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Simulation of Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northern China：Lightning Activities and Storm Structure

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第1期33卷 85-100页

作者： Wanli LI Xiushu QIE Shenming FU Debin SU Yonghai SHEN Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China meteorological Administration Training center Beijing 100081 International center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 meteorological observation center of beijing meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089

Two intense quasi-linear mesoscale convective systems（QLMCSs） in northern China were simulated using the WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting） model and the 3D-Var（three-dimensional variational） analysis system of the ARPS（Advanced Regional Prediction System） model.A new method in which the lightning density is calculated using both the precipitation and non-precipitation ice mass was developed to reveal the relationship between the lightning activities and QLMCS *** indicate that,compared with calculating the results using two previous methods,the lightning density calculated using the new method presented in this study is in better accordance with *** on the calculated lightning densities using the new method,it was found that most lightning activity was initiated on the right side and at the front of the QLMCSs,where the surface wind field converged *** CAPE was much stronger ahead of the southeastward progressing QLMCS than to the back it,and their lightning events mainly occurred in regions with a large gradient of *** between lightning and non-lightning regions indicated that lightning regions featured more intense ascending motion than non-lightning regions;the vertical ranges of maximum reflectivity between lightning and non-lightning regions were very different;and the ice mixing ratio featured no significant differences between the lightning and non-lightning regions.

关键词： quasi-linear mesoscale convective system Weather Research and Forecasting model Advanced Regional Prediction System model precipitation and non-precipitation ice

Estimate of Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions for 2012–16 in the Yangtze River Delta, China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第6期37卷 576-585页

作者： Jingjiao PU Honghui XU Bo YAO Yan YU Yujun JIANG Qianli MA Liqu CHEN Zhejiang meteorological Science Institute Hangzhou 310008China meteorological observation center of China meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China Zhejiang Lin'an Atmospheric Background National observation and Research Station Hangzhou 311307China

Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)have been widely used in China as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances,the production and use of which are being phased out under the Montreal *** is a major consumer of HFCs around the world,with its HFC emissions in CO2-equivalent contributing to about 18%of the global emissions for the *** methods are widely used to estimate the emissions of HFCs-namely,the bottom-up method,top-down method and tracer ratio *** this study,the tracer ratio method was adopted to estimate HFC emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),using CO as a *** YRD region might make a significant contribution to Chinese totals owing to its rapid economic *** flask measurements for ten HFCs(HFC-23,HFC-32,HFC-125,HFC-134 a,HFC-143 a,HFC-152 a,HFC-227 ea,HFC-236 fa,HFC-245 fa and HFC-365 mfc)were conducted at Lin’an Regional Background Station in the YRD over the period 2012-16,and the HFC emissions were 2.4±1.4 Gg yr-1 for HFC-23,2.8±1.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-32,2.2±1.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-125,4.8±4.8 Gg yr-1 for HFC-134 a,0.9±0.6 Gg yr-1 for HFC-152 a,0.3±0.3 Gg yr-1 for HFC-227 ea and 0.3±0.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-245 *** YRD total HFC emissions reached 53 Gg CO2-e yr-1,contributing 34%of the national *** per capita HFC CO2-equivalent emissions rate was 240 kg yr-1,while the values of per unit area emissions and per million GDP emissions reached 150 Mg km-2yr-1 and 3500 kg yr-1(million CNY GDP)-1,which were much higher than national or global levels.

关键词： Yangtze Delta emissions

Relative Contributions of Boundary-Layer meteorological Factors to the Explosive Growth of PM2.5 during the Red-Alert Heavy Pollution Episodes in beijing in December 2016

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Journal of meteorological Research 2017年第5期31卷 809-819页

作者： junting zhong xiaoye zhang yaqiang wang junying sun yangmei zhang jizhi wang kaiyan tan xiaojing shen haochi che lu zhang zhouxiang zhang xuefei qi huarong zhao sanxue ren yang li state key laboratory of severe weather/key laboratory of atmospheric chemistry of china meteorological administration chinese academy of meteorological sciencesBeijing 100081 center for excellence in regional atmospheric environment institute of urban environmentchinese academy of sciencesBeijing 100081 integrated ecologica–meteorological observation and experimental station chinese academy of meteorological sciencesXiamen 361021 center for atmosphere watch and service meteorological observation centerchina meteorological administrationBeijing 100081

Based on observations of urban mass concentration of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter （PM2.5）, ground meteorological data, vertical measurements of winds, temperature, and relative humidity （RH）, and ECMWF reanalysis data, the major changes in the vertical structures of meteorological factors in the boundary layer （BL） during the heavy aerosol pollution episodes （HPEs） that occurred in winter 2016 in the urban beijing area were analyzed. The HPEs are divided into two stages： the transport of pollutants under prevailing southerly winds, known as the transport stage （TS）, and the PM2.5 explosive growth and pollution accumulation period characterized by a temperature inversion with low winds and high RH in the lower BL, known as the cumulative stage （CS）. During the TS, a surface high lies south of beijing, and pollutants are transported northwards. During the CS, a stable BL forms and is characterized by weak winds, temperature inversion, and moisture accumulation. Stable atmospheric stratifica- tion featured with light/calm winds and accumulated moisture （RH 〉 80%） below 250 m at the beginning of the CS is closely associated with the inversion, which is strengthened by the considerable decrease in near-surface air temperat- ure due to the interaction between aerosols and radiation after the aerosol pollution occurs. A significant increase in the PLAM （Parameter Linking Aerosol Pollution and meteorological Elements） index is found, which is linearly re- lated to PM mass change. During the first 10 h of the CS, the more stable BL contributes approximately 84% of the explosive growth of PM2.5 mass. Additional accumulated near-surface moisture caused by the ground temperature de- crease, weak turbulent diffusion, low BL height, and inhibited vertical mixing of water vapor is conducive to the sec- ondary aerosol formation through chemical reactions, including liquid phase and heterogeneous reactions, which fur- ther increases the PM2.5 concentration

关键词： explosive growth of PM2.5 pollutant transport anomalous temperature inversion moisture accumula-tion light or calm winds

Long-term variations of major atmospheric compositions observed at the background stations in three key areas of China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 370-380页

作者： ZHANG Yong JIN Jun-Li YAN Peng TANG Jie FANG Shuang-Xi LIN Wei-Li LOU Meng-Yun LIANG Miao ZHOU Qing JING Jun-Shan LI Ya-Nan JIA Xiao-Fang LYU Shan-Shan meteorological observation center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310014China Minzu University of China Beijing100081China

Atmospheric compositions and acid rain are closely related to atmospheric environment,weather,and climate *** this study,the concentration levels and long-term trends of CO_(2),CH_(4),O_(3),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and acid rain were presented at the *** global baseline station in Qinghai,Shangdianzi and Lin'an regional background stations in the North China Plain(NCP)and the Yangtze River Delta region(YRD)of China based on the data observed until *** increasing trends of CO_(2) were found at all of these *** ***,the concentration levels and growth rate were consistent with the average values in the Northern Hemisphere(NH)and those observed at the Mauna Loa station in *** CH_(4) also showed a upward tendency similar to that observed in *** with the observations at *** global baseline station,the CO_(2) and CH_(4) mole fractions were higher at Shangdianzi and Lin'an regional background stations,indicating the important contributions of anthropogenic activities to the regional background level of CO_(2) and CH_(4).The annual averaged surface ozone showed increasing trends at *** and Shangdianzi stations,whereas no clear trend was found at Lin'an *** variations in the patterns of aerosol concentrations at Shangdianzi and Lin'an were found according to the PM_(2.5) or PM_(10) ***,the aerosol concentrations at both stations shown declining trends since the ***,two periods of high particle concentrations occurred in 2006-2007 and *** annual mean aerosol concentrations have continuously decreased after 2013-2014,indicating the effectiveness of pollution control in the NCP and YRD,especially since the implementation of the‘Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution’in September *** analysis of aerosol with acid rain showed that the period with high concentrations of aerosols in the early years was consistent with that of severe

关键词： Atmospheric compositions Background observations Long-term variation Trend Coordinated control of PM and ozone China

CORRECTION METHODS FOR THERMAL OFFSET ERRORS IN TBQ-2-B PYRANOMETERS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2014年第4期20卷 376-385页

作者：程兴宏丁蕾杨云白素莲周怀刚彭继达权继梅宋建洋 Public meteorological Service center China Meteorological Administration meteorological observation center China Meteorological Administration Huatron Weixiang Technologies Inc Shangdianzi Regional Atmospheric Background Station Beijing Meteorological Bureau meteorological Institute of Fujian

Due to the existence of thermal offsets,global solar irradiances measured by pyranometers are smaller than actual values,and errors are larger in the *** now,there is no universally-recognized correction method for thermal offset ***,it is imperative to identify a convenient and effective correction *** correction methods were evaluated based on the data measured from a field experiment from 23 January to 15 November,*** have shown:1) Temporal variation characteristics of thermal offsets in the four tested pyranometers are consistent.2) Among the five methods,non-dimensional quantity method is suggested for use to correct thermal offsets,because it is convenient and no modification of instruments is *** collocated net longwave radiation and wind speed data are available and their uncertainties are small,the historical solar radiation datasets can also be *** correction effects by the method are better.

关键词： pyranometer TBQ-2-B thermal offsets solar radiation non-dimensional quantity method

Validation of the Modified Becker's Split-Window Approach for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from AVHRR

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Journal of meteorological Research 2015年第5期29卷 823-836页

作者：权维俊陈洪滨韩秀珍马志强 Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Meteorology Forecast center of beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Beijing Meteorological Bureau National Satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration

To further verify the modified Becker＇s split-window approach for retrieving land surface temperature （LST） from long-term Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） data, a cross-validation and a radiance-based （R-based） validation are performed and examined in this paper. In the cross-validation, 3481 LST data pairs are extracted from the AVttRR LST product retrieved with the modified Becker＇s approach and compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） LST product （MYDllA1） for the period 2002-2008, relative to the positions of 548 weather stations in China. The results show that in most cases, the AVHRR LST values are higher than the MYDllA1. When the AVHRR LSTs are adjusted with a linear regression, the values are close to the MYDllA1, showing a good linear relationship between the two datasets （R2 = 0.91）. In the R-based validation, comparison is made between AVHRR LST retrieved from the modified Becker＇s approach and the inversed LST from the Moderate Resolution Transmittance Model （MODTRAN） consolidated with observed temperature and humidity profiles at four radiosonde stations. The results show that the retrieved AVHRR LST deviates from the MODTRAN inversed LST by -1.3 （-2.5） K when the total water vapor amount is less （larger） than 20 mm. This provides useful hints for further improvement of the LST retrieval algorithms＇ accuracy and consistency.

关键词： LST split-window approach MODTRAN AVHRR validation

Multiple time scale evaluation of the energy balance during the maize growing season,and a new reason for energy imbalance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第1期52卷 108-117页

作者： GUO JianXia1,2,BIAN LinGen3 & DAI YongJiu2 1 meteorological observation center of China meteorological Administration,beijing 100081,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,beijing Normal University,beijing 100875,China 3 Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences,beijing 100081,China meteorological observation center of China meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Energy imbalance is a common problem associated with the measurement of surface energy using the eddy covariance *** the evaluation of the energy balance,people usually pay more attention to the statistical result that the effective energy(the sum of sensible and latent heat) is systematically lower than the available energy(the difference of net radiation and ground heat flux).However,little attention has been paid to the existence of the reversed situation when the effective energy is larger than the available energy or their contribution to the overall energy closure *** this paper,based on the analysis of the energy balance on multiple time scales across the maize growth season,we conclude that the non-synchronization of energy components is the main reason for the existence of the reversed *** shifting the phase of the effective energy components half an hour ahead,the rates of energy closure over all time scales are improved and dramatically reduce the number of the half-hourly samples when the energy ratio exceeds 1 or is below *** to the characteristics of the energy distribution and transformation over multiple time scales,latent heat is always the main type of energy cost,and the residual of the energy balance increases with the growth of the maize plant surpassing the sensible heat for seventy *** is suggested that the heat storage and photosynthetic energy play an important role in the energy balance during the growing period of maize.

关键词： maize energy balance multiple time scale energy hysteresis

Quality Assessment of FY-4A Lightning Data in Inland China

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2020年第3期26卷 286-299页

作者： LIU Rui-xia LU Qi-feng CHEN Min ZHANG Yong HUI Wen LI Xiao-qing Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellite National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 China meteorological observation center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China

The Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)equipped on the FY-4 A(Feng Yun-4 A)geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution,high stability,and continuous *** this study,FY-4 A LMI lightning event,group and flash data from April to August 2018 are selected,and their quality are assessed through qualitative and quantitative comparison with the ground-based Advanced Time of Arrival and Direction system(ADTD)lightning observation network data and the American International Space Station(ISS)lightning imaging sensor(LIS)*** results show that the spatial distributions of FY-4 A lightning are consistent with those of the ground-based ADTD and ISS *** temporal variation in FY-4 A lightning group frequency is consistent with that of ADTD stroke,which reflects that FY-4 A LMI can capture the lightning occurrence in inland *** statistics show that the consistency rate of FY-4 A LMI and ISS LIS events is relatively high but their consistency rate is lower in terms of lightning group and flash *** with the lightning observations by the ISS LIS and the ground-based ADTD,FY-4 A LMI reports fewer lightning events in the Tibetan *** application of Tibetan Plateau lightning data requires further processing and consideration.

关键词： FY-4A lightning data quality assessment inland China ADTD ISS LIS

Comparison and Verification of Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar and Radiosonde Data in the beijing Urban Area

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2203-2214页

作者： Zexu LUO Xiaoquan SONG Jiaping YIN Zhichao BU Yubao CHEN Yongtao YU Zhenlu ZHANG College of Marine Technology Faculty of Information Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Qingdao Leice Transient Technology Co.LTD Qingdao 266100China CMA meteorological observation Centre Beijing 100081China beijing municipal meteorological observation center Beijing 102600China Qingdao meteorological Comprehensive Support center Qingdao 266003China

As a new type of wind field detection equipment, coherent Doppler wind lidar(CDWL) still needs more relevant observation experiments to compare and verify whether it can achieve the accuracy and precision of traditional observation equipment in urban areas. In this experiment, a self-developed CDWL provided four months of observations in the southern beijing area. After the data acquisition time and height match, the wind profile data obtained based on a Doppler beam swinging(DBS) five-beam inversion algorithm were compared with radiosonde data released from the same location. The standard deviation(SD) of wind speed is 0.8 m s^(–1), and the coefficient of determination R~2 is 0.95. The SD of the wind direction is 17.7° with an R~2 of 0.96. Below the height of the roughness sublayer(about 400 m), the error in wind speed and wind direction is significantly greater than the error above the height of the boundary layer(about 1500 m). For the case of wind speeds less than 4 m s^(–1), the error of wind direction is more significant and is affected by the distribution of surrounding buildings. Averaging at different height levels using suitable time windows can effectively reduce the effects of turbulence and thus reduce the error caused by the different measurement methods of the two devices.

关键词： coherent Doppler wind lidar radiosonde wind measurement urban boundary layer