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Real-Time High-Resolution MRI Endoscopy at up to 10 Frames per Second

Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2021年第1期2卷 55-64页

作者： Xiaoyang Liu Parag Karmarkar Dirk Voit Jens Frahm Clifford R.Weiss Dara L.Kraitchman Paul A.Bottomley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityUSA The Division of MR Research Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA biomedizinishe nmr Max-Plank-Institut fur Biophysikalische ChemieGottingenGermany The Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA

Objective.Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity.Optical endoscopy,ultrasound,and X-ray offer minimally invasive imaging assessments but have limited sensitivity for characterizing disease and therapeutic response.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)endoscopy is a newer idea employing tiny catheter-mounted detectors connected to the MRI scanner.It can see through vessel walls and provide soft-tissue sensitivity,but its slow imaging speed limits practical applications.Our goal is highresolution MRI endoscopy with real-time imaging speeds comparable to existing modalities.Methods.Intravascular(3 mm)transmit-receive MRI endoscopes were fabricated for highly undersampled radial-projection MRI in a clinical 3-tesla MRI scanner.Iterative nonlinear reconstruction was accelerated using graphics processor units connected via a single ethernet cable to achieve true real-time endoscopy visualization at the scanner.MRI endoscopy was performed at 6-10 frames/sec and 200-300μm resolution in human arterial specimens and porcine vessels ex vivo and in vivo and compared with fully sampled 0.3 frames/sec and three-dimensional reference scans using mutual information(MI)and structural similarity(3-SSIM)indices.Results.High-speed MRI endoscopy at 6-10 frames/sec was consistent with fully sampled MRI endoscopy and histology,with feasibility demonstrated in vivo in a large animal model.A 20-30-fold speed-up vs.0.3 frames/sec reference scans came at a cost of~7%in MI and~45%in 3-SSIM,with reduced motion sensitivity.Conclusion.High-resolution MRI endoscopy can now be performed at frame rates comparable to those of X-ray and optical endoscopy and could provide an alternative to existing modalities,with MRI’s advantages of soft-tissue sensitivity and lack of ionizing radiation.

关键词： scanner frames mounted

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