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Mechanism on minimization of excess sludge in oxic-settling- anaerobic (OSA) process

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第1期2卷 36-43页

作者： Jianfang WANG Qingliang ZHAO Wenbiao JIN Jikan LIN School of Municipal&Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Harbin Institute of technology Campus of Shenzhen University Town Shenzhen 518055China bio-treat technology limited Dongguan 523581China

The oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA)process is a promising wastewater treatment technique for efficiently reducing sludge production and improving the stability of process *** this paper,the possible factors of sludge reduction such as sludge decay,uncoupled metabol-ism,and anaerobic oxidation with low sludge production were discussed in the OSA *** has been confirmed that sludge decay is the decisive cause in the OSA process,accounting for 66.7%of sludge production *** decay includes hydrolysis and acidogenesis of dead microorganisms and particle organic carbon adsorbed in sludge floc and endogenous *** batch experi-ments,it has been proven that there is energetic uncoupling in the OSA system since microorganisms were exposed to alternative anaerobic and aerobic *** accounts for about 7.5%of sludge production *** chemical oxygen demand(SCOD)released from the anaerobic sludge tank in the OSA process was used as the substrate for cryptic *** substrate was used for anoxic denitrifying,anaerobic phosphorus release,sulfate reduction,and methane *** anaerobic reactions in the sludge anaerobic tank have lower sludge production than in the aerobic oxidation when equivalent SCOD is consumed,which may lead to approximately 23%of sludge reduction in the OSA *** has been concluded that multiple causes resulted in the minimization of excess sludge in the OSA *** microbial community structure and diversity of sludge samples from the CAS(conventional activated sludge)and OSA systems were investigated by 16 SrDNA PCR-DG-DGGE(poly-merase chain reaction-double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis).DGGE profile and cluster analysis showed more abundant species in the OSA system contrasting to microbial communities in the CAS system.

关键词： sludge minimization sludge decay uncoupled metabolism denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) microbial community

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Structure and Properties of PLA Composite Enhanced with biomass Fillers from Herbaceous Plants

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第2期11卷 491-503页

作者： Haining Na Juncheng Huang Hongguang Xu Fei Liu Liangke Xie Baoqing Zhu Jiuchen Wang Jin Zhu Key Laboratory of bio-Based Polymeric Materials of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China Weifang Yunding New Material technology Company limited Weifang262100China Jilin Hwood technology Company limited Dunhua133712China

PLA composites containing biomass fillers from the three herbaceous plants such as reed,wheat stalk,and coco-nut fiber with length and diameter at the scale of several millimeters were prepared without using *** reinforcement effect on the properties of PLA/biomass filler composites is *** research results show that the PLA/biomass filler composites exhibit good stiffness,flexural strength,and impact *** the three kinds of biomass fillers,reed reinforced PLA composites show optimal mechanical *** filled with 40%–50%reed,the flexural moduli of the composites are over 7000 *** strength retains at the same level of pure *** notch impact strength reaches to 4.50±0.73 kJ/m^(2),which is 2.06 times higher than that of pure ***,the introduction of biomass fillers increases the crystallization ability of PLA and does not increase the water absorption of the *** research demonstrated that PLA composites prepared with biomass fillers from the herbaceous plants(namely herb plastic composites,HPCs)is a material with good comprehensive mechanical properties while retaining the intrinsic particularity of biological sources.

关键词： PLA biomass filler herb plastic composites

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Mechanism of zinc damaging to blast furnace tuyere refractory

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2009年第6期22卷 454-460页

作者： Xuefeng FANG Mansheng CHU Fengman SHEN Zhuming ZHANG school of Minerals Processing and bio-engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China technology Center Kunming Iron and Steel Limited Company Kunming 650302 China School of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

The phenomena of tuyere upward-warp have been found at No.6 blast furnace in Kunming Steel Company China after its blow-in, which has made a great impact on the practical production of the furnace. Thus, a number of efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon. The results of investigation and tests revealed that the enrichment and expansion of zinc in the tuyere bricks is the main factor leading to the tuyere upward-warp. The eroding behavior of zinc is that the inner structure of the tuyere bricks turns from dense to loose with entering, enriching and expanding of zinc, which forms spot-like→stripe-like→ditch-like→vein-like→tumorlike eroding passage. Additionally, it is found that the sequence of deleterious ele- ments entering the tuyere refractory is K, Na, Zn and Pb, respectively. Finally, the phenomena and process of zinc crystallization and growth in the refractory have been clearly observed and recorded during this investigation.

关键词： Blast furnace Tuyere Refractory Zinc Erosion Deleterious elements

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Three-dimensional perfused human in vitro model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第2期23卷 204-215页

作者： Tomasz Kostrzewski Terri Cornforth Sophie A Snow Larissa Ouro-Gnao Cliff Rowe Emma M Large David J Hughes CN bio Innovations limited Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AXUnited Kingdom

AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture *** The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver disease Three-dimensional cell culture Organ-on-chip Primary cell culture Fatty liver Hepatocytes

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Meta Shack–Hartmannwavefront sensor with large sampling density and large angular field of view:phase imaging of complex objects

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1908-1918页

作者： Gi-Hyun Go Dong-gu Lee Jaeyeon Oh Gookho Song Doeon Lee Mooseok Jang Department of bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea

Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensors measure the local slopes of an incoming wavefront based on the displacement of focal spots created by a lenslet array,serving as key components for adaptive optics for astronomical and biomedical ***,the challenges in increasing the density and the curvature of the lenslet have limited the use of such wavefront sensors in characterizing slowly varying wavefront ***,we develop a metasurfaceenhanced Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor(meta SHWFS)to break this limit,considering the interplay between the lenslet parameters and the performance of *** experimentally validate the meta SHWFS with a sampling density of 5963 permm2 and a maximum acceptance angle of 8°which outperforms the traditional SFWFS by an order of ***,to the best of our knowledge,we demonstrate the first use of a wavefront sensing scheme in single-shot phase imaging of highly complex patterns,including biological tissue *** proposed approach opens up new opportunities in incorporating exceptional light manipulation capabilities of the metasurface platform in complex wavefront characterization.

关键词： angular curvature exceptional

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Solar-driven high-efficiency remediation of wastewater containing small dye molecules

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第10期64卷 2237-2245页

作者： WANG ZuBin LIU Kang HENG LiPing JIANG Lei Key Laboratory of bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and technology of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and DevicesSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Remediation of wastewater containing dye molecules is necessary to alleviate the significant threat that poses to human health and the *** treatment technologies are seriously limited by their low efficiency for removing small dye molecules or/and inferior ***,we report a bio-inspired,solar-driven,regenerable separation device capable of separating small dye molecules from the wastewater with high *** device is composed of porous super-hydrophilic ceramic and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).In comparison with previously reported systems,the resultant device not only achieved a highly promising separation efficiency of>99%for dye-containing wastewater,even for small dye molecules(<1.25 nm),but also demonstrated excellent separation stability and strong resistance to acid/***,the device demonstrated impressive regenerability on simple calcination and re-coating of the CNT layer after it was *** novel separation device shows potential for application in many fields,such as dye separation,wastewater purification and desalination.

关键词： dye separation wastewater purification solar-driven remediation high efficiency regenerability

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Agroecological management of a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest in vineyards

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 475-486页

作者： Jerry Asalma Nboyine Stephane Boyer David J. Saville Stephen David Wratten bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Christchurch New Zealand CSIR Savanna Agriculture Research Institute Tamale Ghana Environmental and Animal Sciences Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland New Zealand Saville Statistical Consulting limited Lincoln New Zealand

The efficacy of different combinations of undervine and inter-row treatments for managing a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest, weta （Hemiandrus sp.）, in vineyards was investigated over 2 seasons. This insect damages vine buds, thus reducing subsequent grape yield. The undervine treatments comprised pea straw mulch, mussel shells, tick beans [Viciafaba Linn. var minor （Fab）], plastic sleeves on vine trunks （treated control） and control （no intervention）, while inter-rows contained either the existing vegetation or tick beans. treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. Data were collected on weta densities, damage to beans and components of yield. The latter were numbers of bud laid down per vine, shoots per bud, clusters per shoot, grape bunches per vine, bunch weight and yield. The undervine treatments significantly affected all variables except the number of shoots per bud. In contrast, none of the variables was significantly affected by the inter-row treatments or their interaction with undervine treatments, apart from weta density. At the end of the experiment, weta density in the shell treatment was about 58% lower than in the control. As a result, there was about 39% significant yield increase in that treatment compared to the control. Although the undervine beans and sleeves treatments increased yield, there were no reductions in weta density. With undervine beans, the insect fed on the bean plants instead of vine buds. Thus, yield in that treatment was approximately 28% higher than in the control. These results demonstrate that simple agroecological management approaches can reduce above-ground damage by soil-dwelling insects.

关键词： cover crops grapevine yield pest management soil-dwelling insects vineyards yield loss

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Magnetization of microorganism cells by thermal decomposition method

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第5期54卷 1275-1280页

作者： ZHANG DeYuan ZHANG WenQiang CAI Jun bionic and Micro/Nano/bio Manufacturing technology Research Center Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

The bio-limited forming technology, a new technology organically integrating microbiology, manufacturing science and materials science, is used in the manufacturing of magnetic or conductive microstructures of different standard shapes. This paper explores the feasibility of magnetizing microorganism with thermal decomposition method. The principle of thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl has been adopted to investigate the cells of Spirulina (a type of nature micro-helical microorganism) coated with pure iron. Further analysis have been conducted on the observations results of hollow micro-helical magnetic particles form, components and the phase structure obtained by using various tools including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Results showed that Spirulina cells could be coated with iron particles after the completion of thermal decomposition process, with well-kept shape of natural helixes and consistent components of different sampling points on the surface layer and thickness of layer. After the heat treatment at 700°C, the type of the surface iron layer formed was α-Fe. The paper also investigates the kinetics of the cell magnetization technology by thermal decomposition.

关键词： bio-manufacturing bio-limited forming hollow micro-helical magnetic particles Fe(CO)5 thermal decomposition

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Dengue epidemiology and pathogenesis:images of the future viewed through a mirror of the past

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第5期30卷 326-343页

作者： Rashedul Islam Mohammed Salahuddin Md.Salahuddin Ayubi Tahmina Hossain Apurba Majumder Andrew W.Taylor-Robinson Abdullah Mahmud-Al-Rafat bio-Resources technology and Industrial biotechnology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringJahangirnagar University biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline Khulna University School of Medical & Applied Sciences Central Queensland University Research and Development (R&D) Department Incepta Vaccine Limited

Every year, millions of individuals throughout the world are seriously affected by dengue virus. The unavailability of a vaccine and of anti-viral drugs has made this mosquito-borne disease a serious health concern. Not only does dengue cause fatalities but it also has a profoundly negative economic impact. In recent decades, extensive research has been performed on epidemiology, vector biology, life cycle, pathogenesis, vaccine development and prevention. Although dengue research is still not at a stage to suggest definite hopes of a cure, encouraging significant advances have provided remarkable progress in the fight against infection. Recent developments indicate that both anti-viral drug and vaccine research should be pursued, in parallel with vector control programs.

关键词： dengue epidemiology pathogenesis dengue vaccine ve

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Early recovery process and restoration planning of burned pine forests in central eastern Korea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 243-255页

作者： Ji Hong An Chi Hong Lim Yong Chan Cho Chang Seok Lee Department of bio and Environmental technology Seoul Women's University Division of Plant Conservation Korea National Arboretum

In central eastern Korea, there has been a continued effort to sustain pine forests because of their value for wood and mushroom production, as well as for other resources. Through the analysis of previously burned areas,we clarified the effects of fire on vegetation dynamics of pine forests by measuring changes in species composition,population structure, and the growth rates of major tree species. Vegetation analysis was conducted on a series of 100 m^2 plots established in Korean red pine(Pinus densiflora Siebold. & Zucc.) and Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch. Ex Ledeb.) forests situated in three different topographic positions on slopes where fire severity varied. We confirmed that most pine trees will succumb to even a surface fire, whereas oak may be killed following high intensity or infrequent fires but will sprout and become dominant. Complete protection from fire favors other, more shade-tolerant deciduous hardwoods. Different restoration plans apply, based on observed vegetation responses for each topographic zone. Near the ridge top,where pine seed sources are most limited, it may be necessary to restore pine forests by planting and to control competing shrubs and herbs. At the mountain foot, where exotic species and species modified by hybridization have invaded aggressively, restoration that involves the introduction of natural vegetation is required. Mid-slope sites,where pine has been replaced by natural vegetation dominated by Mongolian oak, do not require any form of restorative treatment.

关键词： Vegetation succession Vegetation type Fire severity Fire disturbance Landscape structure

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