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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.Al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Biology Bradley University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

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SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE——~1H-NMR METABOLOMICS APPROACH IN TCM QUALITY CONTROL

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第2期 80-81页

作者： Ka Yui Kum Anthony Booker Christine Leon José Prieto García Michael Heinrich biodiversity and medicines research cluster UCL School of Pharmacy Royal Botanic Gardens

Introduction:Many Danshen(DS-Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae-SM)products are found on the global market albeit without suitable quality *** substitutes including Salvia przewalskii Maxim,*** *** Salvia sinica *** similar ... 详细信息

关键词： NMR METABOLOMICS APPROACH IN TCM QUALITY CONTROL TCM SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE

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Past climate and vegetation in Southeast Bulgaria——a study based on the late Miocene pollen record from the Tundzha Basin

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第1期8卷 43-67页

作者： Dimiter Ivanov Maria Lazarova Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The results of palynological studies on the late Miocene freshwater deposits of the Tundzha Basin(Southeast Bulgaria, SE Europe) are presented. The basin is relatively well known in terms of geology and *** age of sediments in the Tundzha Basin ranges between the late Miocene to the Pliocene, based on mammal and diatom fossils. We carried out a palynological analysis of clayey sediments interlayered with coal beds from four cores and from one outcrop, aiming to obtain information about the composition and the structure of fossil vegetation. The ratios between the main floristic elements and the composition of the fossil flora are analysed and discussed from a palaeoecological point of view. Several main vegetation palaeocommunities were recorded:swamp forests, mixed mesophytic, communities of aquatic plants, and herbaceous palaeocoenoses. The changes in vegetation and in plant diversity are identified. The palaeoclimate analysis indicates a warm temperature climate with high rainfall and mild winter temperatures, without seasonal drier conditions. The early Pontian climate was about 3–4 ℃ warmer than today, with rainfalls per year at least 300 mm higher than today. The results of palaeoecological analysis of the flora and of the quantitative palaeoclimate data show that the climate in the Southeast Bulgaria indicates a climate change towards slight cooling and some drying. This event is consistent with the period of accumulation of the upper, undivided part of the Elhovo Formation.

关键词： Palynology Palaeobotany Coexistence approach Neogene Tundzha Basin Bulgaria

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Plant conservation in Australia:Current directions and future challenges

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 348-356页

作者： Linda Broadhurst David Coates CANBR CSIRO National Research Collections Australia Department of biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

Australia is a large, old and flat island continent that became isolated following the breakup of the Gondwanan super continent. After more than 40-50 M years of independent evolution, approx. 600,000-700,000 species now call Australia home. More than 21,000 of these species are plants, with at least84% of these being endemic. Plant taxa are protected, conserved and managed under a range of legislation at the State-and Territory-level as well as Federally for matters of national significance. This can create issues of misalignment among threatened species lists but generally there is co-operation among conservation agencies to reduce misalignments and to manage species irrespective of jurisdictional borders. Despite significant investment in programs designed to assist the recovery of Australian biodiversity, threatened plants in particular appear to be continuing to decline. This can be attributed to a range of factors including major threatening processes associated with habitat loss and invasive species,lack of public awareness of the cultural and socio-economic value of plant conservation, and our relatively poor understanding of basic species taxonomy and biology, especially for those species that have specific interactions with pollinators, symbionts and herbivores. A recent shift in Federally-based conservation programs has been to identify 30 key plant species for recovery through the setting of measurable targets, improving the support provided to recovery teams and encouraging industry,business and philanthropy to support conservation actions.

关键词： Conservation Plant Australia Threatened species Recovery

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Locomotion behavior of cao vit gibbon(Nomascus nasutus)living in karst forest in Bangliang Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 356-364页

作者： Pengfei FAN Matthew B.SCOTT Hanlan FEI Changyong MA Institute of Eastern-Himalaya biodiversity research Dali UniversityDaliChina

The cao vit gibbon is a critically endangered *** approximately 110 individuals remain in degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam *** forest is unusual gibbon ***,the canopy height of cao vit gibbon habitat is approximately 10 *** on the locomotor behavior of gibbons living in this particular forest type might provide important insight into locomotor stability and variability of *** used 5 min scan samples to record the locomotion mode,support use and canopy strata of gibbons in 3 groups for 2096 h between January 2008 and December *** cao vit gibbon habitat has a lower canopy in comparison to that of other forests inhabited by gibbons,cao vit gibbons displayed a similar overall locomotor pattern to other gibbon species(Symphalangus syndactylus,Hylobates lar and Hylobates agilis)in which brachiation dominate their locomotor *** vit gibbons spent most of their time travelling on inclined branches(2-10 cm)in the middle stratum through the forest *** females appear to more often employ safer modes of locomotion(bridging more often and brachiation less),while adult males choose riskier modes(leaping more and climbing less).As gibbons increased in body weight,as they grew from infant to adult,they tended to use larger *** research documented that locomotor behavior in Hylobatidae is strongly determined by anatomical characters,but cao vit gibbons also show the ability to use various supports,enabling them to survive in karst forest.

关键词： adaptation cao vit gibbon karst forest locomotion Nomascus nasutus

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Germination pretreatment and storage behavior of Terminalia laxiflora seed

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Journal of Forestry research 2019年第4期30卷 1337-1342页

作者： Befkadu Mewded Debissa Lemessa Hailu Negussie Abiyot Berhanu Forest and Rangeland biodiversity Directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute

Terminalia laxiflora Engl.&*** an important indigenous and multi-purpose species in *** threatened due to low germination and its storage behavior is *** this study,we aimed to(1)test pretreatments for breaking the dormancy of *** seed and(2)determine its storage *** were subjected to four pretreatments such as soaking,scarification,high-temperature,and *** were done before storage and after 2 years of dry storage at cold temperature(-10℃)based on randomized design with four *** first round of experimental results showed that *** seeds with high temperature treatments at 78℃for 10 min showed significantly higher germination percentage(80%).In the second round experiment,high-temperature treatment at 78℃for15 min,cold water soaking,high-temperature treatment at78℃for 10 min,hot water soaking,and high-temperature treatment at 78℃for 5 min showed significantly higher germination percentage from the remaining treatments(75,64,58,56,and 53%,respectively).To break the dormancy of *** seed and attain good germination result,seeds should be pretreated with high-temperature at 78℃for 10 min to test the initial germination before storage and should be pretreated with high-temperature(at 78℃for15,10,or 5 min),soaked in cold,or hot water for 24 h to monitor the germination after *** two experiments show that *** produces orthodox seed.

关键词： Dormancy breaking Dry storage High-temperature Soaking Storage behavior

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Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks Sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne Alanna Chant David Coates J.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin Yates biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes Conservation Recovery Restoration biodiversity hotspot

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A new model of speciation

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 289-290页

作者： Loren H.Rieseberg Department of Botany and biodiversity research Centre University of British Columbia NSR

In the first paragraph of ‘On the origin of species’, Darwin [1]refers to speciation as that ‘mystery of mysteries’. Although the means by which new species arise is no longer mysterious, some puzzles remain. One such puzzle, which is addressed in a recent paper from Chung-I Wu’s group on mangrove speciation [2],concerns the popular allopatric speciation model. In this model,

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Springtime migratory restlessness and departure orientation of Great Knots(Calidris tenuirostris)in the south compared to the north Yellow Sea

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Avian research 2017年第3期8卷 123-133页

作者： Ning Hua Susanne Akesson Qianyan Zhou Zhijun Ma Coastal Ecosystems research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan University Centre for Animal Movement research Department of BiologyLund University

Background: The motivation of birds to proceed with migration is associated with both endogenous and exogenous factors. According to their migratory situation and to the characteristics of stopover sites, birds might exhibit migratory motivation differently among sites. Although migratory motivation of migrating birds has been well studied in many species, the investigation of the same species in different migratory situations and at different stopover sites is still limited. We predicted that birds at different stopover sites could differ in migratory disposition, including expression of migratory restlessness and responses to environmental ***: Here we compared migration motivation and orientation of Great Knots(Calidris tenuirostris) at two stopo ver sites, Chongming Dongtan in the south Yellow Sea, which is a temporary rest site, and Yalujiang Estuary Wetland in the north Yellow Sea, which is a critical refuelling site, during northward migration. Modified Emlen funnels, with thermal paper inside to record scratches of the birds, were used to detect activity(intensity and direction) of birds. Environmental conditions, including wind direction and speed, cloud cover, tide condition, times of the day(before and after sunset) were recorded during experiments. Generalized linear models were used to detect the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on the migratory motivation of the ***: In the south Yellow Sea, the migratory activity intensity of Great Knots was positively related to wind assistance. In the north Yellow Sea, where birds exhibited higher intensity of migratory activity than in the south, the intensity increased and the motivation to initiate migration grew stronger as the season advanced. The Great Knots exhibited wind-related orientation behaviour in the funnels at both ***: The results suggest that the intensity of migratory motivation differed between the two sites. Departure decisions of Great Knots appear to

关键词： Migratory restlessness Orientation Departure decision Migratory situation Spatio-temporal program Stopover Yellow Sea Shorebirds

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Park size and prey density limit occurrence of Eurasian Sparrowhawks in urban parks during winter

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Avian research 2018年第3期9卷 206-213页

作者： Claudia Schütz Christian H.Schulze Department of Botany and biodiversity research University of ViennaRennweg 141030 ViennaAustria

Background: Eurasian Sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus) increasingly represent successful city-dwellers. Thereby, a rich food supply indicated by high numbers of small birds is believed to be the key driver for this bird-eating raptor species to settle in urban environments. However, as small passerine birds show particularly strong antipredator responses, sparrowhawks may not simply focus on patches of highest prey densities, but rather respond strategically to prey behavior, raising the importance of other parameters in determining the occurrence within urban ***: To deepen our knowledge on habitat requirements of urban sparrowhawks, bird surveys were carried out during winter between December 2005 and January 2017 in 36 city parks in Vienna, Austria. Besides food supply also park size, canopy heterogeneity and the connectivity with other green spaces were ***: Occurrence of sparrowhawks was positively affected by increasing park size, prey density and the interaction between both. Bird feeder density and park connectivity with other green spaces were of minor importance in explaining the presence of this species. Canopy heterogeneity didn't affect city park occupancy by Eurasian ***: Our results suggest that large city parks, particularly when characterized by high prey densities, substantially contribute to protect and preserve ecologically important bird species such as raptors within the urban environment—a landscape already struggling with biodiversity losses and functional homogenization.

关键词： Birds of prey Bird feeders Prey abundance Habitat connectivity Tree cover Urban ecology

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