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Two paths, one goal: mechanism of calcium homeostasis to balance plant growth and immunity

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 306-308页

作者： Aziz Ul Ikram Yanping Jing Huan Chen Jian Chen International Genome center Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Joint center for Single Cell biology School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Calcium(Ca^(2+))is an essential nutrient and a cellular signal in *** level of free Ca^(2+)in the apoplast is~10,000-fold higher than that in the cytoplasm at the resting *** large Ca^(2+)level gradient across the membrane between the interior and exterior can cause Ca^(2+)overload and *** have evolved mechanisms to export Ca^(2+)out of the cytoplasm or store it in intracellular organelles,such as endoplasmic reticulum(ER),mitochondria,and ***,Ca^(2+)-binding proteins,including those containing the most common Ca^(2+)-binding EF-hand domains,maintain the cytosolic Ca^(2+)level by directly binding them,thus participating in Ca^(2+)***^(2+)/H+exchangers(CAXs,antiporter)and Ca^(2+)-ATPases(ACAs)are responsible for transferring Ca^(2+)from the cytosol to either the external space or intracellular stores(Bose et al.,2011).However,it is still unknown how these Ca^(2+)-scavenging transporters are activated when the cytosolic Ca^(2+)level is elevated to threshold ***“auto-regulatory”mechanism to scavenge excess cytosolic Ca^(2+),providing a guarding system to maintain cytosolic Ca^(2+)homeostasis in plants.

关键词： maintain mechanism immunity

Response surface optimization of preparation parameters and evaluation of the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of Spirulina protein hydrolysates

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 196-209页

作者： Qishan SUO Zhenzhen DENG Yang YUE Jing WANG Ning WU Lihua GENG Quanbin ZHANG CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine biology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China

Safety,high protein content,and the numerous health benefits make Spirulina an outstanding source of bioactive *** from Spirulina,which exhibit antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antihypertensive effects,may assist in the management of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Here,we present the optimization of enzyme-digested hydrolysates derived from Spirulina *** using response surface methodology(RSM).We also evaluated the biological activity of Spirulina protein hydrolysates(SPHs)in contributing to the amelioration of hypertension and associated cardiovascular *** findings suggest that Spirulina protein extracts contain a complex proteinaceous composition with phycocyanin being the dominant protein,as evidenced by both SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS *** protease,protease K,andα-chymotrypsin exhibited a substantial hydrolytic effect on Spirulina protein,taking into account their degree of hydrolysis(DH),peptide yield,and molecular weight ***-factor experiments identified pH,temperature,and enzyme/substrate ratio as the key factors influencing ***,optimal hydrolysis conditions for the proteases were determined via RSM,leading to a considerable enhancement of the actual *** showed that SPHs have strong antioxidant activity against various free radicals,with a higher ability to scavenge hydroxyl ***,SPHs inhibited macrophage nitric oxide secretion and significantly inhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme in vitro at 400μg/*** is worth noting that SPHs prepared with protease K exhibited a potent anti-hypertensive effect in *** findings indicate the potential usefulness of including dietary SPHs in preventing hypertension and associated *** research could be valuable in guiding the development of health-promoting foods within the Spirulina industry.

关键词： antioxidant activity antihypertensive effect angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition response surface methodology Spirulina

Three-dimensional models:from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 1-13页

作者： SAYUMI TAHARA SYDNEY RENTSCH FERNANDA COSTAS CASAL DE FARIA PATRICIA SARCHET ROMA KARNA FEDERICA CALORE RAPHAEL E.POLLOCK Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Cancer biology and Genetics The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other *** to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma *** cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under *** vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell ***,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)***,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between *** the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy *** this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell *** then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO ***,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.

关键词： Cell culture Liposarcoma Patient-Derived Organoid(PDO) Spheroid Three-dimensional(3D)cell culture

Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Martin-Paul Agbaga Mohiuddin Ahmad Department of Cell biology and Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

The Citron homology domain of MAP4Ks improves outcomes of traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3233-3244页

作者： Xiaoling Zhong Wenjiao Tai Meng-Lu Liu Shuaipeng Ma Tianjin Shen Yuhua Zou Chun-Li Zhang Department of Molecular biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Hamon center for Regenerative Science and Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Peter O’Donnell Jr.Brain Institute University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases(MAP4Ks)signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in axonal regrowth and neuronal degeneration following *** targeting this pathway is beneficial to brain injury remains *** this study,we showed that adeno-associated virus-delivery of the Citron homology domain of MAP4Ks effectively reduces traumatic brain injury-induced reactive gliosis,tauopathy,lesion size,and behavioral *** inhibition of MAP4Ks replicated the ameliorative effects observed with expression of the Citron homology ***,the Citron homology domain acted as a dominant-negative mutant,impeding MAP4K-mediated phosphorylation of the dishevelled proteins and thereby controlling the Wnt/β-catenin *** findings implicate a therapeutic potential of targeting MAP4Ks to alleviate the detrimental effects of traumatic brain injury.

关键词： adeno-associated virus Citron homology Citron homology domain gene therapy mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases traumatic brain injury

Artificial intelligence advances drug delivery system and its clinical transition

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 305-308页

作者： Hui Wang Xiao-Yan You Guo-Ping Zhao Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic BiologyTianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Tianjin 300308China Henan Engineering Research center of Food Microbiology College of Food and BioengineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic biology Tianjin 300308China CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Since November 2022,ChatGPT,an artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot,has rapidly captured global attention for its detailed responses and articulated answers across a broad spectrum of knowledge domains[1],[2].All industries will reorient around it,prompting a reevaluation of how this technology could further promote scientifical research and its clinical applications.

关键词： system transition spectrum

Computational protein design and structure prediction——the 2024 Nobel prize in chemistry

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第3期 812-814页

作者： Peilong Lu Lei Liu School of Life Sciences and Research center for Industries of the Future Westlake University Tsinghua-Peking Joint center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University

The 2024 Nobel prize in chemistry recognizes groundbreaking advancements in protein science,highlighting the power of artificial intelligence(AI) to decipher and design the molecular machinery of *** of the prize was awarded to David Baker for the computational design of proteins;the other to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their AI-driven predictions of protein structures.

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Remaking a connection:molecular players involved in post-injury synapse formation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1719-1720页

作者： Diogo Tomé Ramiro D.Almeida iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal CNC-center for Neuroscience and Cell biology University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma depends not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate *** several studies have successfully promoted long-distance axonal regeneration in distinct CNS injury models,none of them have resulted in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after ***,we discuss how our understanding of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured nervous system may contribute to the design of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNS disorders.

关键词： viable injury instru

Convergent and conserved roads lead to Rome: now archaea fill the gap of transcription termination

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Ning Song Meng Li Archaeal biology center Synthetic Biology Research Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University

Transcription termination is a crucial step in gene expression and is pivotal for the accurate completion of mRNA *** bacteria and eukaryotes employ distinct regulatory mechanisms for this process, intriguing parallels exist. In bacteria, transcription termination occurs via two primary mechanisms:the intrinsic (Rho-independent) and the Rho-dependent pathways. The intrinsic pathway hinges on the formation of a hairpin loop by specific RNA sequences and the following poly(U) sequence, which prompts the release of the nascent RNA and the detachment of RNA polymerase(RNAP) from DNA (You et al., 2023).

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