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Modeling the Environmental and Seasonal Influence on Canopy Dynamic and Litterfall of Even-Aged Forest ecosystems by a Model Coupling Growth & Yield and Process-Based Approaches

Modeling the Environmental and Seasonal Influence on Canopy ...

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2012 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling,Simulation,Visualization and Applications(PMA 2012)

作者： Sainte-Marie J. Henrot A. Barrandon M. Nouvellon Y. Roupsard O. Laclau J.-P. Saint-Andr L. Institut Elie Cartan Universit de Lorraine Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France Eco & Sols CIRAD Montpellier France biogeochim ecosystem forestier inra champenoux France

ISBN: (纸本)9781467300681

The aim is to propose a dynamic model of forest growth and biomass suitable to varied ecosystems with different species,soil types,climate conditions and forest *** model is combining different approaches(growth & yield,process-based and biogeochemical cycles) to take into account carbon,water and nutrient cycles and to include several processes such as wood production,transpiration,litterfall,litter decomposition or losses of nutrients by *** a model is necessary to anticipate and adapt forest management under different environmental and management scenarii(global changes).Considering the whole forest ecosystem,the seasonality of canopy dynamics and litterfall production is involved in key processes:photosynthesis and carbon production,stand transpiration and water cycle,litter decomposition and nutrient cycling.A dynamical probabilistic model for leaves demography has been *** model is strongly constrained by environmental factors and is able to rank their *** adjustment can highlight relationships between different scales of processes involved,from cellular-scale to *** aim is to provide:i) a predicting model suitable to a large range of ecosystems,ii) hierarchical analyses of the environmental processes driving canopy dynamics.

关键词： Adaptation to Climate Change Crop Models Dynamic Model Forest Growth Models Forest Management Leaf Ecology Process-Based Model (PBM) Stochastic Model

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Estimating the carbon fluxes of forests with an individual-based forest model

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Forest ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 133-142页

作者： Edna Rodig Andreas Huth Friedrich Bohn Corinna Rebmann Matthias Cuntz UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstr.1504318 LeipzigGermany University of Osnabruck BarbarastraSe 1249076 OsnabruckGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)HaHe-Jena-leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany inra-Universite de Lorraine UMRU37 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Foresti^res54280 ChampenouxFrance

Background： Capturing the response of forest ecosystems to inter-annual climate variability is a great *** this study, we tested the capability of an individual-based forest gap model to display carbon fluxes at yearly and daily time *** forest model was applied to a spruce forest to simulate the gross primary production（GPP）, respiration and net ecosystem exchange（NEE）.We analyzed how the variability in climate affected simulated carbon fluxes at the scale of the forest ***： Six years were simulated at a daily time scale and compared to the observed eddy covariance（EC） *** general, the seasonal cycle of the individual carbon fluxes was correctly described by the forest ***, the estimated GPP differed from the observed data on the days of extreme climatic *** new parameterizations were developed： one resulting from a numerical calibration, and the other resulting from a filtering *** suggest new parameter values and even a new function for the temperature limitation of ***： The forest model reproduced the observed carbon fluxes of a forest ecosystem quite *** the three parameterizations, the calibrated model version performed ***, the filtering approach showed that calibrated parameter values do not necessarily correctly display the individual functional *** concept of simulating forest dynamics at the individual base is a valuable tool for simulating the NEE, GPP and respiration of forest ecosystems.

关键词： Forest model Temperate forest Carbon fluxes Eddy covariance FORMIND

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Impact of Fishing and Stocking Practices on Coregonid Diversity

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1045-1055页

作者： Orlane Anneville Emilien Lasne Jean Guillard Reiner Eckmann Jason D. Stockwell Christian Gillet Daniel L. Yule inra UMR CARRTEL Thonon-les-Bains France Limnological Institute University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany University of Vermont Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory Burlington USA Great Lakes Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Ashland USA

Fish species diversity can be lost through interacting stressors including habitat loss, stocking and overfishing. Although a multitude of stressors have played a role in the global decline of coregonid (Coregonus spp.) diversity, a number of contemporary studies have identified habitat loss stemming from eutrophication as the primary cause. Unfortunately, reconstructing the role of fishing and stocking practices can be difficult, because these records are incomplete or appear only in hard-to-access historic grey literature. Based on an illustrative set of historic and contemporary studies, we describe how fisheries management practices may have contributed to coregonid diversity loss in European and North American lakes. We provide case studies examining how fishing and stocking may reduce coregonid diversity through demographic decline and introgressive hybridization. In some lakes, fisheries management practices may have led to a loss of coregonid diversity well before issues with habitat degradation manifested. Our review suggests that fish conservation policies could beneficially consider the relative importance of all stressors, including management practices, as potential drivers of diversity loss.

关键词： Coregonus Extinction Lake Overfishing Species Loss

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Key drivers of ecosystem recovery after disturbance in a neotropical forest Long-term lessons from the Paracou experiment, French Guiana

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Forest ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 13-27页

作者： bruno hérault camille piponiot cirad umr ecofog (agro paristech cnrs inra université des antillesuniversité de la guyane) campus agronomique97310 kouroufrench inphb (institut national polytechnique félix houphouet boigny) yamoussoukroivorycoast université de la guyane umrecofog(agro paristech cirad cnrs inra université des antilles) campus agronomique97310 kouroufrench guianafrance

Background： Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global （i.e. land-use and climate） changes, tropical forests are currently facing deep and rapid modifications in disturbance regimes that may hamper their recovering capacity so that developing robust predictive model able to predict ecosystem resilience and recovery becomes of primary importance for decision-making：（i） Do regenerating forests recover faster than mature forests given the same level of disturbance？（ii） is the local topography an important predictor of the post-disturbance forest trajectories？（iii） Is the community functional composition, assessed with community weighted-mean functional traits, a good predictor of carbon stock recovery？（iv） How important is the climate stress （seasonal drought and/or soil water saturation） in shaping the recovery trajectory？ Methods： Paracou is a large scale forest disturbance experiment set up in 1984 with nine 6.25 ha plots spanning on a large disturbance gradient where 15 to 60% of the initial forest ecosystem biomass were removed. More than 70,000 trees belonging to ca. 700 tree species have then been censused every 2 years up today. Using this unique dataset, we aim at deciphering the endogenous （forest structure and composition） and exogenous （local environment and climate stress） drivers of ecosystem recovery in time. To do so, we disentangle carbon recovery into demographic processes （recruitment, growth, mortality fluxes） and cohorts （recruited trees, survivors）. Results： Variations in the pre-disturbance forest structure or in local environment do not shape significantly the ecosystem recovery rates. Variations in the pre-disturbance forest composition and in the post-disturbance climate significantly change the forest recovery trajectory. Pioneer-rich forests have slower recovery rates than assemblages of lat

关键词： ecosystem modeling Tropical forests Carbon fluxes Ecological resilience Climate change Amazonia

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Soil and vegetation water content identify the main terrestrial ecosystem changes

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 167-179页

作者： Diego Bueso Maria Piles Philippe Ciais Jean-Pierre Wigneron álvaro Moreno-Martínez Gustau Camps-Valls Image Processing Laboratory Universitat de València Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Université Paris Saclay inra Centre de Bordeaux Aquitaine Image Processing Laboratory Universitat deValència

Environmental change is a consequence of many interrelated *** vegetation responds to natural and human activity still needs to be well establishe d,quantified and *** cent satellite missions providing hydrologic and ecological indicators enable better monitoring of Earth system changes,yet there is no automatic way to address this issue directly from ***,we develop an observation-based methodology to capture evidence of changes in global terrestrial ecosystems and attribute these changes to natural or anthropogenic *** use the longest time record of global microwave L-band soil moisture and vegetation optical depth as satellite data and build spatially explicit maps of change in soil and vegetation water content and biomass reflecting large ecosystem changes during the last decade,*** of prominent trends(from-8% to 9% per year) are observed,especially in humid and semi-arid *** further combine such trends with land cover change maps,vegetation greenness and precipitation variability to assess their relationship with major documented ecosystem *** regions emerge from our *** cluster changes according to human activity drivers,including deforestation(Amazon,Central Africa) and wildfires(East Australia),artificial reforestation(South-East China),abandonment of farm fields(Central Russia) and climate shifts related to changes in precipitation variability(East Africa,North America and Central Argentina).Using the high sensitivity of soil and vegetation water content to ecosystem changes,microwave satellite observations enable us to quantify and attribute global vegetation responses to climate or anthropogenic activities as a direct measure of environmental changes and the mechanisms driving them.

关键词： soil moisture vegetation water content ecosystem trend remote sensing soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite

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Surface storm flow prediction on hillslopes based on topography and hydrologic connectivity

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 153-165页

作者： Dennis W.Hallema Roger Moussa Ge Sun Steven G.McNulty inra UMR LISAH Laboratoire d’etude des Interactions Sol-Agrosysteme-Hydrosysteme(INRAIRDMontpellier SupAgro)2 place Pierre Viala34060 Montpellier CEDEX 2France U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterSouthern Research StationRaleighNC 27606USA U.S.Department of Energy Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationOak RidgeTN 37830USA

Background:Hillslopes provide critical watershed ecosystem services such as soil erosion control and storm flow regulation through collecting,storing,and releasing rain *** intense rainstorms,rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity on the hillslope control Hortonian runoff while the topographic attributes of the hillslope(e.g.,slope,aspect,curvature)and the channel network define the structural hydraulic connectivity that determines how rapidly excess water is *** paper discusses literature on the link between topographic attributes and hydrologic connectivity and demonstrates how this link can be used to define a parsimonious model for predicting surface runoff during high intensity *** text:First,we provide a topographic characterization of the hillslope necessary to determine the structural hydrologic connectivity of surface flow based on existing ***,we demonstrate a hydrologic surface response model that routes the geomorphologic unit hydrograph(GIUH)through a spatial domain of representative elementary hillslopes reflecting the structural hydrologic *** attributes impact flow and travel time distributions by affecting gravitational acceleration of overland flow and channel,solar irradiance,flow deceleration by vegetation,and flow divergence/***:We show with an example where we apply the GIUH-based model to hypothetical hillslopes that the spatial organization of the channel network is critical in the flow and travel time distribution,and that topographic attributes are key in obtaining simple yet accurate representations of hydrologic *** GIUH models of surface runoff that use this hydrologic connectivity have the advantage of low data requirements,being scalable and applicable regardless of the spatial complexity of the hillslope,and have the potential to fundamentally improve flood forecasting tools used in the assessment of ecosystem servi

关键词： Hydrological processes Hydrologic connectivity Storm flow ecosystem services GIUH

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Genetic characterization of worldwide Prunus domestica(plum)germplasm using sequence-based genotyping

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1807-1819页

作者： Tetyana Zhebentyayeva Vijay Shankar Ralph Scorza Ann Callahan Michel Ravelonandro Sarah Castro Theodore DeJong Christopher A.Saski Chris Dardick The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics Department of Ecosystem Sciences and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory KearneysvilleWV 25430USA UMR BFP1332-inra-Bordeaux Bordeaux II University33882 Villenave d’OrnonFrance Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Prunus domestica commonly known as European plum is a hexaploid fruit tree species cultivated around the *** it is used for fresh consumption,in jams or jellies,and the production of spirits while commercially the fruit is primarily sold dried(prunes).Despite its agricultural importance and long history of cultivation,many questions remain about the origin of this species,the relationships among its many pomological types,and its underlying ***,we used a sequence-based genotyping approach to characterize worldwide plum germplasm including the potential progenitor Eurasian plum *** of 405 DNA samples established a set of four clades consistent with the pomological groups Greengages,Mirabelles,European plums,and d’Agen(French)prune plums.A number of cultivars from each clade were identified as likely clonal selections,particularly among the“French”type prune germplasm that is widely cultivated ***,there was relatively low genetic diversity across all cultivated plums suggesting they have been largely inbred and/or derived from a limited number of *** results agree with *** having originated as an interspecific hybrid of a diploid *** and a tetraploid *** that itself may have been an interspecific hybrid of *** and an unknown Eurasian plum *** low genetic diversity and lack of true wild-types coupled with the known cultivation history of Eurasian plums imply that *** may have been a product of inter-specific cross breeding and artificial selection by early agrarian Eurasian societies.

关键词： germplasm breeding cultivar

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Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 389-406页

作者： Jurate KUMPIENE Laura GIAGNONI Bernd MARSCHNER Sébastien DENYS Michel MENCH Kristin ADRIAENSEN Jaco VANGRONSVELD Markus PUSCHENREITER Giancarlo RENELLA Waste Science & Technology Lule University of Technology Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences University of Florence Ruhr-Universitt Bochum Joint Research Unit (UMR) Biodiversity Genes & Communities (BIOGECO) French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses) i-CLEANTECH Vlaanderen Hasselt University Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna

Trace element-contaminated soils(TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide. Excessive exposure to trace elements(TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia, and their interference with cell *** of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents. To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs, TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks. While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing, the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health. Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options. In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments, gaps in current knowledge, and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties, which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management.

关键词： bioaccessibility bioavailability biosensors chemical extractions contaminated soils 'metalloids metals

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Evaluating the Spatial Uncertainty of Future Land Abandonment in a Mountain Valley(Vicdessos, Pyrenees-France): Insights from Model Parameterization and Experiments

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1095-1112页

作者： Thomas Houet Laure Vacquié David Sheeren GEODE UMR 5602 CNRS –UT2J Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès Maison de la recherche 5 allées Antonio Machado31058 Toulouse Cedex Dynafor UMR 1201 inra/INPT-ENSAT Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse Avenue del’Agrobiopole B.P. 32607 - Auzeville-Tolosane 31326 - Castanet-Tolosan Cédex

European mountains are particularly sensitive to climatic disruptions and land use *** latter leads to high rates of natural reforestation over the last 50 years. Faced with the challenge of predicting possible impacts on ecosystem services,LUCC models offer new opportunities for land managers to adapt or mitigate their *** the spatial uncertainty of future LUCC is crucial for the definition of sustainable land use strategies. However, the sources of uncertainty may differ, including the input parameters, the model itself, and the wide range of possible futures. The aim of this paper is to propose a method to assess the probability of occurrence of future LUCC that combines the inherent uncertainty of model parameterization and the ensemble uncertainty of the future based scenarios. For this purpose, we used the Land Change Modeler tool to simulate future LUCC on a study site located in the Pyrenees Mountains(France) and two scenarios illustrating two land use strategies. The model was parameterized with the same driving factors used for its calibration. The definition of ‘static vs. dynamic' and ‘quantitative ***(discretized)' driving factors, and their combination resulted in four parameterizations. The combination of model outcomes produced maps of the spatial uncertainty of future LUCC. This work involves adapting the definition of spatial uncertainty in the literature to future-based LUCC studies. It goes beyond the uncertainty of simulation models by integrating the uncertainty of the future to provide maps to help decision makers and land managers.

关键词： Land use Land cover Scenario Model Mountainous reforestation Land abandonment Landmanagement

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Perceptions of the Role Played by Aquaculture and the Services It Provides for Territories: Complementarity of Survey Types

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第4期8卷 270-285页

作者： Syndhia Mathé Hélène Rey-Valette UMR Innovation TA C-85/15 73 rue Jean-Fran&#231 ois Breton 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 Montpellier France INNOVATION Univ Montpellier CIRAD INRA Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier France IITA Cameroun Yaoundé Cameroun Centre d’Economie de l’Environnement-Montpellier (CEE-M) and LAMETA Univ. Montpellier CNRS INRA SupAgro France

This article discusses the perception of ecosystem services for French and Brazilian pond fish farming. Its aim is to study the extent to which the industry and its stakeholders are aware of the existence of such services in order to be able to prioritize them with respect to social well-being. This identification phase is seldom discussed. It requires that survey questionnaires be designed so as to improve understanding of these perceptions. The surveys undertaken combined both open questions where the interviewees expressed their perceptions spontaneously and closed questions where they were invited to rank a pre-established list of the relevant services. These surveys involved 133 fish farmers and 93 stakeholders. The results show that perceptions differ by question type, and confirm the significance of the questionnaire design and the importance of combining several kinds of approach.

关键词： ecosystem Services Ponds Fish Farming Questionnaire Design France Brazil

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