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Mating system and genetic diversity of a rare desert legume Ammopiptanthus nanus (Leguminosae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 57-66页

作者： Daniel J CRAWFORD Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research CenterThe University of Kansas

Ammopiptanthus nanus is an endangered evergreen shrub endemic to the deserts of central Asia and plays an important role in delaying further desertification. We examined allozyme variation and AFLP diversity in A. nanus populations and investigated the mating system of this species using progeny arrays assayed for poly-morphic allozyme loci. Mating system analysis in the Keyi’eryongke’er population showed low levels of out-crossing, and strong inbreeding depression. Low levels of genetic variation were detected at both population (allozyme, Pp=14.0%, A=1.14, He=0.031; AFLP, Pp=14.5%, Shannon’s information index I=0.063) and species (allozyme, Pp=21.1%, A=1.21, He=0.040; AFLP, Pp=20.9%, I=0.083) levels; while moderate genetic differentiation existed among populations, as indicated by allozymes (GST=0.081) and AFLP (GST=0.151-0.193). Founder effect, bottlenecks in evolutionary history, the mixed mating system and co-ancestry may have influenced the level of genetic diversity in A. nanus. Markers of both types provide new insights for conservation management, indicating that the Biao’ertuokuoyi and Keyi’eryongke’er populations should be given priority for in situ conservation and regarded as seed sources for ex situ conservation.

关键词： AFLP allozyme Ammopiptanthus conservation endangered plant genetic structure outcrossing rate

Re-identifying Grateloupia yangjiangensis(Rhodophyta, Halymeniaceae) based on morphological observations, life history and rbcL sequence analyses

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第4期33卷 77-84页

作者： WANG Hongwei GUO Shaoru ZHANG Xiaoming ZHAO Dan ZHANG Wen LUAN Rixiao College of Life Sciences Liaoning Normal University Dalian natural history museum

On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows：（1） the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;（2） there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;（3） the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene（rbcL） sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.

关键词： Grateloupia yangjiangensis Halymeniaceae Rhodophyta morphological observations life history rbcL

A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第3期87卷 678-685页

作者： Lü Junchang YI Laiping ZHONG Hui WEI Xuefang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Ganzhou museum of natural history

A new somphospondylan sauropod （Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes）： Gannansaurus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of Ganzhou Basin, Jiangxi Province of southern China is erected based on one nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra. It is characterized by two centroprezygapophyseal lamina fossae; large, square-shaped concavity formed by centroprezygapophyseal lamina and dorsal margin of the centrum; large infraparapophyseal fossa; three openings present within the large lateral concavity, which occupy 65% length of the centrum; the posterior centroparapophyseal lamina （PCPL） and the anterior centroparapophyseal lamina （ACPL） weakly developed; the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina （PCDL） separated by an infradiapophyseal fossa into two branches dorsally; parapophyseal and diapophyseal laminae cross to form ＂K＂ configuration. It shares some characters with the Early Cretaceous form-Euhelopus, indicating that it is more closely related to Euhelopus rather than to other titanosauriform sauropods. This means Gannansaurus may have a close phylogenetic relationship with Euhelopus.

关键词： Ganzhou Jiangxi Province Late Cretaceous Gannansaurus Somphospondyli Titanosauriformes

End-Triassic nonmarine biotic events

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第4期4卷 331-348页

作者： Spencer G.Lucas Lawrence H.Tanner New Mexico museum of natural history Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College

The Late Triassic was a prolonged interval of elevated extinction rates and low origination rates that manifested themselves in a series of extinctions during Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian time. Most of these extinctions took place in the marine realm, particularly affecting radiolarians, conodonts, bivalves, ammonoids and reef-building organisms. On land, the case for a Late Triassic mass extinction is much more tenuous and has largely focused on tetrapod vertebrates（amphibians and reptiles）, though some workers advocate a sudden endTriassic（TJB） extinction of land plants. Nevertheless, an extensive literature does not identify a major extinction of land plants at the TJB, and a comprehensive review of palynological records concluded that TJB vegetation changes were non-uniform（different changes in different places）, not synchronous and not indicative of a mass extinction of land plants. Claims of a substantial perturbation of plant ecology and diversity at the TJB in East Greenland are indicative of a local change in the paleoflora largely driven by lithofacies changes resulting in changing taphonomic filters. Plant extinctions at the TJB were palaeogeographically localized events, not global in extent. With new and more detailed stratigraphic data, the perceived TJB tetrapod extinction is mostly an artifact of coarse temporal resolution, the compiled correlation effect. The amphibian, archosaur and synapsid extinctions of the Late Triassic are not concentrated at the TJB, but instead occur stepwise, beginning in the Norian and extending into the Hettangian. There was a disruption of the terrestrial ecosystem across the TJB, but it was more modest than generally claimed. The ecological severity of the end-Triassic nonmarine biotic events are relatively low on the global scale. Biotic turnover at the end of the Triassic was likely driven by the CAMP（Central Atlantic Magmatic Province） eruptions, which caused significant environmental perturbations（cooling, warming,

关键词： Triassic-Jurassic boundary mass extinction land plants East Greenland tetrapods Newark Supergroup CAMP volcanism

A New Species of Odorrana Inhabiting Complete Darkness in a Karst Cave in Guangxi, China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第1期6卷 11-17页

作者： Yunming MO Weicai CHEN Huaying WU Wei ZHANG Shichu ZHOU natural history museum of Guangxi School of Life Sciences East China Normal University

A new species of the genusOdorrana is described from a completely dark karst cave of northeastern Guangxi, southern China. The new species,Odorranalipuensissp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters： medium size （SVL： 40.7–47.7 mm in males, 51.1–55.4 mm in females）;tips of all but ifrst ifnger expanded with circummarginal grooves; smooth, grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling; pineal body invisible; throat to upper abdomen with gray mottling; dorsal surfaces of limbs with brown bands; dorsolateral fold absent; tiny spinules on lateral body, temporal region, and anterior and posterior edge of tympanum;white nuptial pad present on ifnger I; males lacking vocal sacs; females having creamy yellow eggs, without black poles. Uncorrected sequence divergences ***. nov. and all homologous 16S rRNA sequences ofOdorrana available on GenBank is equal to or greater than 4.9%. Currently, the new species is only known from the type locality.

关键词： Odorrana lipuensis sp. nov. karst cave Guangxi southern China

PLIOCENE NYCTEREUTES (CARNIVORA: CANIDAE)FROM YUSHE, SHANXI, WITH COMMENTS ON CHINESE FOSSIL RACOON-DOGS

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1991年第3期 179-189页

作者： Richard H. Tedford American museum of natural history New York

The first Chinese fossil record of the racoon-dog, Nyctereutes Temminck 1838-9, was described by Schlosser in 1903 as Vulpes sinensis based on three ramal fragments obtained from pharmacies in Tianjin and Henan. Schlosser’s "Kiefer A" is a right ramal fragment containing alveoli for incisors, canine and P/1, broken P/2-3 and complete P/4; "Kiefer B" contains the right P/3-4, the anterior alveolus of M/1, and the third ramal fragment contains only the talonid of the left M/1. The inferior border of the ramus that might have indicated the presence or absence of a subangular lobe is broken away. The illustration prepared by Schlosser (plate 1,

关键词： Yushe, Shanxi Pliocene racoon-dogs

Fruit availability, frugivore satiation and seed removal in 2 primate-dispersed tree species

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 178-194页

作者： Sandra RATIARISON Pierre-Michel FORGET Department of Ecology and Management of Biodiversity Museum of Natural History Museum(MNHN)BrunoyFrance and oological Society of London LibrevilleGabon

During a mast-fruiting event we investigated spatial variability in fruit availability,consumption,and seed removal at two sympatric tree species,Manilkara bidentata and ***(Sapotaceae)at Nouragues natural Reserve,French *** addressed the question of how Manilkara density and fruits at the community level might be major causes of variability in feeding assemblages between tree *** thus explored how the frugivore assemblages differed between forest patches with contrasting relative Manilkara density and fruiting *** the daytime,Alouatta seniculus was more often observed in *** crowns at Petit Plateau(PP)with the greatest density of Manilkara *** the lowest fruit diversity and availability,whereas Cebus apella and Saguinus midas were more often observed in *** crowns at both Grand Plateau(GP),with a lowest density of *** and overall greater fruit supply,and ***,nearly 53%and 15%of the *** seed crop at GP and PP,respectively,and about 47%of the *** seed crop were removed,otherwise either spit out or defecated beneath trees,or dropped in ***-bodied primates concentrated fallen seeds beneath parent trees while large-bodied primate species removed and dispersed more seeds away from ***,among the latter,satiated *** wasted seeds under conspecific trees at *** in feeding assemblages,seed removal rates and fates possibly reflected interactions with extra-generic fruit species at the community level,according to feeding choice,habitat preferences and ranging patterns of primate species.

关键词： frugivores masting primates satiation seed dispersal

Shenzhousia qilianshanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Protodonata, Meganeuridae), a giant dragonfly from the Upper Carboniferous of China

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2006年第3期16卷 328-330页

作者： ZHANG Zhijun, HONG Youchong, LU Liwu, FANG Xiaosi and JIN Yuegao (Department of Palaeontology, the Geological museum of China, Beijing 100034, China Beijing museum of natural history, Beijing 100050, China) Department of Palaeontology the Geological museum of China Beijing 100034 China Beijing museum of natural history Beijing 100050 China

A new dragonfly of family Meganeuridae Shenzhousia qilianshanensis gen. et sp. nov., discovered from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in North China, is described in the present paper. It has an estimated wingspan of about 450-500mm and may be the largest fossil insect in Late Carboniferous Namurian Stage discovered by far. The new species is referred to Meganeuridae because of the presence of the characteristic oblique vein between anterior branch of radius (RA) and posterior branch of radius (RP) near the base of RP2. It differs from other genera within the family in the following characteristics: Precostal area short and not extending to the midwing; posterior branch of subcostal vein short, merging into costal vein near the level of originating point of IR2; RP forking earlier than anterior branch of media basally; RP1+2 and RP3+4 parallel and close to each other for a long distance, and then diverge gradually surpass midwing.

关键词： Namurian Meganeuridae Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Upper Carboniferous Tupo Formation.

The palaeobiogeography of South American gomphotheres

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第1期2卷 19-40页

作者： Spencer G.Lucas New Mexico museum of natural history and Science

Gomphotheriid proboscideans reached South America as Late Cenozoic immigrants from North America. However, disagreements over alpha taxonomy, age dating and phylogenetic relationships have produced three competing hypotheses about this immigration: (1) a single gomphothere immigration took place soon after the～3 Ma closure of the Panamanian isthmus; (2) two separate gomphothere immigrations took place after closure of the isthmus; or (3) an earlier, Late Miocene (before 9 Ma) immigration brought gomphotheres into South America. A critical re-evaluation of the alpha taxonomy, age dating and phyloge-netic relationships of Neotropical gomphotheres identifies two valid genera of South American gomphotheres, Cuvieronius and Notiomastodon (="Haplomastodon",="Stegomastodon" from South America) and recognizes "Amahuacatherium" as an invalid genus likely based on a specimen of Notiomastodon. The oldest well-dated South American gomphothere fossil is Marplatan, ～2.5 Ma, from Argentina. The case for an age of "Amahuacatherium" older than 9 Ma is refuted by mammalian biostratigraphy and a re-evaluation of the relevant magne-tostratigraphy. North American Rhynchotherium descended from Gomphotherium during the Late Hemphillian (～5-6 Ma) and gave rise to Cuvieronius in North America by the end of the Blancan (～2 Ma) time. Notiomastodon evolved from Cuvieronius in South America during the Pleistocene. The case for a close relationship between the Neotropical gomphotheres and Sinomastodon from China is rejected. Central America was not a center of endemic gompho-there evolution and merely acted as a pathway for the immigration of gomphotheres from north to south: Gomphotherium into Central America during the Miocene, Cuvieronius to Central America by Early Pleistocene time and on to South America. After closure of the Panamanian isthmus, Cuvieronius immigrated to South America, where it gave rise to Notiomastodon by Middle Pleistocene time. The South American history of gomphotheres

关键词： gomphothere South America Cuvieronius Notiomastodon Haplomasto-don Stegomastodon Amahuacatherium