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Towards efficient generative AI and beyond-AI computing:New trends on ISSCC 2024 machine learning accelerators

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 12-15页

作者： Bohan Yang Jia Chen Fengbin Tu Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of the Gifted young University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026Chin

Compared to the last decade when the convolution neu-ral network(CNN)dominated the research field,machine learn-ing(ML)algorithms have reached a pivotal moment called the generative artificial intelligence(AI)era.With the emer-gence of large-scale foundation models[1],such as large multi-modal model(LMM)GPT-4[2]and text-to-image generative model DALL·E[3].

关键词： ISSCC beyond AI

An artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution-based surface electromyogram-driven anti-disturbance zeroing neurodynamic strategy for upper limb human-robot interaction control

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 511-525页

作者： Yongbai Liu Keping Liu Gang Wang Jiliang Zhang Yao Chou Zhongbo Sun Department of Mechanical Engineering Changchun University of TechnologyChangchunChina Department of Control Engineering Changchun University of TechnologyChangchunChina School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jilin Engineering Normal UniversityChangchunChina College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyangChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA

In recent years,intelligent robots are extensively applied in the field of the industry and intelligent rehabilitation,wherein the human-robot interaction(HRI)control strategy is a momentous part that needs to be ameliorated.Specially,the efficacy and robustness of the HRI control algorithm in the presence of unknown external disturbances deserve to be addressed.To deal with these urgent issues,in this study,artificial systems,computational experiments and a parallel execution intelligent control framework are constructed for the HRI control.The upper limb-robotic exoskeleton system is re-modelled as an artificial system.Depending on surface electromyogram-based subject's active motion intention in the practical system,a non-convex function activated anti-disturbance zeroing neurodynamic(NC-ADZND)controller is devised in the artificial system for parallel interaction and HRI control with the practical system.Furthermore,the linear activation function-based zeroing neurodynamic(LAF-ZND)controller and proportionalderivative(posterior deltoid(PD))controller are presented and compared.Theoretical results substantiate the global convergence and robustness of the proposed controller in the presence of different external disturbances.In addition,the simulation results verify that the NC-ADZND controller is better than the LAF-ZND and the PD controllers in respect of convergence order and anti-disturbance characteristics.

关键词： neural network pattern recognition robotics signal processing

The Effects of Competence and Auditor Training on Fraud Detection Within Multinational Companies in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2024年第1期20卷 1-13页

作者： Ivan Djossa Tchokoté Joëlle Tsobze Tiomeguim Catholic university of Central Africa YaoundéCameroon Ernst&young DoualaCameroun

The aim of this study is to examine the qualities that auditors engaged in detecting potential fraud within multinational corporations in Sub-Saharan Africa should possess.To achieve this goal,a quantitative approach was used to develop and test a research model based on three theories:agency theory,attribution theory,and cognitive dissonance theory.Responses from a panel of two hundred and nine(209)auditors who conducted a legal audit mission in a Sub-Saharan multinational were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.3.3 software.The results emphasize the crucial importance of auditors’competence and continuous training in fraud detection.However,professional skepticism and time pressure were found to be non-significant in this context.This conclusion provides essential insights for auditors,highlighting the key qualities needed to effectively address fraud detection within multinational corporations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： fraud legal audit fraud detection multinationals Sub-Saharan Africa

Mesenchymal stem cell-based TRAIL delivery inhibits the metastatic state of clinical therapy-resistant progressive neuroblastoma

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 287-293页

作者： Dinesh Babu Somasundaram Andrew Maher Sheeja Aravindan Zhongxin Yu Brian MBesch Natarajan Aravindan Department of Radiation Oncology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Stephenson Cancer Center Oklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Pathology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Radiation Biology Laboratory University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterBSEB 302F941 Stanton L.Young BoulevardOklahoma CityOK 73104USA

Progressive neuroblastomas(pNBs)that defy current intensive multimodal clinical therapy(IMCT)are a significant contributor to overall childhood cancer deaths[l].Neuroblastomas(NBs)that survive first-line IMCT actively evolve to acquire genetic and molecular rearrangements and display unparalleled plasticity and evolution,which causes frequent relapses in a rapidly accelerating timeline[2-4].

关键词： neuroblastoma clinical evolve

Straw return influences the structure and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a rice-wheat rotation system

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 339-350页

作者： Silong ZHAI Junjie XIE Zongyi TONG Bing YANG Weiping CHEN Roger TKOIDE Yali MENG Xiaomin HUANG Atta Mohi Ud DIN Changqing CHEN Haishui YANG College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biology Brigham Young UniversityProvo UT 84602USA Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China National Research Center of Intercropping The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Straw return is a sustainable soil fertility-building practice,which can affect soil microbial communities.However,how straw return affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is not well explored.Here,we studied the impacts of different straw management treatments over eight years on the structure and functioning of AMF communities in a rice-wheat rotation system.The straw management treatments included no tillage with no straw(NTNS),rotary tillage straw return(RTSR),and ditch-buried straw return(DBSR).The community structure of AMF was characterized using high-throughput sequencing,and the mycorrhizal functioning was quantified using an in situ mycorrhizal-suppression treatment.Different straw management treatments formed unique AMF community structure,which was closely related to changes in soil total organic carbon,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,ammonium,and nitrate.When compared with NTNS,RTSR significantly increased Shannon diversity in 0–10 cm soil layer,while DBSR increased it in 10–20 cm soil layer;DBSR significantly increased hyphal length density in the whole ploughing layer(0–20 cm),but RTSR only increased it in the subsurface soil layer(10–20 cm).The mycorrhizal responses of shoot biomass and nutrient(N and P)uptake were positive under both straw return treatments(RTSR and DBSR),but negative under NTNS.The community composition of AMF was significantly correlated to hyphal length density,and the latter was further a positive predictor for the mycorrhizal responses of plant growth and nutrient uptake.These findings suggest that straw return can affect AMF community structure and functioning,and farmers should manage mycorrhizas to strengthen their beneficial effects on crop production.

关键词： community structure hyphal length density shoot biomass shoot N uptake shoot P uptake soil physicochemical properties straw management tillage

A systematic review of cytoreductive prostatectomy outcomes and complications in oligometastatic disease

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 208-220页

作者： Andrey Morozov Leonid Chuvalov Mark Taratkin Mikhail Enikeev Leonid Rapoport Nirmish Singla Eric Barret Elena Poddubskaya Maria Borodina Georg Salomon Juan Gomez Rivas Dmitry Enikeev Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussia young Academic Urologists EAUthe Netherlands Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA Department of Urology Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParisFrance Sechenov university MoscowRussia Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research InstituteMoscowRussia Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute MoscowRussia Martini Clinic University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of Urology Clinico San Carlos University HospitalMadridSpain Department of Urology Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Objective: To analyze outcomes and complications of cytoreductive prostatectomy (CRP) for oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa) in order to elucidate its role in this space.Methods: We performed a systematic literature search using three databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science). The primary endpoints were oncologic outcomes. The secondary endpoints were complication rates and functional results.Results: In all studies, overall survival was better or at least comparable variable in the groups with CRP compared to no local treatment. The greatest benefit from CRP in 5-year overall survival in one study was 67.4% for CRP versus 22.5% for no local treatment. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) showed the same trend. Several authors found significant benefits from CSS in the CRP group: from 79% vs. 46% to 100% vs. 61%. CRP was a predictor of better CSS (hazard ratio 0.264, p=0.004). Positive surgical margin rates differed widely from 28.6% to 100.0%. Urinary continence in CRP versus RP for localized PCa was significantly lower (57.4% vs. 90.8%, p<0.0001). Severe incontinence occurred seldom (2.5%-18.6%). Total complication rates after CRP differed widely, from 7.0% to 43.6%. Rates of grades 1 and 2 events prevailed. Patients on ADT alone also showed a considerable number of complications varying from 5.9% to 57.7%.Conclusion: CRP improves medium-term cancer control in patients with oligometastatic PCa. The morbidity and complication rates of this surgery are comparable with other approaches, but postoperative incontinence rate is higher compared with RP for localized disease.

关键词： Systematicreview Prostatecancer Oligometastatic Bone metastases Cytoreductive prostatectomy

Isochrone Fitting of Galactic Globular Clusters—Ⅵ. High-latitude Clusters NGC 5024 (M53), NGC 5053, NGC 5272 (M3), NGC 5466, and NGC7099 (M30)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期 172-192页

作者： G.A.Gontcharov S.S.Savchenko A.A.Marchuk C.J.Bonatto O.S.Ryutina M.Yu.Khovritchev V.B.Il'in A.V.Mosenkov D.M.Poliakov A.A.Smirnov Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg State university Special Astrophysical Observatory Russian Academy of Sciences Departamento de Astronomia Instituto de Física UFRGS Av.Bento Gon?alves Saint Petersburg university of Aerospace Instrumentation Department of Physics and Astronomy Brigham Young University

We fit various color–magnitude diagrams(CMDs) of the high-latitude Galactic globular clusters NGC 5024(M53),NGC 5053, NGC 5272(M3), NGC 5466, and NGC 7099(M30) by isochrones from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database and Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones for α–enrichment [α/Fe] = +0.4. For the CMDs, we use data sets from Hubble Space Telescope, Gaia, and other sources utilizing, at least, 25 photometric filters for each cluster. We obtain the following characteristics with their statistical uncertainties for NGC 5024, NGC 5053,NGC 5272, NGC 5466, and NGC 7099, respectively: metallicities [Fe/H] =-1.93 ± 0.02,-2.08 ± 0.03,-1.60 ± 0.02,-1.95 ± 0.02, and-2.07 ± 0.04 dex with their systematic uncertainty 0.1 dex; ages 13.00 ± 0.11,12.70 ± 0.11, 11.63 ± 0.07, 12.15 ± 0.11, and 12.80 ± 0.17 Gyr with their systematic uncertainty 0.8 Gyr;distances(systematic uncertainty added) 18.22 ± 0.06 ± 0.60, 16.99 ± 0.06 ± 0.56, 10.08 ± 0.04 ± 0.33, 15.59 ±0.03 ± 0.51, and 8.29 ± 0.03 ± 0.27 kpc; reddenings E(B-V) = 0.023 ± 0.004, 0.017 ± 0.004, 0.023 ± 0.004,0.023 ± 0.003, and 0.045 ± 0.002 mag with their systematic uncertainty 0.01 mag; extinctions AV= 0.08 ± 0.01,0.06 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.01 mag with their systematic uncertainty 0.03 mag, which suggest the total Galactic extinction AV= 0.08 across the whole Galactic dust to extragalactic objects at the North Galactic Pole. The horizontal branch morphology difference of these clusters is explained by their different metallicity, age, mass-loss efficiency, and loss of low-mass members in the evolution of the core-collapse cluster NGC 7099 and loose clusters NGC 5053 and NGC 5466.

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A Novel Disturbance Observer Based Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control for Robotic Manipulators With Global Fast Convergence

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 661-672页

作者： Dan Zhang Jiabin Hu Jun Cheng Zheng-Guang Wu Huaicheng Yan IEEE Zhejiang university of Technology Guangxi Normal university Zhejiang university the East China university of Science and Technology

This paper proposes a new global fixed-time sliding mode control strategy for the trajectory tracking control of uncertain robotic manipulators.First,a fixed-time disturbance observer(FTDO) is designed to deal with the adverse effects of model uncertainties and external disturbances in the manipulator systems.Then an adaptive scheme is used and the adaptive FTDO(AFTDO) is developed,so that the priori knowledge of the lumped disturbance is not required.Further,a new non-singular fast terminal sliding mode(NFTSM) surface is designed by using an arctan function,which helps to overcome the singularity problem and enhance the robustness of the system.Based on the estimation of the lumped disturbance by the AFTDO,a fixed-time non-singular fast terminal sliding mode controller(FTNFTSMC)is developed to guarantee the trajectory tracking errors converge to zero within a fixed time.The settling time is independent of the initial state of the system.In addition,the stability of the AFTDO and FTNFTSMC is strictly proved by using Lyapunov method.Finally,the fixed-time NFESM(FTNFTSM) algorithm is validated on a 2-link manipulator and comparisons with other existing sliding mode controllers(SMCs) are performed.The comparative results confirm that the FTNFTSMC has superior control performance.

关键词： Disturbance observer(DO) fixed-time non-singular sliding mode control robotic manipulator trajectory tracking

Dynamic manipulation of multimodal emission in Er3+-activated non-core-shell structure for optical thermometry and information security

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1702-1712页

作者： Xuan Liu Zi-Xia Lin Yin-Biao Shi Xiao-Yan Wang Ming-Ye Ding Xiao-Fei Yang College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Testing Center Yangzhou University

Regulating luminescent dynamics of lanthanide-based luminescent materials via external stimuli is of great significance in the fields of optical thermometry and high-level anti-counterfeiting.However,it is still a huge challenge to realize multimodal emissions with tunable color outputs from a single activator in simple structures via smart dynamic control of photon transition processes.Herein,we present a mechanistic strategy to achieve multimodal luminescence of Er3+activators with color-switchable outputs in a non-core-shell host.Under the control of excitation dynamics(λex=980,808,1532,377 nm),the population among the intermediate en ergy levels of Er3+and the interaction between Er3+and Yb3+could be precisely modulated through energy transfer and migration processes,leading to the generation of colortunable multimodal luminescence upon diverse excitation modes（non-steady-state,single-/dual-wavelength steady,thermal activation）.Inspired by its special luminescent performance,the as-obtained material exhibits great potential in noncontact thermometry,multimodal anticounterfeiting,and high-capacity information encryption by performing a series of proof-of-concept experiments.Our findings might provide a conceptual model to modulate the luminescent dynamics in a simple-structured system for the generation of color-adjustable multimodal emissions,which is convenient for the development of advanced luminescent materials toward versatile cuttingedge applications.

关键词： Lanthanide ions Multimodal emission Upconversion Downshifting Anti-counterfeiting Luminescent thermometry