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Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q_(10) and vitamin E in long-lived termite queens than in short-lived workers

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 201-210页

作者： Eisuke Tasaki Yorihiro Yamamoto Yoshihito Iuchi department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan School of Bioscience and biotechnology Tokyo University of TechnologyHachiojiTokyoJapan

Termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers.Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated;however,the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear.Coenzyme Q(CoQ),a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain,plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense system.Its beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several organisms.Herein,we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ_(10) than workers.Liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ_(10) were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's body.In addition,queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E,which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ,than workers.Furthermore,the oral administration of CoQ_(10) to termites increased the CoQ_(10) redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative stress.These findings suggest that CoQ_(10) acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite queens.This study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ_(10) concentrations and termite lifespan extension.

关键词： antioxidant defense system coenzyme Q termite queens vitamin E

The concept of gene therapy for glaucoma:the dream that has not come true yet

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： Robert Sulak Xiaonan Liu Adrian Smedowski department of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of biotechnology HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland GlaucoTech Co. KatowicePoland

Gene therapies,despite of being a relatively new therapeutic approach,have a potential to become an important alternative to current treatment strategies in glaucoma.Since glaucoma is not considered a single gene disease,the identified goals of gene therapy would be rather to provide neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells,especially,in intraocular-pressure-independent manner.The most commonly reported type of vector for gene delivery in glaucoma studies is adeno-associated virus serotype 2 that has a high tro pism to retinal ganglion cells,res ulting in long-term expression and low immunogenic profile.The gene thera py studies recruit inducible and genetic animal models of optic neuropathy,like DBA/2J mice model of high-tension glaucoma and the optic nerve crush-model.Reported gene therapy-based neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells is targeting specific genes translating to growth factors(i.e.,brain derived neurotrophic factor,and its receptor TrkB),regulation of apoptosis and neurodegeneration(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xiap,FAS system,nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2,Digit3 and Sarm1),immunomodulation(i.e.,Crry,C3 complement),modulation of neuroinflammation(i.e.,e rythropoietin),reduction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)and transcription regulation(i.e.,Max,Nrf2).On the other hand,some of gene therapy studies focus on lowering intra ocular pressure,by impacting genes involved in both,decreasing aqueous humor production(i.e.,aquaporin 1),and increasing outflow facility(i.e.,COX2,prostaglandin F2a receptor,RhoA/RhoA kinase signaling pathway,MMP1,Myocilin).The goal of this review is to summarize the current stateof-art and the direction of development of gene therapy strategies for glaucomatous neuropathy.

关键词： adeno-associated virus gene editing gene therapy glaucoma IOP lowering IOP-independent mechanisms neuroprotection optic nerve optic neuropathy retinal ganglion cells

Parenteral iron therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2138-2142页

作者： Jelena Roganovic department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Children’s Hospital Zagreb10000 ZagrebCroatia Faculty of biotechnology and Drug Development University of RijekaRijeka 51000Croatia

Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)continues to be a global public health problem.Oral iron is the universally accepted first-line therapy,and most children have a prompt and favorable response to oral formulations.In subsets of children who fail to respond due to intolerance,poor adherence,or inadequate intestinal absorption,parenteral iron is indicated.Despite numerous studies in adults with IDA of diverse etiologies,pediatric studies on parenteral iron use are very limited.Although mostly retrospective and small,these studies have documented the efficacy and safety profile of intravenous iron formulations.In this editorial the author comments on the most important published data and underscores the need to seriously consider parenteral iron use in children unresponsive to oral therapy.

关键词： Anemia Iron deficiency Intravenous iron Iron deficiency anemia Children

Influence of edaphic factors on distribution and condition of Himalayan silver birch(Betula utilis D.Don)communities in the northwestern Indian Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 590-606页

作者： Khashti DASILA Renu RAWAL Tanay BARMAN Sher Singh SAMANT Anita PANDEY Veena PANDE G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Almora 263643India Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Land Management Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationDehradun 248006India Uttarakhand State Council for Science&Technology Dehradun 248015India department of biotechnology Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)Dehradun 248002India department of biotechnology Kumaun UniversityNainital 263136India

The basic concept of phytosociology is crucial for the assessment of species composition and dynamic ecological succession of forests supporting ecological services,functions,disturbance,and resilience that lead to the development of integrated areas such as ecological niche modeling and contribute to identifying the valuable bio-indicators which can be used in framing conservation and management planning.B.utilis is one of the most dominant tree species of treeline ecotone in the Himalayan Region.The species is also considered as indicator species for monitoring the past and recent climate change impact.The current study was carried out in the natural populations of B.utilis from the sub-alpine zone of North-western Indian Himalaya.The birch dominated forest harbors a total of 305 plant species comprising Angiosperms(51 families,160 genera and 277 species),Gymnosperms(03 families,05 genera and 07 species)and Pteridophytes(07 families,11 genera and 21 species)with Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae as dominant family.Birch forests are found dominant in shady moist habitat and North West aspect.Geographical characteristics,anthropogenic and developmental activities affect the population structure of B.utilis and associated species.However,the species has fair regeneration status in the study area.The acidic nature of soil pH and spatial variation in edaphic characteristics may be due to geographical differences,rooting patterns and litter accumulation of below and above-ground vegetation.Biomass estimation of a representative population of B.utilis from each site showed that TAGBD,TCD and TBD were found maximum in ST3(Hamta Pass II site).The CCA analysis determined that environmental variables such as altitude,organic matter,available phosphorous,organic carbon,available nitrogen,and electrical conductivity played a significant role in determining tree species composition and distribution in B.utilis dominated forests.

关键词： Species composition Indicator species Biomass North-western Indian Himalaya Regeneration Environmental variables

Sirt5 desuccinylates Cdc42 to mediate osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling in mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 75-78页

作者： Yuang Zhanngg Jing Wang Jing Luan Chuanju Liu Yazhou Cui Jinxiang Han department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJi'nanShandong 250014China Biomedical Sciences College&Shandong Medicinal biotechnology Centre Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi'nanShandong 250117China NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology Drugs(Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) Ji'nanShandong 250117China Key Lab for Rare&Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Ji'nanShandong250117China department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10003USA department of Cell biology New York University Grossman School of MedicineNewYorkNY10016USA

Post-translational modifications(PTMs)play a critical role in bone remodeling,with phosphorylation and acetylation being particularly well characterized.Recently,succinylation,a relatively uncommon PTM on lysine,has received considerable research attention for its influence on several physiological and pathological processes and conditions.1 Several substrates involved in mitochondrial pathways have been validated as substrates for the desuccinylase sirtuin 5(Sirt5),a key regulator of succinylation.2 Bone is one of the most metabolically active organs,but the role of succinylation during bone remodeling is not well characterized.

关键词： remodeling organs media

Recent Advances in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions in Alternative Reaction Media

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第4期42卷 406-429页

作者： Csaba Árvai László T.Mika department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology and BiotechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111 BudapestHungary

Since the discovery of the hydroformylation(oxo-synthesis or Roelen reaction)and the Reppe-reaction,the transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions,providing versatile,facile,and even atom-economic methods for the selective incorporation of C=O functionality to various skeletons,have gained tremendous importance in synthetic organic chemistry from laboratories to industrial applications.The carbonylation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds,aromatic halides,triflates,etc.,in the presence of various nucleophiles has led the way to produce aldehydes,carboxylic acids,esters,amides,etc.,in the fine chemical industry.However,these protocols usually proceed in conventional,fossil-based,and usually toxic reaction environments.Thus,several attempts have been directed to developing efficient carbonylation methods in alternative,less harmful,non-fossil-based and even in renewable reaction media.In this review,we overview the recent applications of alternative solvents such as water,biomass-based alcohols,γ-valerolactone(GVL),2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-MeTHF),ionic liquids(ILs),deep eutectic solvents(DES),alkyl levulinates,limonene,α-pinene,and dimethyl carbonate as well as fluorous media to improve efficiency,safety and environmentally benign nature of carbonylation protocols.

关键词： Carbonylation Catalysis Solvents Green chemistry Carbon monoxide Transition metals Homogeneous catalysis Palladium

A perspective review on the biosynthesis of plant-based secondary metabolites and their application as potent drugs

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BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 541-557页

作者： JHILAM PRAMANIK AKASH KUMAR SARVESH RUSTAGI MEHAK KATYAL SHEETAL THAKUR JUTISHNA BORA SUMIRA MALIK ANCHAL TREHAN NAYAN TALUKDAR PETR SLAMA department of Food Technology ITM UniversityGwaliorIndia department of Food Technology SRM UniversitySonipatIndia department of Food Technology Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia department of Nutrition and Dietetics Manav Rachna International Institute of Research&Studies(MRIIRS)FaridabadIndia University Centre for Research and Development UIBTChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia Amity institute of biotechnology Amity UniversityJharkhandRanchiIndia department of biotechnology University Center for Research&Development(UCRD)Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia department of Science Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical SciencesDehradunIndia Program of biotechnology Faculty of ScienceAssam down town UniversityGuwahatiIndia department of Animal Morphology Physiology and GeneticsMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic

Many phytochemicals and their derived metabolites produced by plants are extensively employed in commercial goods,pharmaceutical products as well as in the environmental and medicalﬁelds.However,these secondary metabolites obtained from plants are in low amounts,and it is difﬁcult to synthesize them at the industrial level.Despite these challenges,they may be utilized for a variety of medicinal products that are either available in the market or are being researched and tested.Secondary metabolites are complex compounds that exhibit chirality.Further,under controlled conditions with elicitors,desired secondary metabolites may be produced from plant cell cultures.This review emphasizes the various aspects of secondary metabolites including their types,synthesis,and applications as medicinal products.The article aims to promote the use of plant secondary metabolites in the management and treatment of various diseases.

关键词： Secondary metabolites Medicinal plant Synthesis Health benefits

Establishment of a chicken intestinal organoid culture system to assess deoxynivalenol‑induced damage of the intestinal barrier function

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1119-1130页

作者： Tae Hong Kang Sang In Lee department of Animal Science and biotechnology Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuGyeong‑Sangbuk‑Do 37224Republic of Korea Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University37224SangjuGyeong‑Sangbuk‑DoRepublic of Korea

Background Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a mycotoxin that has received recognition worldwide because of its ability to cause growth delay,nutrient malabsorption,weight loss,emesis,and a reduction of feed intake in livestock.Since DON-contaminated feedstuff is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract,we used chicken organoids to assess the DON-induced dysfunction of the small intestine.Results We established a culture system using chicken organoids and characterized the organoids at passages 1 and 10.We confirmed the mRNA expression levels of various cell markers in the organoids,such as KI67,leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5(Lgr5),mucin 2(MUC2),chromogranin A(CHGA),cytokeratin 19(CK19),lysozyme(LYZ),and microtubule-associated doublecortin-like kinase 1(DCLK1),and compared the results to those of the small intestine.Our results showed that the organoids displayed functional similarities in permeability compared to the small intestine.DON damaged the tight junctions of the organoids,which resulted in increased permeability.Conclusions Our organoid culture displayed topological,genetic,and functional similarities with the small intes-tine cells.Based on these similarities,we confirmed that DON causes small intestine dysfunction.Chicken organoids offer a practical model for the research of harmful substances.

关键词： Barrier function Deoxynivalenol Organoids

Knock-out of BnHva22c reduces the susceptibility of Brassica napus to infection with the fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 503-514页

作者： Wanzhi Ye Roxana Hossain Michael Prbsting Abdallah Abdelmegid Mohamed Ali Lingyue Han Ying Miao Steffen Rietz Daguang Cai Dirk Schenke department of Molecular Phytopathology and biotechnology Institute of PhytopathologyChristian-Albrechts-University of KielKielGermany Institut für Zuckerrübenforschung GöttingenGermany Plant Pathology department Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesAswan UniversityAswanEgypt Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional biology College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina Hohenlieth-Hof NPZ Innovation GmbHHoltseeGermany

Verticillium longisporum(Vl43)is a soilborne hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causing stem striping on oilseed rape(OSR)and severe yield losses.Breeding for resistant varieties is the most promising approach to control this disease.Here,we report the identification of Hva22c as a novel susceptibility factor and its potential for improving OSR resistance.Hva22c is a member of the Hva22 gene family,originally described for barley(Hordeum vulgare).Several Hva22 members have been located at the endoplasmic reticulum.Hva22c is up-regulated in response to Vl43 in both Arabidopsis and OSR.We demonstrate that knock-out of Hva22c in OSR by CRISPR/Cas9 and its homolog in Arabidopsis by T-DNA insertion reduced plants’susceptibility to Vl43 infection and impaired the development of disease symptoms.To understand the underlying mechanism,we analysed transcriptomic data from infected and non-infected roots of hva22c knock-out and wild type plants.We identified a homozygous mutant with frame-shifts in all four BnHva22c loci displaying a vastly altered transcriptional landscape at 6 dpi.Significantly,a large set of genes was suppressed under mock conditions including genes related to the endomembrane systems.Among the up-regulated genes we found several defense-related and phytohormone-responsive genes when comparing mutant to the wild type.These results demonstrate that Hva22c is functionally required for a fully compatible plant-fungus interaction.Its loss of function reduces plant susceptibility,most likely due to endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi dysfunction accompanied by additionally activated defense responses.These findings can help improve OSR resistance to V.longisporum infection.

关键词： Hva22c Susceptibility factor CRISPR/Cas9 Brassica napus Arabidopsis Verticillium longisporum Resistance breeding