not yet known how the survival of ARGs after toilet treatment is associated with the regional infection ***,we investigated the prevalence of ARGs in human feces in rural areas of China and their potential relationship with infectious diseases for the first *** results showed that there were still high ARGs residues in human feces after rural toilet treatment,especially tetM-01 and ermB with average relative abundance as high as 1.21×10^(−1)(Eastern)and 1.56×10^(−1)(Northern),*** a large regional scale,the significant differences in human feces resistomeswere mainly shaped by the toilet types,TN,NH_(3)-N,and the bacterial community.A critical finding was that toilets still cannot effectively decrease the pathogenicity risk in human *** significant positive relationship(P<0.05)between infectious diseases and ARGs can infer that ARGs in human feces exposure might be a critical path for enhancing the incidence of diseases,as these ARGs hinder the effectiveness of antibiotics.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Genes Disease Risk Human Feces rural area

Vermicompost:In situ retardant of antibiotic resistome accumulation in cropland soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 277-286页

作者： Meirui Mu Fengxia Yang Bingjun Han Guisheng Tian Keqiang Zhang Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjin 300191China Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green agriculture in North China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.ChinaBeijing 10083China Wuxue City agriculture and rural Bureau Wuhan 435400China

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil has become a global environmental *** is gaining prominence in agricultural practices as a soil amendment to improve soil ***,its impact on soil ARGs remains unclear when it occurs in *** comprehensively explored the evolution and fate of ARGs and their hosts in the field soil profiles under vermicompost application for more than *** application increased several ARG loads in soil environment but decreased the high-risk bla-ARGs(bla_(ampC),bla_(NDM),and bla_(GES-1))by log(0.04-0.43).ARGs in soil amended with vermicompost primarily occurred in topsoil(approximately 1.04-fold of unfertilized soil),but it is worth noting that their levels in the 40-60 cm soil layer were the same or even less than in the unfertilized *** microbial community structure changed in soil profiles after vermicompost *** application altered the microbial community structure in soil profiles,showing that the dominant bacteria(i.e.,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes)were decreased 2.62%-5.48%with the increase of soil depth.A network analysis further revealed that most of ARG dominant host bacteria did not migrate from surface soil to deep *** particular,those host bacteria harboring high-risk bla-ARGs were primarily concentrated in the surface *** study highlights a lower risk of the propagation of ARGs caused by vermicompost application and provides a novel approach to reduce and relieve the dissemination of ARGs derived from animals in agricultural production.

关键词： Vermicompost application Antibiotic resistance genes Vertical migration Soil profile Agricultural soils

Changes in chemical composition,structural and functional microbiome during alfalfa(Medicago sativa)ensilage with Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 100-109页

作者： Lijun You Weichen Bao Caiqing Yao Feiyan Zhao Hao Jin Weiqiang Huang Bohai Li Lai-Yu Kwok Wenjun Liu Key Laboratory of Dairy biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China

Improving silage production by adding exogenous microorganisms not only maximizes nutrient preservation,but also extends product shelf ***,changes in the quality and quantity of Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8(PS-8)-inoculated alfalfa(Medicago sativa)during silage fermentation were monitored at d 0,7,14,and 28(inoculum dose of PS-8 was 1105 colony forming units[cfu]/g fresh weight;50 kg per bag;10 bags for each time point)by reconstructing metagenomic-assembled genomes(MAG)and Growth Rate InDex(GRiD).Our results showed that the exogenous starter bacterium,PS-8 inoculation,became the most dominating strain by d 7,and possibly played a highly active role throughout the fermentation *** pH value of the silage decreased greatly,accompanied by the growth of acidproducing microorganisms namely PS-8,which inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms like molds(4.18 vs.1.42 log cfu/g)and coliforms(4.95 vs.0.66 log most probable number[MPN]/g).The content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)decreased significantly(41.6%vs.37.6%;dry matter basis).In addition,the abundance and diversity of genes coding microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZymes)increased significantly and desirably throughout the fermentation,particularly the genes responsible for degrading starch,arabino-xylan,and ***,our results showed that PS-8 was replicating rapidly and consistently during early-and mid-fermentation phases,promoting the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria and inhibiting undesirable microbes,ultimately improving the quality of silage.

关键词： Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8 Alfalfa silage Lactic acid bacteria Microbiota community Metagenomic-assembled genome

Exogenous strigolactones promote lateral root growth by reducing the endogenous auxin level in rapeseed

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 465-482页

作者： MA Ni WAN Lin ZHAO Wei LIU Hong-fang LI Jun ZHANG Chun-lei Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and ProductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Strigolactones(SLs)are newly discovered plant hormones which regulate the normal development of different plant organs,especially root *** root formation of rapeseed seedlings before winter has great effects on the plant growth and seed ***,we treated the seedlings of Zhongshuang 11(ZS11),an elite conventional rapeseed cultivar,with different concentrations of GR24(a synthetic analogue of strigolactones),and found that a low concentration(0.18μmol L–1)of GR24 could significantly increase the lateral root growth,shoot growth,and root/shoot ratio of ***-Seq analysis of lateral roots at 12 h,1 d,4 d,and 7 d after GR24 treatment showed that 2301,4626,1595,and 783 genes were significantly differentially expressed,*** enrichment analysis revealed that the plant hormone transduction pathway,tryptophan metabolism,and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were ***,transcription factors,including AP2/ERF,AUX/IAA,NAC,MYB,and WRKY,were up-regulated at 1 d after GR24 *** profiling further demonstrated that the amounts of various metabolites,such as indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and cis-zeatin were drastically *** particular,the concentrations of endogenous IAA significantly decreased by 52.4 and 75.8%at 12 h and 1 d after GR24 treatment,*** study indicated that low concentrations of exogenous SLs could promote the lateral root growth of rapeseed through interaction with other phytohormones,which provides useful clues for the effects of SLs on root architecture and crop productivity.

关键词： rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) strigolactones lateral root growth RNA-Seq metabolic profiling analysis

Design and experiments of 4CJ-1200 self-propelled tea plucking machine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第6期14卷 75-84页

作者： Yu Han Hongru Xiao Zhiyu Song Qiaomin Chen Wenqin Ding Song Mei Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization ministry of agriculture and rural affairs Nanjing 210014China Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

As agricultural labor is decreasing,famous tea production is nearly hard to sustain and is getting more and more expensive in *** improve the mechanization of tea plucking,this paper designs a self-propelled track-type tea plucking machine that integrates mechanic,hydraulic and *** main parameters of chassis were optimized based on conditions of tea ***,three different kinds of cutter blades were designed and analyzed about vibration performance with finite element ***,a rigid-flex mixed motion model was *** on the model and plots,it is explicit that:(1)the blades move in a sine law;(2)the blades take a symmetrical deform from middle to end while moving;(3)the deformation increases along the blade from the center to *** single factor experiment revealed that both travel speed and speed ratio of cutting and travelling had a significant effect on quality indexes(integrity rate,unpicking rate,stubble unevenness)of plucked tea *** universal rotary combination experiment of quadratic regression,the regression equations of three indexes about two experimental factors were ***,the comprehensive optimization of three indexes was conducted with software Design *** optimal operating parameters of machine are as follow:travel speed is 0.41 m/s,speed ratio of cutting and travelling is 1.06;prediction of three indexes are that integrity rate could be reach to 78.26%,unpicking rate reduced to 0.82%,stubble unevenness reduced to 1.30 *** results of verification experiment are that:integrity rate could be reach to 77.41%,unpicking rate reduced to 0.87%,stubble unevenness reduced to 1.23 *** test indexes that are very close to the predicted values,all surpass the requests specified in the standard of tea plucking with *** all,the optimized parameter set is indeed synthetically optimal one that enables the wide use of this tea plucking machine,which can be used in the tea garden that has a len

关键词： agricultural machine tea harvesting reciprocating cutter model design experiment optimization

Yield penalty of maize(Zea mays L.) under heat stress in different growth stages: A review

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2022年第9期21卷 2465-2476页

作者： LI Teng ZHANG Xue-peng LIU Qing LIU Jin CHEN Yuan-quan SUI Peng Key Laboratory of Farming Systems Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China

Maize(Zea mays L.) can exhibit yield penalties as a result of unfavorable changes to growing conditions. The main threat to current and future global maize production is heat stress. Maize may suffer from heat stress in all of the growth stages, either continuously or separately. In order to manage the impact of climate driven heat stress on the different growth stages of maize, there is an urgent need to understand the similarities and differences in how heat stress affects maize growth and yield in the different growth stages. For the purposes of this review, the maize growth cycle was divided into seven growth stages, namely the germination and seedling stage, early ear expansion stage, late vegetative growth stage before flowering, flowering stage, lag phase, effective grain-filling stage, and late grain-filling stage. The main focus of this review is on the yield penalty and the potential physiological changes caused by heat stress in these seven different stages. The commonalities and differences in heat stress related impacts on various physiological processes in the different growth stages are also compared and discussed. Finally, a framework is proposed to describe the main influences on yield components in different stages, which can serve as a useful guide for identifying management interventions to mitigate heat stress related declines in maize yield.

关键词： growth stage heat stress maize yield penalty

Screening of drought resistance indices and evaluation of drought resistance in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 495-508页

作者： ZOU Jie HU Wei LI Yu-xia HE Jia-qi ZHU Hong-hai ZHOU Zhi-guo Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University

Sixteen cotton cultivars widely planted in China were sowed under five different drought concentrations(0,2.5,5,7.5,and 10%)using PEG6000 to screen the indices of drought resistance identification and explore the drought resistance of different cotton *** physiological indices including root,stem,and leaf water contents(RWC,SWC,and LWC),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),the maximum photochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm),the actual photochemical quantum yield(ΦPSII),non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ),leaf water potential(LWP),osmotic potential(Ψs),leaf relative conductivity(REC),leaf proline content(Pro),leaf and root soluble protein contents(LSPC and RSPC),leaf and root malondialdehyde(MDA)contents(LMDA and RMDA),root superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase activities(RSOD,RPOD,and RCAT)were *** indicated the 18 physiological indices can be converted into five or six independent comprehensive indices by principal component analysis,and nine typical indices(Fv/Fm,SWC,LWP,Pro,LMDA,RSPC,RMDA,RSOD,and RCAT)screened out by a stepwise regression method could be utilized to evaluate the drought ***,the 16 cotton cultivars were divided into four types:drought sensitive,drought weak sensitive,moderate drought resistant,and drought resistant *** resistance ability of two selected cotton cultivars(drought resistant cultivar,Dexiamian 1;drought sensitive cultivar,Yuzaomian 9110)with contrasting drought sensitivities were further verified by pot *** showed that the responses of final cotton biomass,yield,and yield composition to drought were significantly different between the two *** conclusion,drought resistant cultivar Dexiamian 1 and drought sensitive cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 were screened through hydroponics experiment,which can be used as ideal experimental materials to study the mechanism of different cotton cultivars with contrasting drought sensitivities in response to drought stress.

关键词： cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) drought resistance screening indices principal component analysis cultivar verification

Promoting agricultural and rural modernization through application of information and communication technologies in China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第6期11卷 1-4页

作者： Dongyu Qu Xiaobing Wang Chunpeng Kang Yang Liu ministry of agriculture and rural affairs P.R.CBeijing 100125China Information Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsP.R.CBeijing 100125China

China has obtained remarkable major achievements of agricultural and rural development in the past five years,such as advance in agricultural supply-side structural reform,breakthroughs in rural reform,headway in urban-rural integration development,improvement in rural public services and social undertakings,progress in poverty alleviation,a new level in agricultural *** speaking,China is witnessing the following development in Information and Communication Technology(ICT)application in rural areas:Internet infrastructure is strengthened;E-commerce in rural areas is thriving;rural information service is upgraded;A solid progress has been made in Agricultural Internet of Things and rapid deployment of big-data *** paper summarizes the experiences gained in the development of agricultural and rural informatization in *** on this review,some suggestions were presented:Firstly,improving policy systems through innovation;secondly,strengthening ICT infrastructure;thirdly,giving full play to the primary role of market;fourthly,carrying out pilot demonstration and *** the same time,the problems faced by rural e-commerce development were also pointed out.

关键词： ICT application agriculture and rural development modernization agricultural informatization rural informatization internet of things e-commerce

Design and experiment on atomizer parameter of impinging low-speed centrifugal atomization sprayer

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第6期13卷 118-124页

作者： Dejiang Liu Yan Gong Xiao Chen Xiao Zhang Guo Wang Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

Atomizers were designed with different atomization parameters to obtain droplets that satisfy optimal particle size requirements for an impinging-type low-speed centrifugal atomizing *** main factors affecting droplet size are turntable speed,the number of teeth and the tooth shape of the toothed ***318 software was used to evaluate droplet sizes for different structures and the working parameters of the *** response surface method and Design-Expert were used to analyze the effect of each *** response surface analysis of the effect of structural and working parameters of the atomizer on the interaction between the volume medium diameter of the droplet and the spectral width of the droplet size was used to establish the atomizer droplet Granular spectrum prediction *** design fitting formulas are obtained,and the droplet sizes required for pesticides to control flying insect pests,to control the growth of reptile larvae,and the use of spraying fungicides to prevent crop damage were *** research provides a product not only similar to those in the market,but also the theoretical basis and references for innovation,development,and optimization of centrifugal atomization technology.

关键词： centrifugal atomization impinging low-speed droplets diameter optimal biological particle size theory quadratic regression analysis

Investigation of distribution uniformity of distributor for biogas slurry application based on CFD analysis

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 45-52,F0003页

作者： Jingjing Fu Yongsheng Chen Binxing Xu Biao Ma Pengjun Wang Aibing Wu Mingjiang Chen Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

A horizontal distributor for biogas slurry application was proposed to explore the distribution performance through CFD analysis and verified by field *** rheological properties of biogas slurry were analyzed at first,and key parameters were obtained for the next *** effects of distribution modes,inlet direction,and outlets number on the velocity distribution of flow field and mass flow rate of the horizonal distributor were investigated by CFD *** of rheological properties indicated that biogas slurry was a non-Newtonian fluid and exhibited shear-thinning *** can be well described by power-law *** simulation results showed that the geometry of rotor,especially the block numbers was the main factor that determining the fluid movement and trajectory of distribution and *** mode rotor 1 with two blocks reached the lowest variable coefficient of mass flow rate(4.49%),indicating a higher degree of *** upward inlet direction would obtain less dead zone,and the distributor with an even outlets number would possess more uniform distribution and less dead *** field test of the distributor with rotor 1,upward inlet direction,and 24 outlets has been carried on to verify the simulation results,the variable coefficient of mass flow was 13.06%,which was slightly higher than the simulation(9.23%),but it still within the range of requirement(<15%).The proposed model and the findings of this work are of guiding significance for the study of the utilization technology and equipment of liquid biogas residue.

关键词： distributor biogas slurry distribution uniformity rheological properties CFD