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Exploring hemp seed hull biomass for an integrated C-5 biorefinery:Xylose and activated carbon

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 310-321页

作者： Sreesha Malayil Luke Loughran Frederik Mendoza Ulken Jagannadh Satyavolu Conn center for Renewable Energy research University of LouisvilleKentucky 40292United States Bioproducts LLC LouisvilleKentucky 40206United States RTI International Research Triangle ParkNC 27709United States

Large quantities of hemp hulls can be completely utilized for creation of value-added products (cost effective biofuels and biochemicals) through a biorefinery approach. A sustainable approach in making xylose, a low calorie sweetener and high surface area activated carbons (AC) for super capacitors, attracts interest. The AC when leveraged as a co-product from biorefinery process makes it more cost effective and, in this paper, we discuss the production of xylose and AC from hemp seed hull with methane sulphonic acid (MSA) hydrolysis. Xylose recovery with MSA hydrolysis was 25.15 g/L when compared to the traditional sulphuric acid (SA) hydrolysis of 19.96 g/L at the same acid loading of 1.8 %. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicate partial delignification along with hemicellulose hydrolysis responsible for high xylose recovery. Post hydrolysis fibers were KOH activated and carbonized to make AC. The MSA hydrolyzed and KOH activated fiber produced pure, fluffier and finer particle AC with a drastic increase in surface area 1 452 m2/g when compared to SA hydrolyzed of 977 m2/g. These results indicate the potential of MSA in dilute acid hydrolysis of biomass for xylose recovery and production of high surface area activated carbon. From a production standpoint this can lead to increased use of sustainable low-cost agricultural biomass for making high surface area AC as components in supercapacitors.

关键词： Xylose C-5 biorefinery Methane sulphonic acid Delignification Activated carbon Dilute acid hydrolysis

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Biomass valorization via electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 542-578页

作者： Keping Wang Zhenyan Guo Min Zhou Ying Yang Lanyun Li Hu Li Rafael Luque Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide&Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationState-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of BiomassCenter for R&D of Fine ChemicalsGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Departamento de Quimica Organica Universidad de CordobaCampus de RabanalesEdificio Marie Curie(C-3)Ctra Nnal IVKm.396E-14014 CordobaSpain Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing(CIAB)Mohali 140306PunjabIndia

Renewable electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass feedstocks into valuable chemicals is one of the promising strategies to relieve the pressure of traditional energy-based *** electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage of high selectivity,various functionalized molecules,such as organic acids,amides,esters,and nitriles,have great potential to be accessed from ***,it has merely received finite concerns and interests in the *** review first showcases the research progress on the electrocatalytic conversion of lipid/sugar-and lignin-derived molecules(e.g.,glycerol,mesoerythritol,xylose,glucose,1-phenylethanol,and cyclohexanol)into organic acids via specific carbon–carbon bond scission processes,with focus on disclosing reaction mechanisms,recognizing actual active species,and collecting feasible modification *** the guidance of further extensive studies on biomass valorization,organic transformations via a variety of reactions,including decarboxylation,ring-opening,rearrangement,reductive hydrogenation,and carboxylation,are also disclosed for the construction of similar carbon skeletons/*** remaining challenges,prospective applications,and future objectives in terms of biomass conversion are also *** review is expected to provide references to develop renewed electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage transformation paths/strategies for biomass upgrading.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Biomass conversion Carbon-carbon bond cleavage Organic acids

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Integration of advanced biotechnology for green carbon

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Green Carbon 2024年第2期2卷 164-175页

作者： Miao Wang Yixiang Wang Jingyuan Liu Hua Yu Peng Liu Yujing Yang Dan Sun Heng Kang Yanting Wang Jingfeng Tang Chunxiang Fu Liangcai Peng Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering(Ministry of Education) National"111"Center for Cellular Regulation&Molecular PharmaceuticsCooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation(Ministry of Education&Hubei Province)Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyBiomass&Bioenergy Research CenterHubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China College of Plant Science&Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics CAS Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy&Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101China

Carbon neutralization has been introduced as a long-term policy to control global warming and climate *** plant photosynthesis produces the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass on Earth,its conversion to biofuels and bioproducts is considered a promising solution for reducing the net carbon ***,natural lignocellulose recalcitrance crucially results in a costly biomass process along with secondary waste *** updating recent advances in plant biotechnology,biomass engineering,and carbon nanotechnology,this study proposes a novel strategy that integrates the genetic engineering of bioenergy crops with green-like biomass processing for cost-effective biofuel conversion and high-value *** selecting key genes and appropriate genetic manipulation approaches for precise lignocellulose modification,this study highlights the desirable genetic site mutants and transgenic lines that are raised in amorphous regions and inner broken chains account for high-density/length-reduced cellulose nanofiber assembly in *** the amorphous regions and inner-broken chains of lignocellulose substrates are defined as the initial breakpoints for enhancing biochemical,chemical,and thermochemical conversions,desirable cellulose nanofibers can be employed to achieve nearcomplete biomass enzymatic saccharification for maximizing biofuels or high-quality biomaterials,even under cost-effective and green-like biomass processes in *** study emphasizes the optimal thermal conversion for generating high-performance nanocarbons by combining appropriate nanomaterials generated from diverse lignocellulose ***,this study provides a perspective on the potential of green carbon productivity as a part of the fourth industrial revolution.

关键词： Lignocellulose biofuels Nanomaterials Nanocarbon Genetic engineering

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Enhancing mixing of cohesive particles by baffles in a rotary drum

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Particuology 2016年第2期14卷 104-110页

作者： Zhixing Zhou Jihong Li Jingzhi Zhou Shizhong Li Junxiao Feng Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Engineering research Centre of biofuels China MOST-USDA Joint research center for biofuels Beijing 100084 China Department of Thermal Science an-d Energy Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beifing Beijing 100081 China

A soft-sphere discrete cohesive powder model was used to simulate the transverse mixing of particles in a rotary drum. Using this model, the effect of cohesion strength and baffle length was investigated. Mixing time （tR） and mixing entropy were used to characterize the mixing behavior. The results showed that increasing particle cohesiveness increases tR. Baffles enhanced transverse mixing, especially for high- cohesive particles. Moreover, the baffle length played a significant role on mixing. An optimized length of 0.50 （L/R） enhances transverse mixing for high-cohesive particles, Further increases in baffle length only decreases the mixing rate by impeding the surface flow layer. In contrast to high-cohesive particles, low-cohesive particles needed much shorter baffles.A soft-sphere discrete cohesive powder model was used to simulate the transverse mixing of particles in a rotary drum. Using this model, the effect of cohesion strength and baffle length was investigated. Mixing time （tR） and mixing entropy were used to characterize the mixing behavior. The results showed that increasing particle cohesiveness increases tR. Baffles enhanced transverse mixing, especially for high- cohesive particles. Moreover, the baffle length played a significant role on mixing. An optimized length of 0.50 （L/R） enhances transverse mixing for high-cohesive particles. Further increases in baffle length only decreases the mixing rate by impeding the surface flow layer. In contrast to high-cohesive particles, low-cohesive particles needed much shorter baffles.

关键词： Cohesive particles Mixing Baffles Rotary drum

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Development of hydrometallurgical process for indium recovery from waste liquid crystal display using Cyphos IL 101

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2020年第9期30卷 2556-2567页

作者： Sumitra NAYAK Niharbala DEVI Department of Chemistry Institute of Technical Education and ResearchSiksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)Bhubaneswar 751030India biofuels and bioprocessing research center Institute of Technical Education and ResearchSiksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)Bhubaneswar 751030India

The main goal of this study was to recover indium from the waste liquid crystal display(LCD)*** this context,an ionic liquid Cyphos IL 101 was *** extraction parameters such as equilibration period,acid concentration,chloride ion concentration,hydrogen ion concentration were examined on the extraction efficiency of Cyphos IL 101 towards In(III).Quantitative extraction of indium was found at 2.0 mol/L HCl using 0.005 mol/L Cyphos IL 101 and quantitative stripping with 1.0 mol/L ***’s method was used to determine the extracted species and R3R'PInCl4(R=C6H13;R′=C14H29)was *** on the observations on multi-metal studies,Cyphos IL 101 was further employed for the removal of indium,tin and copper from the leach liquors of waste *** conditions were generated for the recovery of indium from waste ***−Thiele diagram analysis,counter-current extraction and selective stripping were carried out to separate the metal ions,i.e.,indium,tin and *** stages at O/A ratio of 1:3 were required for complete removal of tin from the feed and selective stripping of In and Sn was achieved using 0.1 mol/L H2SO4.A scheme for separating indium from the waste LCDs was proposed.

关键词： indium extraction separation Cyphos IL 101 liquid crystal display panel

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Establishment and verification of a model for the movement of pulverized sweet sorghum stalks in a rotary drum bioreactor by discrete element method

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Particuology 2020年第4期18卷 53-63页

作者： Xiangwen Guan Zhixing Zhou Jihong Li Shizhong Li Institute of New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Engineering research center for biofuels Institute of New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The mixing of raw materials in a rotary drum bioreactor is important for advanced solid-state fermentation ***,the shape,size,and other properties of pulverized sweet sorghum stalk particles are more complicated than those of the spherical *** this study,a soft rod-shaped discrete particle model was established and verified to simulate the mixing behavior of sweet sorghum stalk particles in a rotary drum *** were inspired by the particle shape and established a rod-shaped particle model by investigating the influence of the shape(length-diameter ratio)and size(diameter)on the particle packing(stack height and bed porosity).We used orthogonal simulations and extremum difference analysis to determine the main factors,optimum level,and groups of other *** on calibrated parameters,twelve sets of simulations of radial mixing in the drum were performed,and the results were compared with experiments conducted under identical operating *** average relative error between the simulation and the experiment was 10.95%,which indicates that they agreed well and that the simulation could predict the mixing process well.

关键词： Sweet sorghum particles Radial mixing Discrete element method Rotary drum bioreactor Parameter determination

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Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors: sustainable solutions for a greener future

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期5卷 418-439页

作者： Shaikh Abdur Razzak Khairul Bahar K.M.Oajedul Islam Abdul Khaleel Haniffa Mohammed Omar Faruque S.M.Zakir Hossain Mohammad M.Hossain Chemical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bahrain

Microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors（PBRs） has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach to address various environmental and energy challenges, offering a multitude of benefits across diverse *** developments in microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors have contributed substantially to the development and optimization of sustainable bioprocesses. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent innovations and breakthroughs in the field of microalgae cultivation, with a specific focus on their application in photobioreactors, aimed at paving the way for a greener future. This study in-depth examines the advantages of microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors, concentrating on its effectiveness in wastewater treatment, CO2bioremediation, and the production of biofuels and high-value products. The review evaluates the effects of light,solar irradiation, temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in culture media, CO2concentrations, and pH on microalgae growth performance, including specific growth and biomass productivity. The study also examines open systems like unstirred ponds, raceway ponds, and circular ponds and closed systems like horizontal tubular, vertical bubble-column, airlift, flat panel, and plastic-bag photobioreactors, comparing their pros and cons. To optimize microalgae cultivation, key factors in photobioreactor design, including photosynthetic efficiencies, light/dark（L/D） cycles, CO2concentrations, mass transfer, hydrodynamics behavior, and p H, are extensively investigated. In addition, the review outlines recent developments in large-scale photobioreactors and highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with photobioreactor scale-up and design parameter optimization, including genetic engineering and economic feasibility. This article is a vital resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals seeking sustainable bioprocesses and the application of microalgae-based technol

关键词： Microalgae biomass CO 2 biofixation Wastewater treatment Biofuel Photobioreactors

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Polymeric dual-modal imaging nanoprobe with two-photon aggregation-induced emission for fluorescence imaging and gadolinium-chelation for magnetic resonance imaging

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 538-549页

作者： Xueyang Xiao Hao Cai Qiaorong Huang Bing Wang Xiaoming Wang Qiang Luo Yinggang Li Hu Zhang Qiyong Gong Xuelei Ma Zhongwei Gu Kui Luo Department of Radiology Department of BiotherapyHuaxi MR Research Center(HMRRC)Laboratory of Stem Cell BiologyCancer CenterDepartment of UltrasoundNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu610041China Amgen bioprocessing Centre Keck Graduate InstituteCA91711USA

Nanoprobes that offer both fluorescence imaging(FI)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)can provide supplementary information and hold synergistic ***,synthesis of such dual-modality imaging probes that simultaneously exhibit tunability of functional groups,high stability,great biocompatibility and desired dual-modality imaging results remains *** this study,we used an amphiphilic block polymer from(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate(OEGMA)and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide(HPMA)derivatives as a carrier to conjugate a MR contrast agent,Gd-DOTA,and a two-photon fluorophore with an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)effect,TPBP,to construct a MR/two-photon fluorescence dual-modality contrast agent,*** of gadolinium in the hydrophilic chain segment of the OEGMA-based carrier resulted in a high r_(1)value for Gd-DOTA-TPBP,revealing a great MR imaging *** contrast agent specifically accumulated in the tumor region,allowing a long enhancement duration for vascular and tumor contrast-enhanced MR ***,coupling TPBP with AIE properties to the hydrophobic chain segment of the carrier not only improved its water solubility and reduced its cytotoxicity,but also significantly enhanced its imaging performance in an aqueous ***-DOTA-TPBP was also demonstrated to act as an excellent fluorescence probe for two-photon-excited bioimaging with higher resolution and greater sensitivity than *** high-resolution,complementary MRI/FI dual-modal images were acquired at both cellular and tissue levels in tumor-bearing mice after application of Gd-DOTA-TPBP,it has great potential in the early phase of disease diagnosis.

关键词： RAFT polymerization Amphiphilic block polymers Magnetic resonance/fluorescence dual-modal imaging Tumor/vascular imaging Two-photon AIE fluorescent contrast agent

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Dendron-polymer hybrid mediated anticancer drug delivery for suppression of mammary cancer

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第4期63卷 115-123页

作者： Dayi Pan Xiuli Zheng Miao Chen Qianfeng Zhang Zhiqian Li Zhenyu Duan Qiyong Gong Zhongwei Gu Hu Zhang Kui Luo Huaxi MR research center(HMRRC) Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041SichuanChina Amegen bioprocessing Centre Keck Graduate InstituteCA91711USA

Dendron-polymer-based nanoscale and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have shown great promise in tumor-targeting accumulation without significant *** we report a dendronized polymer-doxorubicin(DOX)hybrid(DPDH)with an improved in vivo drug delivery efficiency for cancer therapy compared with a linear polymer-DOX conjugate(LPDC).The in vitro drug release profile of DOX indicates that DPDH displays pH-responsive drug release due to cleavage of hydrazone bonds since a greater amount of DOX is released at pH 5.2 at a faster rate than at pH *** efficiently enters 4 T1 cells and releases DOX to induce cytotoxicity and *** to the dendronzied structure,DPDH has a significantly longer blood circulation time than *** substantially enhances the therapeutic efficacy to suppress tumor growth in a 4 T1 mammary cancer model than LPDC as well as free drug,evidenced from tumor growth inhibition,TUNEL assessment and histological *** of DPDH is also confirmed from hemolysis,body weight shifts during treatment and pathological *** study demonstrates the use of dendronized polymer-DOX hybrids for specific drug molecules is a promising approach for drug delivery.

关键词： cancer analysis. release

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GSH-sensitive polymeric prodrug: Synthesis and loading with photosensitizers as nanoscale chemo-photodynamic anti-cancer nanomedicine

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第1期12卷 424-436页

作者： Lei Luo Yiming Qi Hong Zhong Shinan Jiang Hu Zhang Hao Cai Yahui Wu Zhongwei Gu Qiyong Gong Kui Luo Huaxi MR research center(HMRRC) Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400716China research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu 610041China Amgen bioprocessing Centre Keck Graduate InstituteClaremontCA 91711USA

Precisely delivering combinational therapeutic agents has become a crucial challenge for anti-tumor treatment. In this study, a novel redox-responsive polymeric prodrug(molecular weight,MW: 93.5 k Da) was produced by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization. The amphiphilic block polymer-doxorubicin(DOX) prodrug was employed to deliver a hydrophobic photosensitizer(PS), chlorin e6(Ce6), and the as-prepared nanoscale system [NPs(Ce6)] was investigated as a chemo-photodynamic anti-cancer agent. The glutathione(GSH)-cleavable disulfide bond was inserted into the backbone of the polymer for biodegradation inside tumor cells, and DOX conjugated onto the polymer with a disulfide bond was successfully released intracellularly. NPs(Ce6) released DOX and Ce6 with their original molecular structures and degraded into segments with low MWs of 41.2 k Da in the presence of GSH. NPs(Ce6) showed a chemo-photodynamic therapeutic effect to kill 4 T1 murine breast cancer cells, which was confirmed from a collapsed cell morphology, a lifted level in the intracellular reactive oxygen species, a reduced viability and induced apoptosis. Moreover, ex vivo fluorescence images indicated that NPs(Ce6) retained in the tumor, and exhibited a remarkable in vivo anticancer efficacy. The combinational therapy showed a significantly increased tumor growth inhibition(TGI,58.53%). Therefore, the redox-responsive, amphiphilic block polymeric prodrug could have a great potential as a chemo-photodynamic anti-cancer agent.

关键词： Stimuli responsiveness Polymeric prodrug Photodynamic therapy Combinational therapy Nanomedicine

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