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Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo Valli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe De Vito department of biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy department Artificial Intelligence in biomedical engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of AR.During ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated shoe.The AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/week.Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after AR.MUs were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection points.Results:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately tracked.After ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% MVC.Impaired MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after AR.Similar changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked MUs.Conclusion:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization threshold.However,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plasticity of the components involved in neural cont

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

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Biomimetic microchannel network with functional endothelium formed by sacrificial electrospun fibers inside 3D gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel models

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2024年第1期25卷 79-96页

作者： Haoyu SUN Haiyang MA Li WANG Yang LIU Tian HOU Wenjie TANG Qing YU Meiwen AN Meiling WEN Institute of biomedical engineering College of Biomedical EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China

Three-dimensional(3D)hydrogel models play a crucial role in tissue engineering for promoting tissue regeneration.A biomimetic microchannel network system in the 3D hydrogel model is necessary for optimal cellular function.This report describes the preparation of a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold with an internal microchannel network,using electrospinning techniques and the sacrificial template method for 3D cell culture.Microchannels and cavities were created within the gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel by sacrificing polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)electrospun fibers(>10µm),resulting in the creation of microvessel-like channels.Mechanical characterizations,swelling properties,and biodegradation analysis were conducted to investigate the feasibility of a biomimetic microchannel network hydrogel scaffold for 3D cell culture applications.Compared to pure GelMA hydrogel,the hydrogel with microchannels promoted cell proliferation,adhesion,and endothelial tube formation.Moreover,the results confirmed that the biomimetic microchannel network scaffold had a major impact on the distribution and arrangement of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and can enable the formation of artificial microvasculature by the culture of HUVECs and cell media perfusion.

关键词： Biomimetic scaffold Photocrosslinking Microchannel network Tissue engineering Artificial microvascular

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Stimulated Raman scattering tomography for rapid three-dimensional chemical imaging of cells and tissue

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 20-31页

作者： Weiqi Wang Zhiwei Huang National University of Singapore College of Design and EngineeringOptical Bioimaging LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSingapore

Three-dimensional(3D)imaging is essential for understanding intricate biological and biomedical systems,yet live cell and tissue imaging applications still face challenges due to constrained imaging speed and strong scattering in turbid media.Here,we present a unique phase-modulated stimulated Raman scattering tomography(PM-SRST)technique to achieve rapid label-free 3D chemical imaging in cells and tissue.To accomplish PM-SRST,we utilize a spatial light modulator to electronically manipulate the focused Stokes beam along the needle Bessel pump beam for SRS tomography without the need for mechanical z scanning.We demonstrate the rapid 3D imaging capability of PM-SRST by real-time monitoring of 3D Brownian motion of polystyrene beads in water with 8.5 Hz volume rate,as well as the instant biochemical responses to acetic acid stimulants in MCF-7 cells.Further,combining the Bessel pump beam with a longer wavelength Stokes beam(NIR-II window)provides a superior scattering resilient ability in PM-SRST,enabling rapid tomography in deeper tissue areas.The PM-SRST technique providestwofold enhancement in imaging depth in highly scattering media(e.g.,polymer beads phantom and biotissue like porcine skin and brain tissue)compared with conventional point-scan SRS.We also demonstrate the rapid 3D imaging ability of PM-SRST by observing the dynamic diffusion and uptake processes of deuterium oxide molecules into plant roots.The rapid PM-SRST developed can be used to facilitate label-free 3D chemical imaging of metabolic activities and functional dynamic processes of drug delivery and therapeutics in live cells and tissue.

关键词： stimulated Raman scattering tomography deep tissue Raman imaging spatial light modulation

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Wettability Gradient-Induced Diode:MXene-Engineered Membrane for Passive-Evaporative Cooling

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 382-397页

作者： Leqi Lei Shuo Meng Yifan Si Shuo Shi Hanbai Wu Jieqiong Yang Jinlian Hu department of biomedical engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.R 999077China

Thermoregulatory textiles,leveraging high-emissivity structural materials,have arisen as a promising candidate for personal cooling management;however,their advancement has been hindered by the underperformed water moisture transportation capacity,which impacts on their thermophysiological comfort.Herein,we designed a wettability-gradient-induced-diode(WGID)membrane achieving by MXene-engineered electrospun technology,which could facilitate heat dissipation and moisture-wicking transportation.As a result,the obtained WGID membrane could obtain a cooling temperature of 1.5℃ in the“dry”state,and 7.1℃ in the“wet”state,which was ascribed to its high emissivity of 96.40%in the MIR range,superior thermal conductivity of 0.3349 W m^(-1) K^(-1)(based on radiation-and conduction-controlled mechanisms),and unidirectional moisture transportation property.The proposed design offers an approach for meticulously engineering electrospun membranes with enhanced heat dissipation and moisture transportation,thereby paving the way for developing more efficient and comfortable thermoregulatory textiles in a high-humidity microenvironment.

关键词： Passive-evaporative cooling MXene Electrospun membrane Wettability gradient Diode

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Aberration correction for deformable-mirror-based remote focusing enables high-accuracy whole-cell super-resolution imaging

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 821-832页

作者： WEI SHI YINGCHUAN HE JIANLIN WANG LULU ZHOU JIANWEI CHEN LIWEI ZHOU ZEYU XI ZHEN WANG KE FANG YIMING LI department of biomedical engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Single-molecule localization microscopy(SMLM)enables three-dimensional(3D)investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples,offering unique insights into their organization.However,traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture(NA)objectives is limited by imaging depth of field(DOF),restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples.Here,we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror(DM)which served for fast remote focusing,optimized point spread function(PSF)engineering,and accurate aberration correction.By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths,we achieved high-accuracy,large DOF imaging(~8μm)of the whole-cell organelles[i.e.,nuclear pore complex(NPC),microtubules,and mitochondria]with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.

关键词： enable mirror resolution

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Transient stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy and imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 654-663页

作者： Qiaozhi Yu Zhengjian Yao Jiaqi Zhou Wenhao Yu Chenjie Zhuang Yafeng Qi Hanqing Xiong National biomedical Imaging Center College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China biomedical engineering department College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)has been developed as an essential quantitative contrast for chemical imaging in recent years.However,while spectral lines near the natural linewidth limit can be routinely achieved by state-of-the-art spontaneous Raman microscopes,spectral broadening is inevitable for current mainstream SRS imaging methods.This is because those SRS signals are all measured in the frequency domain.There is a compromise between sensitivity and spectral resolution:as the nonlinear process benefits from pulsed excitations,the fundamental time-energy uncertainty limits the spectral resolution.Besides,the spectral range and acquisition speed are mutually restricted.Here we report transient stimulated Raman scattering(T-SRS),an alternative time-domain strategy that bypasses all these fundamental conjugations.T-SRS is achieved by quantum coherence manipulation:we encode the vibrational oscillations in the stimulated Raman loss(SRL)signal by femtosecond pulse-pair sequence excited vibrational wave packet interference.The Raman spectrum was then achieved by Fourier transform of the time-domain SRL signal.Since all Raman modes are impulsively and simultaneously excited,T-SRS features the natural-linewidth-limit spectral line shapes,laser-bandwidth-determined spectral range,and improved sensitivity.With~150-fs laser pulses,we boost the sensitivity of typical Raman modes to the sub-mM level.With all-plane-mirror high-speed time-delay scanning,we further demonstrated hyperspectral SRS imaging of live-cell metabolism and high-density multiplexed imaging with the natural-linewidth-limit spectral resolution.T-SRS shall find valuable applications for advanced Raman imaging.

关键词： scattering excited mutually

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Liquid metal biomaterials: translational medicines,challenges and perspectives

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 264-284页

作者： Hanchi Xu Jincheng Lu Yikuang Xi Xuelin Wang Jing Liu department of biomedical engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University Shanghai World Foreign Language Academy Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for biomedical engineering School of Engineering MedicineBeihang University Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Until now, significant healthcare challenges and growing urgent clinical requirements remain incompletely addressed by presently available biomedical materials. This is due to their inadequate mechanical compatibility, suboptimal physical and chemical properties, susceptibility to immune rejection, and concerns about long-term biological safety. As an alternative, liquid metal(LM) opens up a promising class of biomaterials with unique advantages like biocompatibility, flexibility, excellent electrical conductivity,and ease of functionalization. However, despite the unique advantages and successful explorations of LM in biomedical fields, widespread clinical translations and applications of LM-based medical products remain limited. This article summarizes the current status and future prospects of LM biomaterials, interprets their applications in healthcare, medical imaging, bone repair, nerve interface, and tumor therapy, etc.Opportunities to translate LM materials into medicine and obstacles encountered in practices are discussed.Following that, we outline a blueprint for LM clinics, emphasizing their potential in making new-generation artificial organs. Last, the core challenges of LM biomaterials in clinical translation, including bio-safety,material stability, and ethical concerns are also discussed. Overall, the current progress, translational medicine bottlenecks, and perspectives of LM biomaterials signify their immense potential to drive future medical breakthroughs and thus open up novel avenues for upcoming clinical practices.

关键词： liquid metal biomaterials translational medicine clinical device healthcare therapeutics

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Unveiling protein corona composition:predicting with resampling embedding and machine learning

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 27-33页

作者： Rong Liao Yan Zhuang Xiangfeng Li Ke Chen Xingming Wang Cong Feng Guangfu Yin Xiangdong Zhu Jiangli Lin Xingdong Zhang College of biomedical engineering National Engineering Research Centre for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Biomaterials with surface nanostructures effectively enhance protein secretion and stimulate tissue regeneration.When nanoparticles(NPs)enter the living system,they quickly interact with proteins in the body fluid,forming the protein corona(PC).The accurate prediction of the PC composition is critical for analyzing the osteoinductivity of biomaterials and guiding the reverse design of NPs.However,achieving accurate predictions remains a significant challenge.Although several machine learning(ML)models like Random Forest(RF)have been used for PC prediction,they often fail to consider the extreme values in the abundance region of PC absorption and struggle to improve accuracy due to the imbalanced data distribution.In this study,resampling embedding was introduced to resolve the issue of imbalanced distribution in PC data.Various ML models were evaluated,and RF model was finally used for prediction,and good correlation coefficient(R^(2))and root-mean-square deviation(RMSE)values were obtained.Our ablation experiments demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an R^(2) of 0.68,indicating an improvement of approximately 10%,and an RMSE of 0.90,representing a reduction of approximately 10%.Furthermore,through the verification of label-free quantification of four NPs:hydroxyapatite(HA),titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),silicon dioxide(SiO_(2))and silver(Ag),and we achieved a prediction performance with an R^(2) value>0.70 using Random Oversampling.Additionally,the feature analysis revealed that the composition of the PC is most significantly influenced by the incubation plasma concentration,PDI and surface modification.

关键词： nanoparticles protein corona machine learming resampling technique feature analysis

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Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 682-695页

作者： Sartanee Suebka Euan McLeod Judith Su Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA department of biomedical engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microtoroid resonators are one of the most sensitive biochemical sensors in existence,capable of detecting single molecules.The main barrier for translating these devices out of the laboratory is that light is evanescently coupled into these devices though a tapered optical fiber.This hinders translation of these devices as the taper is fragile,suffers from mechanical vibration,and requires precise positioning.Here,we eliminate the need for an optical fiber by coupling light into and out from a toroid via free-space coupling and monitoring the scattered resonant light.A single long working distance objective lens combined with a digital micromirror device(DMD)was used for light injection,scattered light collection,and imaging.We obtain Q-factors as high as 1:6´108 with this approach.Electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)-like and Fano resonances were observed in a single cavity due to indirect coupling in free space.This enables improved sensing sensitivity.The large effective coupling area(~10μm in diameter for numerical aperture=0.14)removes the need for precise positioning.Sensing performance was verified by combining the system with the frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator(FLOWER)approach to perform temperature sensing experiments.A thermal nonlinear optical effect was examined by tracking the resonance through FLOWER while adjusting the input power.We believe that this work will be a foundation for expanding the implementation of WGM microtoroid resonators to real-world applications.

关键词： coupling scattered precise

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Noncontact ultrasound sensing based on Mach-Zehnder homodyne interferometer for photoacoustic imaging

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第3期22卷 101-106页

作者：龙星胡毅成王一冰李长辉 department of biomedical engineering College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National biomedical Imaging Center Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

We present a novel noncontact ultrasound(US)and photoacoustic imaging(PAI)system,overcoming the limitations of traditional coupling media.Using a long coherent length laser,we employ a homodyne free-space Mach-Zehnder setup with zero-crossing triggering,achieving a noise equivalent pressure of 703 Pa at 5 MHz and a-6 dB bandwidth of 1 to8.54 MHz.We address the phase uncertainty inherent in the homodyne method.Scanning the noncontact US probe enables photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT).Phantom studies demonstrate imaging performance and system stability,underscoring the potential of our system for noncontact US sensing and PAI.

关键词： noncontact ultrasound sensing photoacoustic imaging Mach–Zehnder interferometer

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