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Electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn E.Holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessica A.Smith Florin Musat Derek R.Lovley department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA department of Physical and Biological Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA department of biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark department of Molecular biology and Biotechnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic *** microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer(electrobiocorrosion),but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic *** studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion,because,unlike pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H_(2) as an intermediary electron ***,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the electron donor,but only ***,***,and *** were capable of stainless steel *** electrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless *** of *** and *** demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during *** only was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion,but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metal-lireducens,an effective electron-donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe^(0).The finding that ***,***,and *** are capable of electrobiocorrosion,despite a lack of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel

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An ultrathin and crack-free metal-organic framework film for effective polysulfide inhibition in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Interdisciplinary Materials 2024年第2期3卷 306-315页

作者： Cheng Zhou Chenxu Dong Weixiao Wang Yu Tian Chunli Shen Kaijian Yan Liqiang Mai Xu Xu International School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhanHubeiPeople's Republic of China department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA

Due to their extensive microporous structure,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)find widespread application in constructing modification layers,functioning as ion ***,the modification layers prepared by existing methods feature gaps between MOFs that are noticeably larger than the inherent MOF pore *** and lithium ions unavoidably permeate through these gaps,hindering the full exploitation of the structural ***,an ultrathin(20 nm)and crack-free MOF film is formed on the separator by atomic layer deposition for the first *** on the separator,the mechanism of different MOF layers has been verified by phase field simulation and in situ Raman *** results accurately prove that the MOF particle layer can relieve the shuttle of polysulfides,but it does not have the effect of homogenizing lithium *** the ultrathin and crack-free MOF film with proper pore size can act as the ion sieve for both polysulfides and lithium *** a result,under the test condition of 2mA cm^(-2)-2 mAh cm^(-2),the overpotential of the Li/Li symmetric battery is only 18 mV after 2500 *** capacity retention rate of the lithium-sulfur battery is 95.6% after 500 cycles and 80% after 1000 cycles at 2 C.

关键词： crack-free film ion sieve lithium-sulfur battery metal-organic framework separator

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Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans:an overview of recent findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1908-1918页

作者： Marcello Serra Nicola Simola Alexia E.Pollack Giulia Costa department of Biomedical Sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly department of biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic *** toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and *** present review provides an overview of recent research,conducted between 2018 and 2023,focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine,cocaine,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,methylphenidate,caffeine,and *** elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.

关键词： 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine amphetamine caffeine cell cultures cocaine methamphetamine methylphenidate neurotoxicity nicotine

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Ironing out biofortification in maize: NAC78 regulates iron concentrations in kernels

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 223-223页

作者： M.Arif Ashraf Ahmet Bakirbas department of biology Howard UniversityWashingtonDC 20059USA department of biology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Biofortification of staple crops through genetic modification is a sustainable way to overcome nutrient deficiencies worldwide,especially in low-income developing *** is one of the most important minerals required for the human body and participates in crucial physiological processes including oxygen transport,electron transport for energy production,and so *** there are some reports of genetically engineered crops with increased iron content,such as rice,wheat,and cassava,iron biofortification of maize has been challenging due to the trade-off between kernel iron concentration and maize yield(Long et al.,2004).In a recent article published in Science,researchers used molecular-marker-assisted selection to eliminate this trade-off and developed maize varieties with increased iron concentration in kernels without compromising yield(Yan et al.,2023).

关键词： crops kernels maize

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Reconstruction using artificial intelligence,a promising way to explore the cosmic web

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 179-179页

作者： Houjun Mo department of Astronomy University of MassachusettsAmherst MA 01003USA

One of the most important goals in modern cosmology is to understand the large-scale mass distribution of the universe(the cosmic web),and how galaxies form and evolve in the ecosystem of the cosmic *** this is done by large redshift surveys of galaxies,which can be used to trace the large-scale structure and to sample the properties of galaxies.

关键词： galaxies cosmic universe

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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston Wilson John F.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell department of biology University of Nebraska Omaha department of biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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Utilization of pH-driven methods to fortify nanoemulsions with multiple polyphenols

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1943-1950页

作者： Hualu Zhou Bingjing Zheng David Julian McClements department of Food Science and Technology College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaGriffinGA 30223USA Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory Department of Food ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA department of Food Science&Bioengineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Simple but effective methods are required to incorporate multiple bioactive polyphenols into delivery systems to increase their dispersibility,stability and *** developed and tested three p Hdriven protocols for creating nanoemulsions loaded with multiple lipophilic *** protocols differed in how the different polyphenols were incorporated into the *** impact of these three methods on the formation,properties,and gastrointestinal fate of nanoemulsions loaded with curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin was *** three methods produced nanoemulsions with similar initial particle properties:droplet diameters(0.15,0.16,and 0.15μm)and zeta-potentials(–59,–58,and–58 m V),***,the average encapsulation efficiencies(82%,88%,and 61%),gastrointestinal stabilities(83%,97%,and 29%)and bioaccessibilities(77%,90%,and 73%)for curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin were somewhat *** particular,more quercetin degradation occurred using the approach that held it under alkaline conditions for extended *** general,the p H-driven method provides researchers with a versatile approach of incorporating multiple polyphenols with different characteristics into functional food and beverages using a simple and inexpensive method.

关键词： Polyphenols pH-Driven encapsulation Nanoemulsions Gastrointestinal fate Functional foods

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Expression and Characterization of a Novelλ-Carrageenase Cgl150A_Wa from Wenyingzhuangia aestuarii

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Journal of Ocean university of China 2024年第1期23卷 209-215页

作者： SUN Yuhao CAO Siqi ZHANG Yuying XUE Changhu XIAO Hang CHANG Yaoguang College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Marine Life Research Center Laoshan National LaboratoryQingdao 266237China department of Food Science University of Massachusetts AmherstMA 01003United States

λ-Carrageenan is a highly sulfated polysaccharide alternating of 1,4-O-α-D-galactopyranose-2,6-sulfate(D2S,6S)and 1,3-O-β-D-galactopyranose-2-sulfate(G2S).λ-Carrageenases are desirable tools forλ-carrageenan *** on the genome mining,a novelλ-carrageenase Cgl150A_Wa was cloned from the bacterium Wenyingzhuangia aestuarii and expressed in Escherichia ***150A_Wa was an endo-acting enzyme and exhibited its maximum activity at 30℃and pH *** employing a glycomics strategy that combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and glycoinformatics,Cgl150A_Wa was proven to degradeλ-carrageenan octaose and hexaose,and the major hydrolysis product of Cgl150A_Wa wasλ-carrageenan *** addition to the typicalλ-carrageenan motifs,the active center of Cgl150A_Wa might tolerate desulfatedλ-carrageenan ***150A_Wa is a potential biotechnological tool for preparingλ-carrageenan oligosaccharides and structural investigation.

关键词： carrageenan λ-carrageenase LC-MS oligosaccharide GH150

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3D electromagnetic modelling for high-temperature superconducting dynamo flux pumps using T-A formulation

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 367-379页

作者： Luning Hao Fangliang Dong Jintao Hu Qi Wang Haigening Wei Ismail Patel Adil Shah Yuyang Wu Tim Coombs department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

A high-temperature superconducting(HTS)dynamo flux pump can inject DC currents into closed-loop HTS magnets without *** enables the realisation of current-lead-free or even through-wall charging systems for high-field applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)magnets,fusion reactors and *** have proposed many simulation models to understand the working principle of HTS dynamos,few of which are in 3D because of converging ***,the influences of many key 3D parameters in the HTS dynamo are scarcely *** authors propose an efficient 3D modelling method of the HTS dynamo based on the T-A *** rotating magnets are modelled by a ring-shaped permanent magnet with space-time-variant remanent flux density to avoid moving ***,together with the T-A formulation,makes the 3D model efficient and *** accuracy of the model is verified by the experimental instantaneous and time-integrated dynamic *** this model,the authors present systematic case studies to thoroughly explore the influences of the key parameters of a dynamo flux pump on the dynamic voltage and *** proposed modelling method and results could significantly benefit the design and optimisation of HTS dynamos for high-field magnets.

关键词： formulation magnets pump

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison M.VEACH department of Integrative biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure

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