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An Improved Method for Correction of Air Temperature Measured Using Different Radiation Shields

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第6期31卷 1460-1468页

作者： CHENG Xinghong SU Debin LI Deping CHEN Lu XU Wenjing YANG Meilin LI Yongcheng YUE Zhizhong WANG Zijing Public meteorological Service Center China meteorological Administration Support Center for Atmospheric Observing Technology beijing meteorological bureau beijing observatory station beijing meteorological bureau Daxing District bureau of Meteorology beijing meteorological bureau

The variation of air temperature measurement errors using two different radiation shields （DTR502B Vaisala,Finland,and HYTFZ01,Huayun Tongda Satcom,China） was *** were collected in the field at the Daxing weather station in beijing from June 2011 to May *** air temperature values obtained with these two commonly used radiation shields were lower than the reference records obtained with the new Fiber Reinforced Polymers （FRP） Stevenson *** most cases,the air temperature errors when using the two devices were smaller on overcast and rainy days than on sunny days; and smaller when using the imported rather than the Chinese *** measured errors changed sharply at sunrise and sunset,and reached maxima at *** diurnal variation characteristics were,naturally,related to changes in solar *** relationships between the record errors,global radiation,and wind speed were *** improved correction method was proposed based on the approach described by Nakamura and Mahrt （2005）（NM05）,in which the impact of the solar zenith angle （SZA） on the temperature error is considered and extreme errors due to changes in SZA can be corrected *** errors were reduced significantly after correction by either method for both *** error reduction rate using the improved correction method for the Chinese and imported shields were 3.3％ and 40.4％ higher than those using the NM05 method,respectively.

关键词： radiation shield measurement error impacts of solar zenith angle improved correction method

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Simulation of FY-2D infrared brightness temperature and sensitivity analysis to the errors of WRF simulated cloud variables

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第7期61卷 957-972页

作者： Xiaokang SHI Yaodong LI Jianwen LIU Xizi XIANG Le LIU beijing Aviation meteorological Institute Beijing 100085China Guizhou Sub-bureau of Southwest Air Traffic Management bureau of Civil Aviation of China Guiyang 550002China Guangxi meteorological observatory Nanning 530022China

This study simulated FY-2 D satellite infrared brightness images based on the WRF and RTTOV models. The effects of prediction errors in WRF micro-and macroscale cloud variables on FY-2 D infrared brightness temperature accuracy were analyzed. The principle findings were as follows. In the T+0–48 h simulation time, the root mean square errors of the simulated brightness temperatures were within the range 10–27 K, i.e., better than the range of 20–40 K achieved previously. In the T+0–24 h simulation time, the correlation coefficients between the simulated and measured brightness temperatures for all four channels were >0.5. The simulation performance of water channel IR3 was stable and the best. The four types of cloud microphysical scheme considered all showed that the simulated values of brightness temperature in clouds were too high and that the distributions of cloud systems were incomplete, especially in typhoon areas. The performance of the THOM scheme was considered best, followed in descending order by the WSM6, WDM6, and LIN schemes. Compared with observed values, the maximum deviation appeared in the range 253–273 K for all schemes. On the microscale, the snow water mixing ratio of the THOM scheme was much bigger than that of the other schemes. Improving the production efficiency or increasing the availability of solid water in the cloud microphysical scheme would provide slight benefit for brightness temperature simulations. On the macroscale, the cloud amount obtained by the scheme used in this study was small. Improving the diagnostic scheme for cloud amount, especially high-level cloud, could improve the accuracy of brightness temperature simulations. These results could provide an intuitive reference for forecasters and constitute technical support for the creation of simulated brightness temperature images for the FY-4 satellite.

关键词： FY-2D RTTOV WRF Simulated brightness temperature Cloud amount Cloud microphysics scheme TyphoonMatmo

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Tropospheric NO_2 vertical column densities retrieved from ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements at Shangdianzi regional atmospheric background station in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 186-196页

作者： Siyang Cheng Jianzhong Ma Weiping Cheng Peng Yan Huaigang Zhou Liyan Zhou Peng Yang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Waterborne Transport Research Institute CMA meteorological Observation Centre Shangdianzi Regional Air Background station Beijing Meteorological Bureau meteorological bureau of Shijiazhuang

Ground-basedMulti-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)measurements were performed at Shangdianzi(SDZ)regional atmospheric background station in northern China from March 2009 to February *** tropospheric NO_2vertical column densities(VCDs)were retrieved to investigate the background condition of the beijing–Tianjin–Hebei developed economic circle in *** seasonal variation of mean NO_2tropospheric VCDs(VCD_(Trop))at SDZ is apparent,with the maximum(1.3×10^(16)molec/cm^2)in February and the minimum(3.5×10^(15)molec/cm^2)in August,much lower than those observed at the beijing city *** average daytime diurnal variations of NO_2VCD_(Trop )are rather consistent for all four seasons,presenting the minimum at noon and the higher values in the morning and *** largest and lowest amplitudes of NO_2VCD_(Trop)diurnal variation appear in winter and in summer,*** diurnal pattern at SDZ station is similar to those at other less polluted stations,but distinct from the ones at the urban or polluted *** NO_2VCDs at SDZ are strongly dependent on the wind,with the higher values being associated with the pollution plumes from beijing *** NO_2VCDs derived from ground-based MAX-DOAS at SDZ show to be well correlated with corresponding OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)satellite products with a correlation coefficient R=***,the OMI observations are on average higher than MAX-DOAS NO_2VCDs by a factor of 28%,probably due to the OMI grid cell partly covering the south of SDZ which is influenced more by the pollution plumes from the urban areas.

关键词： Ground-basedMAX-DOAS Tropospheric NO2 Satellite validation Pollution plume Regional atmospheric background station

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Microphysical characteristics of precipitating cumulus cloud based on airborne Ka-band cloud radar and droplet measurements

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第2期15卷 65-70页

作者： Lei Wei Mengyu Huang Rong Zhang Yuhuan Lü Tuanjie Hou Hengchi Lei Delong Zhao Wei Zhou Yuan Fu beijing Weather Modification Center BeijingChina Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China meteorological Administration BeijingChina Wuqing meteorological observatory of Tianjin TianjinChina Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Zhejiang meteorological observatory HangzhouChina beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud Precipitation and Atmospheric Water ResourcesBeijingChina beijing meteorological bureau BeijingChina

Based on cloud-probe data and airborne Ka-band cloud radar data collected in Baoding on 5 August 2018,the microphysical structural characteristics of cumulus(Cu)cloud at the precipitation stage were *** cloud droplets in the Cu cloud were found to be significantly larger than those in stratiform(STF)*** the Cu cloud,most cloud particles were between 7 and 10μm in diameter,while in the STF cloud the majority of cloud particles grew no larger than 2μ*** sensitivity of cloud properties to aerosols varied with *** cloud droplet effective radius showed a negative relationship with the aerosol number concentration(Na)in the cloud planetary boundary layer(PBL)and upper layer above the ***,the cloud droplet concentration(Nc)varied little with decreased Na in the high liquid water content region above 1500 *** Na values of between 300 and 1853 cm-3 were found in the PBL,and the maximum Na was sampled near the surface in August in the Hebei region,which was lower than that in autumn and *** radar reflectivity corresponded to large FCDP(fast cloud droplet probe)particle concentrations and small aerosol particle concentrations,and vice versa for low radar *** updrafts in the Cu cloud increased the peak radius and Nc,and broadened cloud droplet spectrum;lower air temperature was favorable for particle condensational growth and produced larger droplets.

关键词： Airplane observation Microphysical processes Ka-band cloud radar Cumulus

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The Tibetan Plateau Surface–Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment

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Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第3期33卷 375-399页

作者： Ping ZHAO Yueqing LI Xueliang GUO Xiangde XU Yimin LIU Shihao TANG Wenming XIAO Chunxiang SHI Yaoming MA Xing YU Huizhi LIU La JIA Yun CHEN Yanju LIU Jian LI Dabiao LUO Yunchang CAO Xiangdong ZHENG Junming CHEN An XIAO Fang YUAN Donghui CHEN Yang PANG Zhiqun HU Shengjun ZHANG Lixin DONG Juyang HU Shuai HAN Xiuji ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Jiangxi meteorological observatory Nanchang 330096 Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorology of the China meteorological Administration Chengdu 610072 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 National Satellite meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 National meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province Xi'an 710014 meteorological observatory of Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa 850000 National meteorological Centery China meteorological Administration Beijing 100081

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is a key area affecting forecasts of weather and climate in China and occurrences of extreme weather and climate events over the world. The China meteorological Administration, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly initiated the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ) in 2013, with an 8–10-yr implementation plan. Since its preliminary field measurements conducted in 2013, routine automatic sounding systems have been deployed at Shiquanhe, Gaize, and Shenzha stations in western TP, where no routine sounding observations were available previously. The observational networks for soil temperature and soil moisture in the central and western TP have also been established. Meanwhile, the plateau-scale and regional-scale boundary layer observations, cloud–precipitation microphysical observations with multiple radars and aircraft campaigns, and tropospheric–stratospheric air composition observations at multiple sites, were performed. The results so far show that the turbulent heat exchange coefficient and sensible heat flux are remarkably lower than the earlier estimations at grassland, meadow, and bare soil surfaces of the central and western TP. Climatologically, cumulus clouds over the main body of the TP might develop locally instead of originating from the cumulus clouds that propagate northward from South Asia. The TIPEX-Ⅲ observations up to now also reveal diurnal variations, macro-and microphysical characteristics, and water-phase transition mechanisms, of cumulus clouds at Naqu station. Moreover, TIPEX-Ⅲ related studies have proposed a maintenance mechanism responsible for the Asian "atmospheric water tower" and demonstrated the effects of the TP heating anomalies on African, Asian, and North American climates. Additionally, numerical modeling studies show that the Γ distribution of raindrop size is more suitable for depicting the TP raindrop characteristics compar

关键词： Tibetan Plateau field observation data processing weather and climate numerical forecasting

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CORRECTION METHODS FOR THERMAL OFFSET ERRORS IN TBQ-2-B PYRANOMETERS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2014年第4期20卷 376-385页

作者：程兴宏丁蕾杨云白素莲周怀刚彭继达权继梅宋建洋 Public meteorological Service Center China Meteorological Administration meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration Huatron Weixiang Technologies Inc Shangdianzi Regional Atmospheric Background station Beijing Meteorological Bureau meteorological Institute of Fujian

Due to the existence of thermal offsets,global solar irradiances measured by pyranometers are smaller than actual values,and errors are larger in the *** now,there is no universally-recognized correction method for thermal offset ***,it is imperative to identify a convenient and effective correction *** correction methods were evaluated based on the data measured from a field experiment from 23 January to 15 November,*** have shown:1) Temporal variation characteristics of thermal offsets in the four tested pyranometers are consistent.2) Among the five methods,non-dimensional quantity method is suggested for use to correct thermal offsets,because it is convenient and no modification of instruments is *** collocated net longwave radiation and wind speed data are available and their uncertainties are small,the historical solar radiation datasets can also be *** correction effects by the method are better.

关键词： pyranometer TBQ-2-B thermal offsets solar radiation non-dimensional quantity method

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Bias Analysis and Correction of Ground Surface Temperature Observations across China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第6期34卷 1324-1334页

作者： Yan CUI Wenhui XU Zijiang ZHOU Chunyu ZHAO Yihui DING Xue AO Xiaoyu ZHOU Shenyang Regional Climate Center Liaoning Meteorological BureauShenyang 110166 National meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Based on the ground surface temperature(GST)and snow surface temperature(SST)measurements during the period of adjustment from manual to automatic observation systems in China,the influence of observation methods on GST and its relationship with snow cover is *** is corrected by SST,and the correction effect is *** results show that,during the parallel observation period,the winter GSTs from automatic observations are generally higher than those from manual observations,with the automatically observed national daily GST 1.18°C *** adjustment has a greater impact on GSTs at 0200,0800,and 2000 beijing Time(BT)than at 1400 BT,and it has the greatest impact in Northeast and Northwest China,with deviations of 5.24 and 2.09°C,*** GST deviation is closely related to the snow depth and annual snow *** average daily GST deviation increases at the rate of 0.66°C per 1-cm increase of snow depth when it isstation is affected by its winter snow totals in Northeast and Northwest China,where the largest deviations are found where snow totals are all above 1000 *** the correction with SST,the mean deviation between the automatic and manual observations as well as the false trend can be effectively *** the correction,the mean deviation of daily GST decreases by 5.8°C,and its trend decreases from 1.87 to 0.65°C decade-1.

关键词： ground surface temperature(GST)in winter snow cover correction China

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ANALYSIS OF meteorological CONDITIONS FOR THE BASE OF MARINE SPORTS IN THE 26TH SUMMER UNIVERSIADE IN SHENZHEN IN 2011

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2011年第2期17卷 187-192页

作者：王明洁张小丽李兴荣 Shenzhen National Climate observatory Shenzhen meteorological bureau

Based on the real-time wind direction and speed data from an automatic meteorological monitoring network in Shenzhen, the wind characteristics of Jue Diao Sha maritime area are analyzed. As indicated in the results, the wind speed of this area is higher than that over the land, the average wind speed is above 3 m/s and the probability for the maximum wind speed to drop below 20 m/s is above 90%. Moreover, the probability for the hourly swing angle of wind direction to become less than 50o is above 80%, suggesting that the wind conditions in the Jue Diao Sha area could meet the requirements of the sporting events. According to the numerical simulation, this area is the best selected site among three candidates. Furthermore, the characteristics of daily land and sea breezes are such that it is suggested the game will be best carried out from 1000 to 1700 beijing Standard Time.

关键词： meteorological condition numerical simulation statistics analysis selection of marine sporting sites Summer Universiade

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Major Scientific Achievements of the First China–Japan Cooperative GAME/HUBEX Experiment: A Historical Review

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 659-674页

作者： Yihui DING Wen HU Yong HUANG Fengjiao CHEN National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Satellite Remote Sensing of Anhui Province Anhui Meteorological BureauHefei 230031 Shouxian National Climatology observatory Huaihe River Basin Typical Agro-Ecosystems Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological AdministrationShouxian 232200

In the summers of 1998 and 1999, Chinese and Japanese scientists cooperatively conducted the first large-scale energy and water cycle experiment(WCRP/GEWEX/GAME/HUBEX: World Climate Research Program/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment/Asian Monsoon Experiment/Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) in the Huaihe River basin, Anhui Province of China. The main objective of this field experiment(HUBEX)was to investigate the multiple-scale structure characteristics, life cycles, and genesis and development mechanisms of the Meiyu system in East Asia as well as the cause of related flooding disasters. It was a joint China-Japan cooperative meteorological and hydrological observation experiment. On the basis of intensive observations, scientists from the two countries conducted follow-up investigations through collating and compiling data and performing scientific analysis during the following five years. It can be concluded that the HUBEX project has yielded comprehensive and remarkable achievements. This paper introduces the major scientific results derived from this field experiment and the ensuing investigations, and reassesses their merits and shortages for the purpose of providing useful experience and proposing new research targets as well as prospects for the initiation of a new joint scientific Meiyu experiment in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin.

关键词： Meiyu Huaihe River basin energy and water cycle meteorological and hydrological observations Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(HUBEX)/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX)/Asian Monsoon Experiment(GAME)

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Response to climate warming of winter wheat varieties bred across different eras in the North China Plain

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 3855-3867页

作者： Zhaoyang JIANG Shibo FANG Dong WU Xin LIU Huarong ZHAO Jie GUO Xinru ZHANG Yongchao ZHU Xuan LI Yingjie WU Dingrong WU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Raoyang National Climate observatory Hengshui 053900China meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China meteorological Data Center Shandong Meteorological BureauJinan 250031China

By the 2000s,the winter wheat regions in the North China Plain had undergone six major variety *** is crucial to know how the winter wheat varieties bred across different eras respond to climate change,especially climate *** 2017 to 2022,we conducted a two-factor,two-level field experiment at Gucheng and Raoyang,with a temperature difference of 1℃existing between the two *** experiment used ten winter wheat varieties bred from the 1960s to the 2000s and included both fertilization and no fertilization *** experiment aimed to separate the effects of warming and fertilization on the growth and development of the winter wheat varieties,thereby revealing the differences in their responses to *** the winter wheat varieties across different eras had higher yields in warmer *** separating the effects of warming and fertilization,the rate of yield increase decreased with the breeding eras of varieties due to the impact of warming ***,it still increased with the eras due to the combined effects of warming and *** varieties from the 1980s and 2000s,there is a strong correlation between higher fertility and warmer climate *** has a yield gain effect,significantly amplifying the yield increase under fertilization for the middle and late ***,the average yield increase for varieties from the 2000s reached 67%in warmer *** has increased the average daily minimum temperature during the winter wheat growing *** has significantly reduced the number of days below zero degrees Celsius,shortening the overwintering stage and thereby shortening the growth period of winter ***,the effective developmental days(>0℃days)maintained a consistent *** promotes the development of large tillers,increases leaf area and dry matter accumulation,and reduces the ratio of sterile *** varieties from the 2000s had the lowest ratio of sterile spi

关键词： Climate warming Winter wheat varieties Breeding Fertilization Response

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