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Patterns,Causes and Perceptions of Human-Large Carnivore Conflict in the Chitwan National Park,nepal

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第4期15卷 838-849页

作者： Parwati TIWARI Bishnu Prasad BHATTARAI Jagan Nath ADHIKARI Binod BHATTARAI Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Zoology Birendra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityChitwan 44200Nepal nepal Zoological society Kathmandu 44600Nepal

One of the major management problems in and around protected areas is the intensifying conflict between local people and wildlife,especially large *** depredation and human fatalities caused by attacks of carnivores are found to be serious obstacles in conflict *** study aims to explore the patterns,costs,causes and perceptions of human large carnivore conflict in the Nawalpur area of Chitwan National *** patterns of livestock loss and human casualties due to large carnivores(Panthera tigris and Panthera pardus)were analysed using the secondary data reported to Chitwan National Park from 2001 to *** understand the people’s perception towards carnivores and wildlife conservation,150 victim respondents were asked,with one household selected from each *** 19-year study period,a total of 521 incidents caused by large carnivores were reported,which included 33 human casualties and 488 livestock *** was responsible for the maximum conflict incidents in *** total relief provided for human deaths and injuries was US$17524.41,whereas US$13702.18 was used to compensate for livestock depredation in the Nawalpur area by authorities of the Chitwan National *** than 64%of the respondents liked the presence of carnivores in their area and had a positive attitude toward the conservation of large carnivores,even though the carnivores were responsible for livestock depredation and human injury and ***’s satisfaction with the relief scheme provided by the government depended on ethnicity,gender,age class,occupation,education,insurance,and livestock ownership,but they believed the scheme was not ***,an effective relief scheme and awareness about the process of relief funding should be conducted in conflict *** awareness programs for local communities about large carnivores,their behavior,and preparing predator-proof corrals would be helpful in minimizing conflict in the study a

关键词： depredation human wildlife conflict leopard tiger relief fund

Community perspectives on the effectiveness of watershed management institutions in the Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1119-1139页

作者： Nisha SILWAL Nabin DHUNGANA Rajan SUBEDI Suraj UPADHAYA Chun-Hung LEE Natural Resources conservation nepal(NRCN) ChitwanP.O.Box 44200Nepal Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies College of Environmental StudiesNational Dong Hwa UniversityHualien 97401Chinese Taipei Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan UniversityPokharaP.O.Box 43Nepal School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Kentucky State UniversityFrankfortKY 40601USA Himalayan conservation and Research Institute DolpaP.O.Box 21400Nepal

The sustainability of environmental management initiatives,such as watershed management programs,relies on the presence of effective institutions at the watershed ***,there needs to be more empirical evidence from evaluating the effectiveness of watershed-level ***,this study presents a pioneering effort to evaluate the effectiveness of nepal’s first watershed conservation committee at the watershed scale,focusing on the case of the Khageri Khola watershed in Central *** study involved conducting a household survey,key informant interviews,focus group discussions,and field observations to collect and analyze the *** analysis,index value calculation,and chi-square statistics were then employed to summarize the results regarding local respondents’perceptions of twelve institutional characteristics,their rationalities,and their association with socio-demographic *** results reveal that the watershed conservation committee was perceived as performing well in managing the ***,good interaction,appropriate scale,technical,environmental,social,organizational,and government rationality were perceived as highly effective,with an average index value of less than *** contrast,clarity of objectives and economic rationality showed moderate effectiveness,with an average index value ranging from 0.36 to ***,the results suggested that adaptiveness,compliance capacity,and financial rationality merit increased attention,intending to improve their ***,the results showed the association of socio-demographics with respondents’perceptions of various indicators of institutional characteristics and their ***,the study provides valuable insights for policymakers,researchers,and development practitioners charged with designing sustainable and effective programs and *** enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of watershed management programs,we recommen

关键词： Watershed Watershed institutions Indicators Institutional characteristics Rationalities nepal.

Diversity of Orchids in Terms of Their Distribution, Uses and conservation in Annapurna conservation Area of nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 422-440页

作者： Babu Lal Tiruwa Basu Dev Neupane Rabin Kadariya Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral Bijaya Pant National Trust for Nature conservation (NTNC)-Annapurna conservation Area Project (ACAP) Pokhara Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

The Annapurna conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enough yet thus making the need for ambitious research to be carried out. Previous study only included 81 species of orchids within ACA. This study aims to update the record of species and genera richness in the ACA. In total 198 species of orchids, belonging to 67 genera (40% and 62% of the total recorded orchid species and genera in nepal) has been recorded in ACA. This represents an increase of 144% in species and 56% in genera over the previous data. Out of the 198 species, 99 were epiphytes, 6 were holomycotrophic and 93 were terrestrial. Among the 67 genera, Bulbophyllum (17) species were dominant, followed by Dendrobium (16), Herminium (10), Coelogyne, Plantanthera (9 each), Eria, Habenaria, Oberonia (8 each), Calanthe (7), and Liparis (6). Fifty-six species were found to be ornamentally significant and 85 species medicinally significant.

关键词： Orchids Annapurna conservation Area Diversity Distribution Uses

RNA interference reveals chloride channel 7 gene helps short-term hypersalinity stress resistance in Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1261-1271页

作者： Yeshao PENG Ziao CHEN Qiong DENG Zhen JIA Lingxin KONG Peng ZHU Youhou XU Zhicai SHE Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine biodiversity conservation Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of GuangxiCollege of Marine SciencesBeibu Gulf UniversityQinzhou 535011China

The chloride channel 7 gene(CLC 7)of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis was cloned and named ChCLC *** cDNA was 2572 bp in length,with a 5′non-coding region containing 25 bp,a 3′non-coding region containing 327 bp,and an open reading frame of 2298 *** 7 has 96.8%and 92.1%homology with CLC 7 of Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica,respectively,and it was clustered with CLC 7 of *** and ***-PCR showed that ChCLC 7 was expressed in all eight tissues,with the highest in adductor muscle and second in *** ChCLC 7 expression pattern in gill was altered significantly under high salinity stress with an overall upward and then downward *** RNA interference,the expression of ChCLC 7 and survival rate of oyster under high salinity stress was reduced significantly,and so did the concentration of hemolymph chloride ion in 48-96 h after RNA *** believed that ChCLC 7 could play an important role in osmoregulation of *** by regulating Cl^(-)*** study provided data for the analysis of molecular mechanism against oyster salinity stress.

关键词： Crassostrea hongkongensis chloride channel 7 salinity stress RNA interference

The Identification of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase(PAL)Genes from Pinus yunnanensis and an Analysis of Enzyme Activity in vitro

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 503-516页

作者： Dejin Mu Lin Chen Heze Wang Zhaoliu Hu Sihui Chen Shi Chen Nianhui Cai Yulan Xu Junrong Tang Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on biodiversity conservation in Southwest China Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China College of Forestry Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)is the rate-limiting and pivotal enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid path-way,but few reports have been found on PAL genes in Pinus *** the present study,three PAL genes were cloned and identiﬁed from *** seedlings for theﬁrst time,namely,PyPAL-1,PyPAL-2,and *** results indicated that the open-reading frames of PyPAL genes were 2184,2157,and 2385 *** tree analysis revealed that PyPALs have high homology with other known PAL genes in other *** vitro enzymatic analysis showed that all three PyPAL recombinant proteins could catalyze the deamination of L-phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid,but only PAL1 and PAL2 can catalyze the conversion of L-tyrosine toρ-coumaric *** PyPAL genes were expressed in different tissues in 1-year-old ***,and such genes had different expression *** study lays a foundation for further understanding of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in ***.

关键词： Pinus yunnanensis phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity in vitro functional analysis secondary metabolites

Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an DUO James L.D.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

Aboveground biomass stocks of species-rich natural forests in southern China are influenced by stand structural attributes,species richness and precipitation

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 530-536页

作者： Wen-Hao Zeng Shi-Dan Zhu Ying-Hua Luo Wei Shi Yong-Qiang Wang Kun-Fang Cao State Key Laboratory for conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on biodiversity conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityHuaxi College TownGui'an DistrictGuiyang 550025China

Forests,the largest terrestrial carbon sinks,play an important role in carbon sequestration and climate change *** forest attributes and environmental factors have been shown to impact aboveground biomass,their influence on biomass stocks in species-rich forests in southern China,a biodiversity hotspot,has rarely been *** this study,we characterized the effects of environmental factors,forest structure,and species diversity on aboveground biomass stocks of 30 plots(1 ha each) in natural forests located within seven nature reserves distributed across subtropical and marginal tropical zones in Guangxi,*** results indicate that forest aboveground biomass stocks in this region are lower than those in mature tropical and subtropical forests in other ***,we found that aboveground biomass was positively correlated with stand age,mean annual precipitation,elevation,structural attributes and species richness,although not with species *** we compared stands with the same basal area,we found that aboveground biomass stock was higher in communities with a higher coefficient of variation of diameter at breast *** findings highlight the importance of maintaining forest structural diversity and species richness to promote aboveground biomass accumulation and reveal the potential impacts of precipitation changes resulting from climate warming on the ecosystem services of subtropical and northern tropical forests in ***,many natural forests in southern China are not fully ***,their continued growth will increase their carbon storage over time.

关键词： Subtropical forest Marginal tropical forest Aboveground biomass Species diversity Forest structural attribute Environment factor

Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD Eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic ***,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly *** on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human *** species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and ***,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,*** findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Detour for the inexperienced? Migration count data suggest mostly juvenile Greater Spotted Eagles appear in coastal peninsulas in China

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 249-254页

作者： Xu Shi Xiaoping Wang Qian Wei Qiwei Lin Lei Zhu School of the Environment The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072AustraliaAustralia Centre for Ecology and conservation and Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUK Guangxi biodiversity Research and conservation Association Nanning530022China Snake Island Laotieshan National Nature Reserve Dalian116041China Chongqing Birdwatching society Chongqing400054China Huqiu Rd Gusu DistrictSuzhou215008China Raptor Research Group of Chengdu Chengdu610000China Guangxi Academy of Marine Science Nanning530007China

Soaring bird migration often relies on suitable terrain and airflow;therefore,route selection is vital for successful *** age and experience have been identified as key factor influencing migration route selection among soaring raptors in the African-Eurasian Flyway,how they shape the migration route of soaring raptors in East Asia is still largely *** this study,we investigated potential variations in the routes and timing in autumn migration of juvenile and older soaring birds,using count data of Greater Spotted Eagles(Clanga clanga)from two coastal sites and two inland sites in *** 2020 to 2023,we recorded a total of 340 individuals,with the highest site averaging over 90 individuals per autumn,making it one of the world’s top single-season counts and thus a globally important site for this *** found that 82% and 61% records from coastal sites were juveniles,significantly higher than inland sites(15% and 24%).Juveniles at all four sites exhibited markedly earlier median passage time than non-juveniles,with brief overlapping in their main migration *** coastal sites are located on the tip of peninsulas stretching southwest,requiring long overwater flights if crossing the Bohai Bay or Beibu Gulf,which would be energetically demanding and increase mortality *** individuals may have learned to avoid such terrain and subsequent detour,while juveniles are more prone to enter these peninsulas due to lack of experience and opportunities for social learning,or following other raptor species that are more capable of powered *** findings highlight the importance of age and experience in migration route selection of large soaring birds.

关键词： Clanga clanga East Asia Greater Spotted Eagle Juvenile Migration route Social learning