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Intelligent ion gels: Design, performance, and applications

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SmartMat 2024年第1期5卷 38-58页

作者： Naiwei Gao Caofeng Pan beijing key laboratory of micro‐nano energy and sensor CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nano SensorsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina School of nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Intelligent ion gels,which possess highly tunable mechanical,electrical,and stimulus‐responsive properties,have emerged as powerful candidates in the field of artificial intelligence,telemedicine,and health monitoring.To enrich the functionality of ion gels,it is critical to explore the link between the structure and function of ion gels.In this review,we provide an overview of the synthesis path and functional derivatives of ion gels.The conformational relationships of ion gels have been discussed,such as the effect of structure on electrical conductivity as well as sensing properties.From the perspective of stimulus response,the role of ion gels in areas such as bionic haptics,neural devices,artificial muscles,and intelligent displays has also been explored.It is possible that smart ion gels will open up a new horizon in the upcoming smart era,especially after the current challenges are resolved.

关键词： chemical structure intelligent electronics ion gels stimulus‐responsive

A near-zero quiescent power breeze wake-up anemometer based on a rolling-bearing triboelectric nanogenerator

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microsystems & nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 241-249页

作者： Xianpeng Fu Zhichao Jiang Jie Cao Zefang Dong Guoxu Liu Meiling Zhu Chi Zhang CAS Center for Excellence in nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101400China School of nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Center on nanoenergy Research Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationSchool of Physical Science&TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical ScienceUniversity of ExeterExeterEX44QFUK

Wind sensors have always played an irreplaceable role in environmental information monitoring and are expected to operate with lower power consumption to extend service lifetime.Here,we propose a breeze wake-up anemometer(B-WA)based on a rolling-bearing triboelectric nanogenerator(RB-TENG)with extremely low static power.The B-WA consists of two RB-TENGs,a self-waking-up module(SWM),a signal processing module(SPM),and a wireless transmission unit.The two RB-TENGs are employed for system activation and wind-speed sensing.Once the ambient wind-speed exceeds 2 m/s,the wake TENG(W-TENG)and the SWM can wake up the system within 0.96 s.At the same time,the SPM starts to calculate the signal frequency from the measured TENG(M-TENG)to monitor the wind speed with a sensitivity of 9.45 Hz/(m/s).After the wind stops,the SWM can switch off the B-WA within 0.52 s to decrease the system energy loss.In quiescent on-duty mode,the operating power of the B-WA is less than 30 nW,which can greatly extend the service lifetime of the B-WA.By integrating triboelectric devices and rolling bearings,this work has realized an ultralow quiescent power and self-waked-up wireless wind-speed monitoring system,which has foreseeable applications in remote weather monitoring,IoT nodes,and so on.

关键词： generator power service

A toroidal SAW gyroscope with focused IDTs for sensitivity enhancement

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microsystems & nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 47-56页

作者： Lu Tian Haitao Zhao Qiang Shen Honglong Chang Ministry of Education key laboratory of micro and nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China

A surface acoustic wave(SAW)gyroscope measures the rate of rotational angular velocity by exploiting a phenomenon known as the SAW gyroscope effect.Such a gyroscope is a great candidate for application in harsh environments because of the simplification of the suspension vibration mechanism necessary for traditional microelectromechanical system(MEMS)gyroscopes.Here,for the first time,we propose a novel toroidal standing-wave-mode SAW gyroscope using focused interdigitated transducers(FIDTs).Unlike traditional SAW gyroscopes that use linear IDTs to generate surface acoustic waves,which cause beam deflection and result in energy dissipation,this study uses FIDTs to concentrate the SAW energy based on structural features,resulting in better focusing performance and increased SAW amplitude.The experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the structure is 1.51µV/(°/s),and the bias instability is 0.77°/s,which are improved by an order of magnitude compared to those of a traditional SAW gyroscope.Thus,the FIDT component can enhance the performance of the SAW gyroscope,demonstrating its superiority for angular velocity measurements.This work provides new insights into improving the sensitivity and performance of SAW gyroscopes.

关键词： angular deflection gyroscope

Sulfur vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces promote high performance sodium storage of bimetallic chalcogenide hollow nanospheres

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 596-610页

作者： Shiyue Cao Xiaoting Xu Qiming Liu Huijuan Zhu Ting Hu key laboratory of Artificial micro-and nano-structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University

Transition metal sulfides have high theoretical capacities and are considered as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.However,due to low inherent conductivity and significant volume expansion,the electrochemical performance is greatly limited.In this study,a nickel/manganese sulfide material(Ni0.96Sx/MnSy-NC) with adjustable sulfur vacancies and heterogeneous hollow spheres was prepared using a simple method.The introduction of a concentration-adjustable sulfur vacancy enables the generation of a heterogeneous interface between bimetallic sulfide and sulfur vacancies.This interface collectively creates an internal electric field,improving the mobility of electrons and ions,increasing the number of electrochemically active sites,and further optimizing the performance of Na+storage.The direction of electron flow is confirmed by Density functional theory（DFT） calculations.The hollow nano-spherical material provides a buffer for expansion,facilitating rapid transfer kinetics.Our innovative discovery involves the interaction between the ether-based electrolyte and copper foil,leading to the formation of Cu9S5,which grafts the active material and copper current collector,reinforcing mechanical supporting.This results in a new heterostructure of Cu9S5with Ni0.96Sx/MnSy,contributing to the stabilization of structural integrity for long-cycle performance.Therefore,Ni0.96Sx/MnSy-NC exhibits excellent electrochemical properties following our modification route.Regarding stability performance,Ni0.96Sx/MnSy-NC demonstrates an average decay rate of 0.00944% after 10,000 cycles at an extremely high current density of 10000 mA g-1,A full cell with a high capacity of 304.2 mA h g-1was also successfully assembled by using Na3V2（PO4）3/C as the cathode.This study explores a novel strategy for interface/vacancy co-modification in the fabrication of high-performance sodium-ion batteries electrode.

关键词： Heterogeneous interface Interactions Sodium ion batteries Sulfur vacancies

Phonon transport properties of Janus Pb_(2)XAs(X=P,Sb,and Bi)monolayers:A DFT study

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 71-76页

作者：耿嘉鑫张培汤准韵欧阳滔 School of Physics and Optoelectronics and Hunan key laboratory for micro-nano energy Materials and Device Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China Hunan Provincial key laboratory of Intelligent sensors and Advanced sensor Materials School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China

Grasping the underlying mechanisms behind the low lattice thermal conductivity of materials is essential for the efficient design and development of high-performance thermoelectric materials and thermal barrier coating materials.In this paper,we present a first-principles calculations of the phonon transport properties of Janus Pb_(2)PAs and Pb_(2)SbAs monolayers.Both materials possess low lattice thermal conductivity,at least two orders of magnitude lower than graphene and h-BN.The room temperature thermal conductivity of Pb_(2)SbAs(0.91 W/m K)is only a quarter of that of Pb_(2)PAs(3.88 W/m K).We analyze in depth the bonding,lattice dynamics,and phonon mode level information of these materials.Ultimately,it is determined that the synergistic effect of low group velocity due to weak bonding and strong phonon anharmonicity is the fundamental cause of the intrinsic low thermal conductivity in these Janus structures.Relative regular residual analysis further indicates that the four-phonon processes are limited in Pb_(2)PAs and Pb_(2)SbAs,and the three-phonon scattering is sufficient to describe their anharmonicity.In this study,the thermal transport properties of Janus Pb_(2)PAs and Pb_(2)SbAs monolayers are illuminated based on fundamental physical mechanisms,and the low lattice thermal conductivity endows them with the potential applications in the field of thermal barriers and thermoelectrics.

关键词： lattice thermal conductivity weak bonding phonon anharmonicity first principles calculations

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High precision patternable liquid metal based conductor and adhesive substrate enabled stretchable hybrid systems

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nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5595-5603页

作者： Runhui Zhou Jiaoya Huang Zemin Li Yushu Wang Ziyu Chen Caofeng Pan CAS Center for Excellence in nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China School of nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center on nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Institute of Atomic Manufacturing Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Stretchable hybrid systems have been attracting tremendous attention for their essential role in soft robotics,on-skin electronics,and implantable devices.Both rigid and soft functional modules are typically required in those devices.Consequently,ensuring stable electrical contact between rigid and soft modules is a vital part.Here,we propose a simple,universal,and scalable strategy for the stretchable hybrid system through a highly precise printable liquid metal particle-based conductor and adhesive fluorine rubber substrate.The properties of liquid metal particle-based conductors could be easily tuned to realize high-precision patterning,large-scale printing,and the ability to print on various substrates.Additionally,the fluorine rubber substrate could form strong interfacial adhesion with various components and materials through simply pressing and heating,hence enabling stable electrical contact.Furthermore,we prepared a stretchable hybrid light-emitting diode(LED)display system and employed it in on-skin visualization of pressure levels,which perfectly combined rigid and soft modules,thus demonstrating the promising potential applications in complex multifunctional stretchable hybrid systems for emerging technologies.

关键词： stretchable hybrid systems liquid metal high precision interfacial adhesion

The dynamic surface evolution of halide perovskites induced by external energy stimulation

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 185-194页

作者： Feiyu Cheng Pengdong Wang Chenzhe Xu Qingliang Liao Suicai Zhang Haochun Sun Wenqiang Fan Guodong Liu Zhiyun Li Yaping Kong Li Wang Fangsen Li Zhuo Kang Yue Zhang Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing beijing key laboratory for Advanced energy Materials and Technologies Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore ChipsMinistry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Vacuum Interconnected nanotech Workstation(nano-X) Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences beijing National laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tracking the dynamic surface evolution of metal halide perovskite is crucial for understanding the corresponding fundamental principles of photoelectric properties and intrinsic instability. However, due to the volatility elements and soft lattice nature of perovskites, several important dynamic behaviors remain unclear. Here, an ultra-high vacuum（UHV） interconnection system integrated by surface-sensitive probing techniques has been developed to investigate the freshly cleaved surface of CH3NH3PbBr3in situ under given energy stimulation. On this basis, the detailed three-step chemical decomposition pathway of perovskites has been clarified. Meanwhile, the evolution of crystal structure from cubic phase to tetragonal phase on the perovskite surface has been revealed under energy stimulation. Accompanied by chemical composition and crystal structure evolution, electronic structure changes including energy level position,hole effective mass, and Rashba splitting have also been accurately determined. These findings provide a clear perspective on the physical origin of optoelectronic properties and the decomposition mechanism of perovskites.

关键词： metal halide perovskite external energy stimulation surface dynamic evolution surface electronic structure ultra-high vacuum interconnection system

Effect of Y element on atomic structure, glass forming ability,and magnetic properties of FeBC alloy

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 440-446页

作者：肖晋桦丁大伟李琳孙奕韬李茂枝汪卫华 State key laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Physics and beijing key laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials&micro-nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

The atomic structure of amorphous alloys plays a crucial role in determining both their glass-forming ability and magnetic properties. In this study, we investigate the influence of adding the Y element on the glass-forming ability and magnetic properties of Fe_(86-x)Y_xB_7C_7(x = 0, 5, 10 at.%) amorphous alloys via both experiments and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we explore the correlation between local atomic structures and properties. Our results demonstrate that an increased Y content in the alloys leads to a higher proportion of icosahedral clusters, which can potentially enhance both glass-forming ability and thermal stability. These findings have been experimentally validated. The analysis of the electron energy density and magnetic moment of the alloy reveals that the addition of Y leads to hybridization between Y-4d and Fe-3d orbitals, resulting in a reduction in ferromagnetic coupling between Fe atoms. This subsequently reduces the magnetic moment of Fe atoms as well as the total magnetic moment of the system, which is consistent with experimental results. The results could help understand the relationship between atomic structure and magnetic property,and providing valuable insights for enhancing the performance of metallic glasses in industrial applications.

关键词： Fe-based amorphous alloy ab initio molecular dynamic simulation glass-forming ability magnetic properties

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Impact of oxygen incorporation on interface optimization and defect suppression for efficiency enhancement in Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cells

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 77-85页

作者： Shicheng Deng Songfan Wang Yuanyuan Wang Qian Xiao Yuena Meng Dongxing Kou Wenhui Zhou Zhengji Zhou Zhi Zheng Sixin Wu key laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials Henan University key laboratory of micro-nano Materials for energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials College of Chemical and Materials Engineering Xuchang University

Kesterite Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4（CZTSSe） solar cells suffer from severe carrier recombination, limiting the photovoltaic performance. Unfavorable energy band alignment at the p-n junction and defective front interface are two main causes. Herein, oxygen incorporation in CZTSSe via absorber air-annealing was developed as a strategy to optimize its surface photoelectric property and reduce the defects. With optimized oxygen incorporation conditions, the carrier separation and collection behavior at the front interface of the device is improved. In particular, it is found that oxygen incorporated absorber exhibits increased band bending, larger depletion region width, and suppressed absorber defects. These indicate the dynamic factors for carrier separation become stronger. Meanwhile, the increased potential difference between grain boundaries and intra grains combined with the decreased concentration of interface deep level defect in the absorber provide a better path for carrier transport. As a consequence, the champion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has been improved from 9.74% to 12.04% with significantly improved open-circuit voltage after optimized air-annealing condition. This work provides a new insight for interface engineering to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of CZTSSe devices.

关键词： Defect suppression Interface optimization Kesterite Surface oxidation Thin film solar cell