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Epigenetic regulation of drug metabolism and transport

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第2期5卷 106-112页

作者： Lai Peng Xiaobo Zhong Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Connecticut Key Laboratory of System biomedicine Center for Comparative Biomedicine Institute of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University

The drug metabolism is a biochemical process on modification of pharmaceutical substances through specialized enzymatic systems. Changes in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes can affect drug metabolism. Recently, epigenetic regulation of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes has emerged as an important mechanism. Epigenetic regulation refers to heritable factors of genomic modifications that do not involve changes in DNA sequence. Examples of such modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. This review examines the widespread effect of epigenetic regulations on genes involved in drug metabolism, and also suggests a network perspective of epigenetic regulation. The epigenetic mechanisms have important clinical implications and may provide insights into effective drug development and improve safety of drug therapy.

关键词： Drug metabolism DNA methylation Epigenetics Histone modification Non-coding RNA Transporter

Role of farnesoid X receptor in establishment of ontogeny of phase-I drug metabolizing enzyme genes in mouse liver

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 453-459页

作者： Lai Peng Stephanie Piekos Grace L.Guo Xiao-bo Zhong Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Connecticut Key Laboratory of System biomedicine Center for Comparative BiomedicineInstitute of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyRutgers University

The expression of phase-I drug metabolizing enzymes in liver changes dramatically during postnatal liver *** X receptor(FXR) is critical for bile acid and lipid homeostasis in ***,the role of FXR in regulating ontogeny of phase-I drug metabolizing genes is not ***,we applied RNA-sequencing to quantify the developmental expression of phase-I genes in both Fxr-null and control(C57BL/6) mouse livers during *** samples of male C57BL/6 and Fxr-null mice at6 different ages from prenatal to adult were *** Fxr-null showed an overall effect to diminish the "day-1 surge" of phase-I gene expression,including cytochrome P450 s at neonatal *** the 185 phase-I genes from 12 different families,136 were expressed,and differential expression during development occurred in genes from all 12 phase-I families,including hydrolysis: carboxylesterase(Ces),paraoxonase(Pon),and epoxide hydrolase(Ephx); reduction: aldoketo reductase(Akr),quinone oxidoreductase(Nqo),and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(Dpyd); and oxidation: alcohol dehydrogenase(Adh),aldehyde dehydrogenase(Aldh),flavin monooxygenases(Fmo),molybdenum hydroxylase(Aox and Xdh),cytochrome P450(P450),and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase(Por).The data also suggested new phase-I genes potentially targeted by *** results revealed an important role of FXR in regulation of ontogeny of phase-I genes.

关键词： Drug metabolizing enzymes Farnesoid X receptor Liver Ontogeny Fxr-null mouse Gene expression

Overcoming mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1486-1488页

作者： João Pessoa Ana I.Duarte CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Due to their intense electrical activity,neurons have high energy *** requirement makes them particularly sensitive to mitochondrial *** all eukaryotic cells,neurons have intrinsic mechanisms to mitigate the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequent production of toxic *** such(neuro)protective mechanisms,mitochondrial autophagy(mitophagy)is responsible for the removal of dysfunctional *** inhibition of mitophagy,together with insufficient mitochondrial activity,results in a shortage of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)(Simmons et al.,2020).

关键词： protective dysfunction intense

The role of Dicer1 in the male reproductive tract

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 737-741,I0007页

作者： Ida Bjorkgren Department of Physiology Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland Turku Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Sciences Turku Finland Department of Physiology Institute of Biomedicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Laboratory Animal Centre University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Dicer1 is an RNase Ⅲ enzyme necessary for microRNA （miRNA） biogenesis, as it cleaves pre-miRNAs into mature miRNAs, miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression. In recent years, several miRNA-independent roles of Dicer1 have been identified. They include the production of endogenous small interfering RNAs, detoxifying retrotransposon-derived transcripts, and binding to new targets; messenger RNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Further, in this review, the functional significance of Dicer1 in the male reproductive tract is discussed. Conditional Dicer1 knock-out mouse models have demonstrated a requisite role for Dicer in male fertility. Deletion of Dicer1 from somatic or germ cells in the testis cause spermatogenic problems rendering male mice infertile. The lack of Dicer1 in the proximal epididymis causes dedifferentiation of the epithelium, with unbalanced sex steroid receptor expression, defects in epithelial lipid homeostasis, and subsequent male infertility. In addition, Dicer1 ablation from the prostate leads to increased apoptosis of the differentiated luminal cells, followed by epithelial hypotrophy of the ventral prostate. However, further studies are needed to clarify which functions of Dicer1 are responsible for the observed phenotypes in the male reproductive tract.

关键词： Dicer 1 epididymis prostate seminal vesicle testis vas deferens

Gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16639-16648页

作者： Giulia Malaguarnera Maria Giordano Giuseppe Nunnari Gaetano Bertino Michele Malaguarnera Department of Clinical and Molecular biomedicine Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry Research Centre "The Great Senescence" University of Catania Cannizzaro Hospital Infective Diseases Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Garibaldi Hospital of Nesima Hepatology Unit Department of Medical and Pediatric Science University of Catania

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the commonest cause of cirrhosis in many Western countries and it has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis is characterized by complex interactions between metabolic intermediates of alcohol. Bacterial intestinal flora is itself responsible for production of endogenous ethanol through the fermentation of carbohydrates. The intestinal metabolism of alcohol produces a high concentration of toxic acetaldehyde that modifies gut permeability and microbiota equilibrium. Furthermore it causes direct hepatocyte damage. In patients who consume alcohol over a long period, there is a modification of gut microbiota and, in particular, an increment of Gram negative bacteria. This causes endotoxemia and hyperactivation of the immune system. Endotoxin is a constituent of Gram negative bacteria cell walls. Two types of receptors, cluster of differentiation 14 and Toll-like receptors-4, present on Kupffer cells, recognize endotoxins. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of gut-liver axis and new treatments have been studied in recent years to reduce progression of ALD modifying gut microbiota. It has focused attention on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Bacterial translocation Dysbiosis Prebiotics Probiotics Synbiotic Gut microbiota Endotoxin

Evaluation of imatinib mesylate(Gleevec) on KAI1/CD82 gene expression in breast cancer MCF-7 cells using quantitative real-time PCR

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2016年第2期6卷 159-163页

作者： Seyed Ataollah Sadat Shandiz Marjan Khosravani Sepideh Mohammadi Hassan Noorbazargan Amir Mirzaie Davoud Nouri Inanlou Mojgan Dalirsaber Jalali Hamidreza Jouzaghkar Fahimeh Baghbani-Arani Behta Keshavarz-Pakseresht Young Researchers and Elite Club East Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Microbiology Shiraz Azad University Department of Microbiology Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch Department of Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences R&D Department Research and Production Complex Pasteur Institute of Iran Department of Microbiology Faculty of Basic Science Young Researcher Club Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Genetics & Biotechnology School of Biological Science Varamin-Pishva Branch Islamic Azad University

Objective: To evaluate the effect of imatinib mesylate on cell viability, anti cancer effect through modulation of KAI1/CD82 gene expression in breast cancer MCF-7 cell ***: The effects of imatinib mesylate on cell viability in MCF-7 cell line were assessed using MTT assay and IC_(50) value was determined. GAPDH and KAI1/CD82 were selected as reference and target genes, respectively. Quantitative real time PCR technique was applied for investigation of KAI1/CD82 gene expression in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, the quantity of KAI1 compared to GAPDH gene expressions were analyzed using the formula; 2^(-DDCt).Results: Imatinib was showed to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the viability of MCF-7 cells. CD82/GAPDH gene expression ratios were 1.322 ± 0.030(P > 0.05),2.052 ± 0.200(P < 0.05), 2.151 ± 0.270(P < 0.05) for 10, 20 and 40 mmol/L of imatinib ***: Based on the present data, imatinib mesylate might modulate metastasis by up-regulating KAI1/CD82 gene expression in human breast MCF-7 cancer cell line.

关键词： Imatinib mesylate KAI1/CD82 Metastasis Breast cancer Real-time PCR

DMH1(4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) inhibits chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第4期5卷 330-336页

作者： Yue Sheng Bo Sun Xin Xie Na Li Deli Dong The State-Province Key Laboratories of biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research Ministry of Education Department of PharmacologyHarbin Medical University

Our previous work found that DMH1(4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) was a novel autophagy inhibitor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of DMH1 on chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy as well as the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in different cancer cells. We found that DMH1 inhibited tamoxifen- and cispcis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II)(CDDP)-induced autophagy responses in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, and potentiated the anti-tumor activity of tamoxifen and CDDP for both cells. DMH1 inhibited 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced autophagy responses in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, but did not affect the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU for these two cell lines. DMH1 itself did not induce cell death in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, but inhibited the proliferation of these cells. In conclusion, DMH1 inhibits chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy response and the enhancement of efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by DMH1 is dependent on the cell sensitivity to drugs.

关键词： Autophagy Tamoxifen 5-Fluorouracil Cancer cells

Endometritis associated with Enterococcus casseliflavus in a mare:A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 760-762页

作者： Francesca Paola Nocera Chiara Papulino Chiara Del Prete Veronica Palumbo Maria Pia Pasolini Luisa De Martino Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal production University of Naples'FedericoⅡ'NaplesItaly

Infectious endometritis is one of the main causes of subfertility/infertility in the mare. In this report, we present the first case of endometritis in mare associated with a strain of Enterococcus casseliflavus, an unusual gram-positive bacterium which can also be a zoonotic agent. Furthermore, the isolated strain showed a worrying multidrug-resistant profile. The accurate finding of a successful antimicrobial treatment and consequently,the pregnancy diagnosis indicate the importance to isolate, identify and define the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria associated with endometritis.

关键词： Endometritis Enterococcus casseliflavus Mares Subfertility

Chronic activation of 4-1BB signaling induces granuloma development in tumor-draining lymph nodes that is detrimental to subsequent CD8^(+)T cell responses

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 1956-1968页

作者： Seon-Hee Kim Rohit Singh Chungyong Han Eunjung Cho Yu I.Kim Don G.Lee Young H.Kim Sang Soo Kim Dong Hoon Shin Hye Jin You Hyeon-Woo Lee Byoung S.Kwon Beom K.Choi Division of Tumor Immunology National Cancer CenterGoyang10408Republic of Korea Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer CenterGoyang10408Republic of Korea biomedicine production branch Program for Immunotherapy ResearchGoyang10408Republic of Korea Eutilex Institute for Biomedical Research EutilexCo.Ltd.Seoul08594Republic of Korea Division of Convergence Technology National Cancer CenterGoyang10408Republic of Korea Division of Translational Science National Cancer CenterGoyang10408Republic of Korea Institute of Oral Biology School of DentistryGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoul02447Republic of Korea Department of Medicine Tulane University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA70112USA

The antitumor capabilities of agonistic anti-4-1BB mAbs have made them an attractive target for tumor ***,the adverse side effects associated with agonist antibodies have hindered their clinical ***,we aimed to study the immune-related adverse events of repeated doses and long-term use of agonistic anti-4-1BB *** show that chronic activation of 4-1BB signals induced the accumulation of IFN-γ-producing PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing mice by increasing the number of dividing CD8^(+)T cells,which was beneficial for suppressing tumor growth in the early phase of anti-4-1BB ***,repeated exposure to anti-4-1BB mAbs led to granuloma development in tumor-draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)of mice due to recruitment and accumulation of macrophages via the CD8^(+)T cell-IFN-γ*** was accompanied by excessive lymph node swelling,which impaired the sequential activation of CD8^(+)T *** data provide insights into the immune-related adverse events of long-term agonist 4-1BB antibody dosing,which should be considered during the clinical development of immunomodulating therapy.

关键词： 4-1BB Costimulation Granuloma CD8 lymphocyte Macrophage