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Effects of a regenerating matrix on the survival of birds in tropical forest fragments

Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 16-24页

作者： Jared D.Wolfe Philip C.Stouffer Richard O.Bierregaard Jr David A.Luther Thomas E.Lovejoy College of forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA biological dynamics of forest fragments project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoiaManaus 69011Brazil College of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Biology Department George Mason University4400 University Drive MS3EFairfaxVA 22030USA

Background: Vast areas of lowland neotropical forest have regenerated after initially being cleared for agricultural purposes. The ecological value of regenerating second growth to forest-dwelling birds may largely depend on the age of the forest, associated vegetative structure, and when it is capable of sustaining avian demographics similar to those found in pristine ***: To determine the influence of second growth age on bird demography, we estimated the annual survival of six central Amazonian bird species residing in pristine forest, a single 100 and a single 10 ha forest fragment, taking into consideration age of the surrounding matrix(i.e. regenerating forest adjacent to each fragment) as an explanatory ***: Study species exhibited three responses: arboreal, flocking and ant-following insectivores(Willisornis poecilinotus, Thamnomanes ardesiacus and Pithys albifrons) showed declines in survival associated with fragmentation followed by an increase in survival after 5 years of matrix regeneration. Conversely, Percnostola rufifrons, a gap-specialist, showed elevated survival in response to fragmentation followed by a decline after 5 years of regeneration. Lastly, facultative flocking and frugivore species(Glyphorynchus spirurus and Dixiphia pipra, respectively) showed no response to adjacent clearing and subsequent ***: Our results in association with previous studies confirm that the value of regenerating forest surrounding habitat patches is dependent on two factors: ecological guild of the species in question and second growth age. Given the rapid increase in survival following succession, we suggest that the ecological value of young tropical forest should not be based solely on a contemporary snapshot, but rather, on the future value of mature second growth as well.

关键词： Amazon fragmentation Brazil Matrix Second growth Survival Tropical bird

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Assessing the effect of invasive organisms on forests under information uncertainty: The case of pine wood nematode in continental Europe

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 685-696页

作者： Nick Schafstall Laura Dobor Marco Baldo Andrew MLiebhold Werner Rammer Juha Honkaniemi Tomás Hlásny Faculty of forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic US forest Service Northern forest Research Station MorgantownUSA Ecosystem dynamics and forest Management Group Technical University of MunichGermany Natural Resources Institute Finland HelsinkiFinland

forests worldwide are experiencing increasingly intense biotic disturbances;however,assessing impacts of these disturbances is challenging due to the diverse range of organisms involved and the complex interactions among *** particularly applies to invasive species,which can greatly alter ecological processes in their invaded *** we focus on the pine wood nematode(PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus),an invasive pathogen that has caused extensive mortality of pines in East Asia and more recently has invaded southern *** is expected to expand its range into continental Europe with heavy impacts *** the unknown dynamics of PWN in continental Europe,we reviewed laboratory and field experiments conducted in Asia and southern Europe to parameterize the main components of PWN biology and host-pathogen interactions in the Biotic Disturbance Engine(BITE),a model designed to implement a variety of forest biotic agents,from fungi to large *** simulate dynamically changing host availability and conditions,BITE was coupled with the forest landscape model *** potential impacts of introducing PWN were assessed in a Central European forest landscape(40,928ha),likely within PWN’s reach in future decades.A parameter sensitivity analysis indicated a substantial influence of factors related to dispersal,colonization,and vegetation impact,whereas parameters related to population growth manifested a minor *** of different assumptions about biological processes resulted in differential timing and size of the main mortality wave,eliminating 40%–95%of pine trees within 100 years post-introduction,with a maximum annual carbon loss between 1.3%and 4.2%.PWN-induced tree mortality reduced the Gross Primary Productivity,increased heterotrophic respiration,and generated a distinct legacy sink effect in the recovery *** assessment has corroborated the ecological plausibility of the simulated dynamics and highlighted the need for

关键词： biological invasions Process-based modelling forest ecosystems Model parameters

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Specific detection of the floodwater mosquitoes Aedes sticticus and Aedes vexans DNA in predatory diving beetles

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 549-559页

作者： Thomas Z. Persson Vinnersten Peter Halvarsson Jan O. Lundstrom Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University SE-75236 Uppsala Swedish biological Mosquito Control project Nedre Dalalvens Utvecklings AB Gysinge Sweden

Floodwater mosquitoes （Diptera： Culicidae） are associated with periodically flooded wet meadows, marshes, and swamps in floodplains of major rivers worldwide, and their larvae are abundant in the shallow parts of flooded areas. The nuisance caused by the blood-seeking adult female mosquitoes motivates mosquito control. Larviciding with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is considered the most environmentally safe method. However, some concern has been raised whether aquatic predatory insects could be indi- rectly affected by this reduction in a potential vital prey. Top predators in the temporary wetlands in the River Dal/ilven floodplains are diving beetles （Coleoptera： Dytiscidae）, and Aedes sticticus andAe, vexans are the target species for mosquito control. For detailed stud- ies on this aquatic predator-prey system, we developed a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assay for detection of mosquito DNA in the guts of medinm-sized diving beetles. Primers were designed for amplifying short mitochondrial DNA fragments of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I （COI） gene in Ae. sticticus and Ae. vexans, respectively. Primer speci- ficity was confirmed and half-life detectability ofAe. sticticus DNA in diving beetle guts was derived from a feeding and digestion experiment. The Ae. sticticus DNA within diving beetle guts was detected up to 12 h postfeeding, and half-life detectability was estimated to 5.6 h. In addition, field caught diving beetles were screened for Ae. sticticus and Ae. vexans DNA and in 14% of the diving beetles one or both mosquito species were detected, showing that these mosquito species are utilized as food by the diving beetles.

关键词： Aedes sticticus Dytiscidae floodwater mosquitoes gut content analysis half-life detectability PCR

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Techno-economic evaluation of a biogas-based oxidative coupling of methane process for ethylene production

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 598-618页

作者： Alberto T.Penteado Mijin Kim Hamid R.Godini Erik Esche Jens-Uwe Repke Process dynamics and Operations Group Technische Universitat BerlinD-10623 BerlinGermany

This contribution is a preliminary techno-economic assessment of a biogas-based oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. Biogas is frequently utilized as a renewable energy source within small scale combined heat and power plants or as a natural gas substitute. The activation of methane also enables its utilization as a feedstock to produce chemicals. In this sense, the OCM process allows for the direct conversion of methane into ethylene, which is a major building block for the chemical and polymer industries. Biogas resulting from the anaerobic digestion of vinasse, a liquid effluent from bioethanol industry, is treated for contaminant removal and its methane content is converted into ethylene, which is then purified as the main product. The biogas cleaning process is assessed based on literature data, while an experimentally validated simulation model is used to assess the OCM process. A techno-economic evaluation is then performed through a Monte Carlo simulation, wherein uncertain parameters take random values between reasonable bounds. The net present value results positive in 74% of the cases, indicating that the project is profitable under a wide range of scenarios. Some performance improvement opportunities have been identified and highlighted to guide future studies in the topic.

关键词： biogas conversion ethylene production oxidative coupling of methane feasibility study

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Second-growth and small forest clearings have little effect on the temporal activity patterns of Amazonian phyllostomid bats

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 145-153页

作者： Ricardo ROCHA Adria Lopez-Baucells Fabio Z.Farneda Diogo F.Ferreira Ines SiLVA Marta AcAcio Jorge M.Palmeirim Christoph F.J.M eyer Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbon1749-016Portugal biological dynamics of forest fragments project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManaus69011-970Brazil Conservation Science Group University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EJUK Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences Granollers08402Spain Department of Ecology Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro21941-902Brazil CIBI0-lnBI0 Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesUniversity of PortoVairao4485-661Portugal Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and TechnologyKing Mongkufs University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10150Thailand School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUKand'Ecosystems Environment Research Centre(EERC) School of ScienceEngineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordM54WTUK

Secondary forests and human-made forest gaps are conspicuous features of tropical ***,behavioral responses to these aspects of anthropogenically modified forests remain poorly ***,we analyze the effects of small human-made clearings and secondary forests on tropical bats by examining the guild-and species-level activity patterns of phyllostomids sampled in the Central Amazon,***,we contrast the temporal activity patterns and degree of temporal overlap of 6 frugivorous and 4 gleaning animalivorous species in old-growth forest and second-growth forest and of 4 frugivores in old-growth forest and forest *** activity patterns of frugivores and gleaning animalivores did not change between old-growth forest and second-growth,nor did the activity patterns of frugivores between old-growth forest and ***,at the species level,we detected significant differences for Artibeus obscurus(old-growth forest ***-growth)and ***(old-growth forest ***).The degree of temporal overlap was greater than random in all sampled ***,for frugivorous species,the degree of temporal overlap was similar between old-growth forest and second-growth;whereas for gleaning animalivores,it was lower in second-growth than in old-growth *** the contrary,forest clearings were characterized by increased temporal overlap between *** in activity patterns and temporal overlap may result from differential foraging opportunities and dissimilar predation ***,our analyses suggest that activity patterns of bats in second-growth and small forest clearings,2 of the most prominent habitats in humanized tropical landscapes,varies little from the activity patterns in old-growth forest.

关键词： Amazon behavior forest gaps niche partitioning secondary forest temporal overlap

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Distinctive Scleritome with Marginal Tubercles of a New Palaeoscolecid Worm from the Shipai Fauna(Cambrian Epoch 2) at Three Gorges, South China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 807-817页

作者： YANG Yuning ZHANG Xingliang State Key Laboratory of Continental dynamics Early Life Institute and Department of GeologyNorthwest University

SEM analysis of trunk ornamentation on a compressed palaeoscolecid fossil from the Shipai fauna, Cambrian Series 2 and Stage 4 at Three Gorges, South China, allows a reassignment of the material to a new taxon, Sanxiascolex papillogyrus gen. et sp. nov. The preserved body is entirely annulated. Each annulus is ornamented by four rows of irregularly alternating plates and each plate bears numerous tubercles at the marginal region and a variable number （zero to six） of nodes at its central part. These features are unique among known palaeoscolecids. Comparative analyses with other compressed palaeoscolecid macrofossils and phosphatized material on the pattern of trunk ornamentation indicates that a detailed examination of the cuticle ornament weighs heavily in analyses of their taxonomic distinctions. A similar sclerite pattern to that of S. papillogyrus has been found in some phosphatized palaeoscolecid cuticle fragments as well as in isolated sclerites. The upper series of nodes and tubercles of these sclerites suggest an accretional mode of sclerite growth. The considerable variation in node number observed across the plates of S. papillogyrus demonstrates that phosphatic palaeoscolecid taxonomy based on relatively minor variations in the number of selerite nodes should perhaps be reconsidered. As the origins of the phosphatized specimens are quite diverse, a large variety of isolated sclerites from the Early Palaeozoic may not reflect actual biodiversity.

关键词： Palaeoscolecida Sanxiascolex papillogyrus Cambrian Shipai fauna Three Gorges area South China

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Advances and Overview of the Study on Paleo-earthquake Events: A Review of Seismites

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第5期89卷 1702-1706,I0009,I0010,1707-1746页

作者： HE Bizhu QIAO Xiufu State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and dynamics Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal ***, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically *** to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle ***, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary *** determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great *** multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research.

关键词： soft-sediment deformation structure formation mechanism seismites classification paleo-seismicity history and frontier

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Application of SWAT99.2 to sensitivity analysis of water balance components in unique plots in a hilly region

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 209-216页

作者： Jun-feng Dai Jia-zhou Chen Guo-an Lu Larry C. Brown Lei Gan Qin-xue Xu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Karst dynamics by MLR&Guangxi of PRC IRCK by UNESCOGuilin 541004China Department of Food Agricultural and Biological EngineeringOhio State UniversityColumbus 43210USA

Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a complex watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the application potential of the model in unique plots. In addition, sensitivity analysis of percolation and evapotranspiration with SWAT has seldom been undertaken. In this study, SWAT99.2 was calibrated to simulate water balance components for unique plots in Southern China from 2000 to 2001, which included surface runoff, percolation, and evapotranspiration. Twenty-one parameters classified into four categories, including meteorological conditions, topographical characteristics, soil properties, and vegetation attributes, were used for sensitivity analysis through one-at-a-time(OAT) sampling to identify the factor that contributed most to the variance in water balance components. The results were shown to be different for different plots, with parameter sensitivity indices and ranks varying for different water balance components. Water balance components in the broad-leaved forest and natural grass plots were most sensitive to meteorological conditions, less sensitive to vegetation attributes and soil properties, and least sensitive to topographical characteristics. Compared to those in the natural grass plot, water balance components in the broad-leaved forest plot demonstrated higher sensitivity to the maximum stomatal conductance(GSI) and maximum leaf area index(BLAI).

关键词： forest and grass plots Water balance Sensitivity analysis Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) One-at-a-time (OAT) method

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Complexes and complexities: INO80 takes center stage

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Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1776-1778页

作者： Sridevi Sureshkumar Sureshkumar Balasubramanian School of biological Sciences Monash UniversityVIC 3800Australia

Chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprogramming are key mechanisms through which plants respond to environmental *** dynamics associated with the pres-ence/absence(incorporation/eviction)of the histone variant H2A.Z is one of the key chromatin remodeling mechanisms associated with environmental response(Coleman-Derr and Zilberman,2012).Very recently,some excellent papers(Shang et al.,2021;Willige et al.,2021;Xue et al.,2021)have addressed the role of a less-explored component of this chromatin remodeling-the INO80 ***,we discuss novel insights revealed in these papers and their potential impacts.

关键词： complex. programming insight

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Carbon sequestration in a bamboo plantation:a case study in a Mediterranean area

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 231-238页

作者： Tommaso Chiti Emanuele Blasi Maria Vincenza Chiriaco Department for Innovation in biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems(DIBAF)University of TusciaVia San C.De Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(CMCC) Division on Climate Change Impacts on AgricultureForests and Ecosystem Services(IAFES)Via Garbini5101100 ViterboItaly

In the Mediterranean region,despite bamboo being an alien species that can seriously alter plant and ani-mal biocoenosis,the area occupied by bamboo plantations continues to increase,especially for the purpose to seques-ter carbon(C).However,the C dynamics in the soil-plant system when bamboo is grown outside its native area are poorly *** we investigated the C mitigation potential of the fast-growing Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)introduced in Italy for climate-change *** analyzed aboveground(AGB)and belowground(as root/shoot ratio)biomass,litter and soil organic C(SOC)at O-15-and 15-30-cm depths in a 4-year-old bamboo plantation in comparison with the former annual cropland on which the bamboo was *** have an idea of the maximum C stored at an ecosystem level,a natural forest adjacent the two sites was also *** the plantation,C accumulation as AGB was stimulated,with 14.8±3.1 Mg C ha^(-1) stored in 3 years;because thinning was done to remove culms from the first year,the mean sequestration rate was 4.9 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1).The sequestration rates were high but comparable to other fast-growing tree species in Italy(e.g.,Pinus nigra).SOC was significantly higher in the bamboo plantation than in the cropland only at the 0-15 cm depth,but SOC stock did not *** 4 years were not enough time for a clear increase in SOC,or the high nutrient uptake by bamboos might have depleted the soil nutrients,thus inhibiting the soil organic matter formation by *** comparison,the natural forest had significantly higher C levels in all the *** C dynamics at an ecosystem level,the bamboo plantation on the former annual cropland led to substantial C removal from the atmosphere(about 12 Mg C ha^(-1) a^(-1)).However,despite the promising C sequestration rates by bamboo,its introduction should be carefully considered due to potential ecological problems caused by this species in overexploited environments such as the Med

关键词： Carbon sequestration Climate change mitigation Mediterranean area Moso bamboo Soil organic carbon

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