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Recent advances in the magnetic reconnection, dipolarization, and auroral processes at giant planets from the perspective of comparative planetology

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 659-672页

作者： ZhongHua Yao RuiLong Guo Yong Wei Bertrand Bonfond Denis Grodent BinZheng Zhang William R.Dunn ZuYin Pu Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire STAR InstituteUniversitéde Liège Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University department of Earth sciences the University of Hong Kong department of Physics and Astronomy University College London School of Earth and Space sciences Peking University

Magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are crucial processes driving magnetospheric dynamics, including particle energization, mass circulation, and auroral processes, among others. Recent studies have revealed that these processes at Saturn and Jupiter are fundamentally different from the ones at Earth. The reconnection and dipolarization processes are far more important than previously expected in the dayside magnetodisc of Saturn and potentially Jupiter. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection was directly identified by using Cassini measurements(Guo RL et al., 2018b) and was found to be drizzle-like and rotating in the magnetosphere of Saturn(Delamere et al., 2015b; Yao ZH et al., 2017a; Guo RL et al., 2019). Moreover, magnetic dipolarization could also exist at Saturn's dayside(Yao ZH et al., 2018), which is fundamentally different from the terrestrial situation. These new results significantly improve our understanding of giant planetary magnetospheric dynamics and provide key insights revealing the physics of planetary aurorae. Here, we briefly review these recent advances and their potential implications for future investigations.

关键词： magnetosphere magnetic reconnection magnetic depolarization

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RHA2b-mediated MYB30 degradation facilitates MYB75-regulated,sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seedlings

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 62-76页

作者： Huapeng Zhou Jiaxian He Yiyi Zhang Hongyun Zhao Xia Sun Xi Chen Xinrui Liu Yuan Zheng Honghui Lin Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510642China State Key Laboratory of Cotton biology Department of BiologyHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Anthocyanins play diverse roles in plant physiology and stress *** Arabidopsis,the MYB–bHLH–WD40(MBW)complex has a crucial role in the regulation of anthocyanin ***,we report that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB30 and the ubiquitin E3 ligase RHA2b participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis through regulation of the MBW ***30 was found to negatively regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis *** of multiple genes involved inflavo-noid or anthocyanin biosynthesis was affected in the myb30 mutant,and MYB30 directly repressed the expression of MYB75,which encodes a core component of the MBW complex,by binding to its ***,MYB30 physically interacted with MYB75 to inhibit its activity by repressing MBW complex *** addition,sucrose treatment signicantly promoted MYB30 degradation via the action of *** ubiquitination and degradation of MYB30 were signicantly attenuated in the rha2b mutant un-der high-sucrose treatment,and further analysis showed that MYB75 directly promoted RHA2b expression in response to high *** work thus reveals an anthocyanin biosynthetic regulatory module,RHA2b–MYB30,that controls the function of the MBW complex via *** repression of MYB75 by MYB30 is released by MYB75-induced RHA2b expression,thus ensuring the self-activation of MYB75 when anthocy-anin synthesis is needed.

关键词： anthocyanin biosynthesis high sucrose MBW complex MYB30 MYB75 RHA2b

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Structural insight into the dual-antagonistic mechanism of AB928 on adenosine A_(2)receptors

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 986-995页

作者： Yuan Weng Xinyu Yang Qiansen Zhang Ying Chen Yueming Xu Chenyu Zhu Qiong Xie Yonghui Wang Huaiyu Yang Mingyao Liu Weiqiang Lu Gaojie Song Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China department of Medicinal Chemistry School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China

The adenosine subfamily G protein-coupled receptors A_(2A)R and A_(2B)R have been identified as promising cancer immunotherapy *** of the A_(2A)R/A_(2B)R dual antagonists,AB928,has progressed to a phaseⅡclinical trial to treat rectal ***,the precise mechanism underlying its dual-antagonistic properties remains ***,we report crystal structures of the A_(2A)R complexed with AB928 and a selective A_(2A)R antagonist *** structures revealed a common binding mode on A_(2A)R,wherein the ligands established extensive interactions with residues from the orthosteric and secondary *** contrast,the cAMP assay and A_(2A)R and A_(2B)R molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the ligands adopted distinct binding modes on A_(2B)*** analysis of their chemical structures suggested that AB928 readily adapted to the A_(2B)R pocket,while 2-118 did not due to intrinsic *** disparity potentially accounted for the difference in inhibitory efficacy between A_(2B)R and A_(2A)*** study serves as a valuable structural template for the future development of selective or dual inhibitors targeting A_(2A)R/A_(2B)R for cancer therapy.

关键词： adenosine receptor A2AR A2BR inhibitor dual-antagonism drug discovery

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Regulation of gene-edited plants in Europe:from the valley of tears into the shining sun?

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 231-238页

作者： Holger Puchta department of Molecular biology Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter Institute for Plant SciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 476131 KarlsruheGermany

Some 20 years ago,the EU introduced complex regulatory rules for the growth of transgenic crops,which resulted in a de facto ban to grow these plants in fields within most European *** the rise of novel genome editing technologies,it has become possible to improve crops genetically in a directed way without the need for incorporation of foreign ***,in 2018,the European Court of Justice ruled that such gene-edited plants are to be regulated like transgenic *** then,European scientists and breeders have challenged this decision and requested a revision of this outdated ***,after 5 years,the European Commission has now published a proposal on how,in the future,to regulate crops produced by new breeding *** proposal tries to find a balance between the different interest groups in *** one side,genetically modified plants,which cannot be discerned from their natural counterparts,will exclusively be used for food and feed and are-besides a registration step-not to be regulated at *** the other side,plants expressing herbicide resistance are to be excluded from this regulation,a concession to the strong environmental associations and NGOs in ***,edited crops are to be excluded from organic farming to protect the business interests of the strong organic sector in ***,if this law passes European parliament and council,unchanged,it will present a big step forward toward establishing a more sustainable European agricultural ***,it might soon be possible to develop and grow crops that are more adapted to global warming and whose cultivation will require lower amounts of ***,there is still a long way to go until the law is *** often,the storm of arguments raised by the opponents,based on irrational fears of mutations and a naive understanding of nature,has fallen on fruitful ground in Europe.

关键词： Genetically modified organism Cisgenesis Gene editing CRISPR/Cas Regulation

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Bringing CAM photosynthesis to the table:Paving the way for resilient and productive agricultural systems in a changing climate

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 17-30页

作者： Noe´Perron Matias Kirst Sixue Chen Plant Molecular and Cellular biology Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608USA School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32603USA department of biology University of MississippiOxfordMS 38677-1848USA

Modern agricultural systems are directly threatened by global climate change and the resulting freshwater crisis.A considerable challenge in the coming years will be to develop crops that can cope with the conse-quences of declining freshwater resources and changing *** approach to meeting this chal-lenge may lie in our understanding of plant photosynthetic adaptations and water use *** from various taxa have evolved crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM),a water-conserving adaptation of photosynthetic carbon dioxidexation that enables plants to thrive under semi-arid or seasonally drought-prone *** past research on CAM has led to a better understanding of the inner workings of plant resilience and adaptation to stress,successful introduction of this pathway into C3 or C4 plants has not been *** recent revolution in molecular,systems,and synthetic biology,as well as innovations in high-throughput data generation and mining,creates new opportunities to uncover the minimum genetic tool kit required to introduce CAM traits into drought-sensitive ***,we pro-pose four complementary research avenues to uncover this tool ***,genomes and computational methods should be used to improve understanding of the nature of variations that drive CAM ***,single-cell’omics technologies offer the possibility for in-depth characterization of the mecha-nisms that trigger environmentally controlled CAM ***,the rapid increase in new’omics data enables a comprehensive,multimodal exploration of ***,the expansion of functional geno-mics methods is paving the way for integration of CAM into farming systems.

关键词： CAM photosynthesis single-cell genomics phylogenetics crop engineering synthetic biology stress resilience

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MAVEN observation of magnetosonic waves in the Martian magnetotail region

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 317-325页

作者： ShangChun Teng JiCheng Sun JiaWei Gao Y.Harada Markus Fraenz DeSheng Han State Key Laboratory of Marine geology School of Ocean and Earth ScienceTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China department of Geophysics Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research GoettingenGermany

Magnetosonic waves are an important medium for energy transfer in collisionless space *** waves have been widely investigated in the upstream of the bow shock at *** waves are believed to originate from pickup ions or reflected *** utilizing MAVEN spacecraft data,we have observed the occurrence of quasi-perpendicularly propagating magnetosonic emissions near the proton gyrofrequency in the Martian magnetotail *** plasma waves are associated with a significant enhancement of proton and oxygen *** excited magnetosonic waves could possibly heat the protons through resonance and facilitate the ionospheric plasma *** results could be helpful to better understand the Mars’magnetospheric dynamics and offer insights into possible energy redistribution between waves and plasma in the Martian nightside magnetosphere.

关键词： Martian magnetotail region magnetosonic waves proton escape

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Sulfation of chondroitin and bile acids converges to antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibit APC deficiency-induced gut tumorigenesis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1241-1256页

作者： Pengfei Xu Yue Xi Jong-Won Kim Junjie Zhu Min Zhang Meishu Xu Songrong Ren Da Yang Xiaochao Ma Wen Xie Center for Pharmacogenetics and department of Pharmaceutical sciences University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China department of Pharmacology&Chemical biology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Sulfation is a crucial and prevalent conjugation reaction involved in cellular processes and mammalian physiology.3’-Phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate(PAPS)synthase 2(PAPSS2)is the primary enzyme to generate the universal sulfonate donor *** involvement of PAPSS2-mediated sulfation in adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutation-promoted colonic carcinogenesis has not been ***,we showed that the expression of PAPSS2 was decreased in human colon tumors along with cancer stages,and the lower expression of PAPSS2 was correlated with poor prognosis in advanced colon *** epithelial-specific heterozygous Apc deficient and Papss2-knockout(Apc^(Δgut-Het)Papss2^(Δgut))mice were created,and the phenotypes were compared to the spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis of Apc^(Δgut-Het)***^(Δgut-Het)Papss2^(Δgutmice) were more sensitive to gut tumorigenesis,which was mechanistically accounted for by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway due to the suppression of chondroitin sulfation and inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-transducin-like enhancer of split 3(TLE3)gene regulatory *** sulfate supplementation in Apc^(Δgut-Het)Papss2^(Δgutmice) alleviated intestinal *** summary,we have uncovered the protective role of PAPSS2-mediated chondroitin sulfation and bile acids-FXR-TLE3 activation in the prevention of gut carcinogenesis via the antagonization of Wnt/β-catenin *** sulfate may be explored as a therapeutic agent for Papss2 deficiency-associated colonic carcinogenesis.

关键词： Colon cancer APC Wnt/b-catenin PAPSS2 Chondroitin sulfate Sulfation Bile acids FXR

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Mineral Chemistry,Trace Elements,Isotopic Analysis and Zircon U-Pb Dating in the Hesar Pluton,Northern UDMA,Iran:Implications for Pre-Collisional Magma Mixing

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 657-678页

作者： Kazem KAZEMI Soroush MODABBERI Parisa GHARIBNEJAD XIAO Yilin Fatemeh SARJOUGHIAN Ali KANANIAN School of geology College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran Research Centre for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China department of Geochemistry and Environmental sciences School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of Earth and sciences Faculty of SciencesUniversity of KurdistanSanandajIran department of Science Education Farhangian UniversityTehranIran

The Hesar pluton in the northern Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc hosts numerous mafic-microgranular enclaves(MMEs).Whole rock geochemistry,mineral chemistry,zircon U-Pb and Sr-Nd isotopes were *** is suggested that the rocks are metaluminous(A/CNK=1.32-1.45),subduction-related I-type calc-alkaline gabbro to diorite with similar mineral assemblages and geochemical *** host rocks yielded an U-Pb crystallization age of 37.3±0.4 Ma for *** have relatively low SiO_(2) contents(52.9-56.6 wt%)and high Mg^(#)(49.8-58.7),probably reflecting a mantle-derived ***-and mantle-normalized trace element patterns are characterized by LREE and LILE enrichment,HREE and HFSE depletion with slight negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.86-1.03).The host rocks yield(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i) ratios of 0.70492-0.70510,positive ε_(Nd)(t)values of+1.55-+2.06 and T_(DM2)of 707-736 Ma,which is consistent with the associated mafic microgranular enclaves((^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)=0.705014,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.75,T_(DM2)=729 Ma).All data suggest magma-mixing for enclave and host rock formation,showing a complete equilibration between mixed-mafic and felsic magmas,followed by rapid *** T_(DM1)(Nd)and T_(DM2)(Nd)model ages and U-Pb dating indicate that the host pluton was produced by partial melting of the lower continental crust and subsequent mixing with injected lithospheric mantlederived magmas in a pre-collisional setting of Arabian-Eurasian *** composition indicates a crystallization temperature of~1000℃ and a depth of~9 km.

关键词： enclave magma mixing zircon U-Pb dating Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc

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Lysophosphatidylcholine binds α-synuclein and prevents its pathological aggregation

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 119-128页

作者： Chunyu Zhao Jia Tu Chuchu Wang Wenbin Liu Jinge Gu Yandong Yin Shengnan Zhang Dan Li Jiajie Diao Zheng-Jiang Zhu Cong Liu Interdisciplinary Research Center on biology and Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Bio-X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study Shanghai Jiao Tong University department of Cancer biology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein(α-syn) in Lewy bodies is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease(PD). Genetic mutations in lipid metabolism are causative for a subset of patients with Parkinsonism. The role of α-syn's lipid interactions in its function and aggregation is recognized, yet the specific lipids involved and how lipid metabolism issues trigger α-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration remain unclear. Here, we found that α-syn shows a preference for binding to lysophospholipids(LPLs),particularly targeting lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) without relying on electrostatic interactions. LPC is capable of maintaining α-syn in a compact conformation, significantly reducing its propensity to aggregate both in vitro and within cellular environments. Conversely, a reduction in the production of cellular LPLs is associated with an increase in α-syn accumulation. Our work underscores the critical role of LPLs in preserving the natural conformation of α-syn to inhibit improper aggregation, and establishes a potential connection between lipid metabolic dysfunction and α-syn aggregation in PD.

关键词： α-synuclein Parkinson's disease lysophosphatidylcholine, aggregation

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Rheology of continental lithosphere and seismic anisotropy

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第1期67卷 31-60页

作者： Shengsi SUN Yunpeng DONG Yixi LI Yihai YANG Chao CHENG Bo HUI Bin ZHANG Rutao ZANG State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Shaanxi Earthquake Agency Xi’an 710068China

Rheology of rocks controls the deformation of the Earth at various space-time scales,which is crucial to understand the tectonic evolution of continental *** of rock rheology are mainly conducted via high-pressure and hightemperature rheological experiments and multi-scale observations and measurements of naturally deformed *** present,a large amount of data from such kinds of studies have been *** paper first provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the rheological mechanisms,fabric types and seismic properties of the main rock-forming minerals at different depths of continental lithosphere,including olivine,orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene,amphibole,plagioclase,quartz and ***,progress in high-pressure and high-temperature experiments and natural deformation observations is introduced,mainly regarding the rheological strength and behavior,seismic velocity and anisotropy of lithospheric mantle peridotite,eclogite,mafic granulite,amphibolite and felsic ***,by taking the Tibetan Plateau as an example,the application of rock rheology for quantitative interpretation of seismic anisotropy data is *** combination of mineral deformation fabrics and seismic anisotropy is expected to make an important breakthrough in understanding the rheological properties and structure of continental lithosphere.

关键词： Lithosphere Mineral fabric Rheology Seismic velocity Anisotropy

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