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Hybrid model for BOF oxygen blowing time prediction based on oxygen balance mechanism and deep neural network

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 106-117页

作者： Xin Shao Qing Liu Zicheng Xin Jiangshan Zhang Tao Zhou Shaoshuai Li State key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of MES technology for iron&steel production Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China Laiwu iron and steel Group Yinshan Section steel Co. Ltd.Jinan 271104China

The amount of oxygen blown into the converter is one of the key parameters for the control of the converter blowing process,which directly affects the tap-to-tap time of converter. In this study, a hybrid model based on oxygen balance mechanism (OBM) and deep neural network (DNN) was established for predicting oxygen blowing time in converter. A three-step method was utilized in the hybrid model. First, the oxygen consumption volume was predicted by the OBM model and DNN model, respectively. Second, a more accurate oxygen consumption volume was obtained by integrating the OBM model and DNN model. Finally, the converter oxygen blowing time was calculated according to the oxygen consumption volume and the oxygen supply intensity of each heat. The proposed hybrid model was verified using the actual data collected from an integrated steel plant in China, and compared with multiple linear regression model, OBM model, and neural network model including extreme learning machine, back propagation neural network, and DNN. The test results indicate that the hybrid model with a network structure of 3 hidden layer layers, 32-16-8 neurons per hidden layer, and 0.1 learning rate has the best prediction accuracy and stronger generalization ability compared with other models. The predicted hit ratio of oxygen consumption volume within the error±300 m^(3)is 96.67%;determination coefficient (R^(2)) and root mean square error (RMSE) are0.6984 and 150.03 m^(3), respectively. The oxygen blow time prediction hit ratio within the error±0.6 min is 89.50%;R2and RMSE are0.9486 and 0.3592 min, respectively. As a result, the proposed model can effectively predict the oxygen consumption volume and oxygen blowing time in the converter.

关键词： basic oxygen furnace oxygen consumption oxygen blowing time oxygen balance mechanism deep neural network hybrid model

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Coke behavior with H_(2)O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace:A review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 959-976页

作者： Feng Zhou Daosheng Peng Kejiang Li Alberto N.Conejo Haotian Liao Zixin Xiong Dongtao Li Jianliang Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Baosteel Central Research Institute(R&D Center of Wuhan iron&steel Co. Ltd.)Wuhan 430080China Shougang Research Institute of technology Shougang Group Corporation Ltd.Beijing 100043China beijing key laboratory of green recyclable process for iron and steel production technology Beijing 100043China

Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO_(2)emissions in the ironmaking process.However,hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H_(2)O,which places new demands on coke quality in a blast furnace.In a hydrogen-rich blast furnace,the presence of H_(2)O promotes the solution loss reaction.This result improves the reactivity of coke,which is 20%-30%higher in a pure H_(2)O atmosphere than in a pure CO_(2)atmosphere.The activation energy range is 110-300 kJ/mol between coke and CO_(2)and 80-170 kJ/mol between coke and H_(2)O.CO_(2)and H_(2)O are shown to have different effects on coke degradation mechanisms.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of H_(2)O on the structure and properties of coke.By exploring the interactions between H_(2)O and coke,several unresolved issues in the field requiring further research were identified.This review aims to provide valuable insights into coke behavior in hydrogen-rich environments and promote the further development of hydrogen-rich blast furnace ironmaking processes.

关键词： hydrogen ironmaking coke behavior blast furnace gasification microstructure kinetics

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锌基镀层热成形钢裂纹的产生、扩展机理及高温力学性能研究

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第2期31卷 399-415页

作者：李学涛朱国森马闻宇邵蓉张永强郑学斌 Research Institute of technology of Shougang Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100043China beijing key laboratory of green Recycling process for iron&steel production technology Beijing 100043China beijing Engineering Research Centre of Energy steel Beijing 100043China

本文通过锌基镀层热成形钢的Gleeble试验和实际零件热冲压试验,在材料高温性能分析的基础上,建立了材料模型,用于高精度地拟合真应力和真应变之间的关系,进而研究成形温度、铁素体形成和弯曲变形对液态锌致基板脆裂(LMIE)的影响。结果表... 详细信息

本文通过锌基镀层热成形钢的Gleeble试验和实际零件热冲压试验,在材料高温性能分析的基础上,建立了材料模型,用于高精度地拟合真应力和真应变之间的关系,进而研究成形温度、铁素体形成和弯曲变形对液态锌致基板脆裂(LMIE)的影响。结果表明,真应力随着变形温度的下降而增加。当变形温度为820℃时,LMIE导致真应变较低,约为0.13。根据Gleeble热模拟测试和实际零件试验结果,建议成形温度为720℃,可以避免LMIE并保证材料的力学性能。在实际应用中,拉应力容易导致微裂纹的产生,而压应力可以抑制微裂纹的产生。随着成形温度的降低,镀层中微裂纹的数量和宽度降低,同时镀层厚度增加。镀层主要为固态α-Fe(Zn)相。通过减少在加热保温和成形过程中的液态相可以减少甚至避免LMIE裂纹的产生。

关键词：热成形钢锌基镀层断裂直接热冲压微观组织

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A recyclable method for titanium extraction and oxygen evolution from Ti-bearing slags

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Fundamental Research 2024年第1期4卷 86-94页

作者： Zhenghao Pu Wei Wang Zhe Wang Mingyin Kou Yiwa Luo Jianbang Ge Xin Tao Mingyong Wang Shuqiang Jiao State key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

Despite its existence for more than 80 years,the titanium industry is still challenged by massive carbon emissions,high production costs,and large resource waste.More than one hundred million tons of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag(TB-slag)has been discarded in China because of the difficulty of reutilization,which requires efficient titanium extraction and recovery technologies.This paper describes a low-cost,carbon-emission-free method for Ti extraction and oxygen evolution via molten oxide electrolysis(MOE)vacuum distillation.After a comprehensive analysis of the binding energies and activities of liquid metals,the highlights of our study are as follows.1)Sb has the best preferential deposition of Ti among a series of high-Ti-affinitive liquid metal cathodes(Cu,Ni,Pb,Sn,and Sb).2)The Ir anode was first used in TB-slag with IrO_(2) formed on its surface to protect it from further corrosion.3)An alloy containing Ti and Ca can be obtained by MOE,and Ti and Ca metals can be refined by further vacuum distillation.4)A closed loop is formed in the overall process owing to the recyclable Sb cathode and continuous feeding of TB-slag into the electrolyte.This simple,low-cost,and environmentally friendly method can realize the efficient utilization of Ti resources and achieve carbon neutrality.

关键词： Titanium Molten oxide electrolysis Inert anodeLiquid cathode Depolarization

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Evaluation of increasing service life of epoxy zinc-rich coating on 3 wt.%Ni-advanced low-alloy steel in marine atmospheric environment

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Journal of iron and steel Research(International) 2022年第4期29卷 698-706页

作者： Sheng-rong Wang Jian-wei Yang Jian-ping Cao Shan Jiang Fei-fan Xu Shougang Research Institute of technology of Shougang Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100043China beijing key laboratory of green recyclable process for iron&steel production technology Beijing 100043China

The addition of Ni element into steel to prolong the service life of coated steel was investigated in marine atmospheric environment by laboratory simulated accelerated experiment.The scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalysis combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize coated steel properties and examined the anti-corrosion performance.The results showed that 3 wt.%Ni-advanced steel(3Ni steel)substrate obviously delayed the failure time of coating compared to carbon steel,therefore prolonging the service life of coating on the steel.X-ray diffraction patterns for the corrosion products under the scratched coating on 3Ni steel exhibited that FeNi_(2)O_(4) and Fe_(2)O_(3) occurred in the corrosion product of 3Ni steel.It was also found that Ni element enriched in the product layer through analyzing the appearance and composition of corrosion products by electron probe micro-analysis.Chloride ions were blocked out of product by the enrichment of Ni element in rust layer.

关键词： 3wt.% Ni-advanced low-alloy steel Coating failure Service life Corrosion product Marine atmosphere

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Study on metal recovery process and kinetics of oxidative leaching from spent LiFePO_(4)Li-batteries

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 94-102页

作者： Xiaoming Zhang Wen Xie Xiaolei Zhou Wenjie Zhang Jiawei Wen Xin Wang Guoyong Huang Shengming Xu College of New Energy and Materials China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State key laboratory of Heavy Oil processing College of Chemical EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China beijing Spacecrafts Beijing 100094China Ganfeng Lithium Group Co. Ltd.Xinyu 338000China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China beijing key laboratory of Fine Ceramics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A green environmental protection and enhanced leaching process was proposed to recover all elements from spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))lithium batteries.In order to reduce the influence of Al impurity in the recovery process,NaOH was used to remove impurity.After impurity removal,the spent LiFePO_(4)cathode material was used as raw material under the H2SO4 system,and the pressure oxidation leaching process was adopted to achieve the preferential leaching of lithium.The E-pH diagram of the Fe ePeAleH_(2)O system can determine the stable region of each element in the recovery process of spent LiFePO_(4)Li-batteries.Under the optimal conditions(500 r·min^(-1),15 h,363.15 K,0.4 MPa,the liquidesolid ratio was 4:1 ml·g^(-1)and the acidematerial ratio was 0.29),the leaching rate of Li was 99.24%,Fe,Al,and Ti were 0.10%,2.07%,and 0.03%,respectively.The Fe and P were precipitated and recovered as FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O.The kinetic analysis shows that the process of high-pressure acid leaching of spent LiFePO_(4)materials depends on the surface chemical reaction.Through the life cycle assessment(LCA)of the spent LiFePO_(4)whole recovery process,eight midpoint impact categories were selected to assess the impact of recovery process.The results can provide basic environmental information on production process for recycling industry.

关键词： Spent LiFePO_(4)Li-batteries Oxidative leaching Kinetic study Life cycle assessment

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Unveiling the mechanisms of Fe(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan composite(CTS-Fe)in enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 200-211页

作者： Boaiqi Zhang Ziwen Zhao RuiMa Nan Chen Zhe Kong Zhongfang Lei Zhenya Zhang Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan The key laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems/College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510345China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Anaerobic digestion(AD)of waste activated sludge(WAS)is usually limited by the low generation efficiency of methane.Fe(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan composite(CTS-Fe)have been reported to effectively enhanced the digestion of WAS,but its role in promoting anaerobic sludge digestion remains unclear.In present study,the effects of CTS-Fe on the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages of WAS anaerobic digestion were investigated.The addition of CTSFe increased methane production potential by 8%-23%under the tested conditions with the addition of 5-20 g/L CTS-Fe.Besides,the results demonstrate that the addition of CTS-Fe could effectively promote the hydrolysis of WAS,evidenced by lower protein or polysaccharides concentration,higher soluble organic carbon in rector adding CTS-Fe,as well as the increased activity of extracellular hydrolase with higher CTS-Fe concentration.Meanwhile,the enrichment of Clostridia abundance(iron-reducing bacteria(IRBs))was observed in CTS-Fe adding reactor(8.9%-13.8%),which was higher than that in the control reactor(7.9%).The observation further suggesting the acceleration of hydrolysis through dissimilatory iron reduction(DIR)process,thus providing abundant substrates for methanogenesis.However,the presence of CTS-Fe was inhibited the acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis process,which could be ascribed to the Fe(Ⅲ)act as electron acceptor coupled to methane for anaerobic oxidation.Furthermore,coenzyme F420 activity in the CTS-Fe added reactor was 34.9% lower than in the blank,also abundance of microorganisms involved in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was decreased.Results from this study could provide theoretical support for the practical applications of CTS-Fe.

关键词： Chitosan-Fe(Ⅲ)composite Methanogenesis Dissimilatory iron reduction Enzyme activity Microbial community structure

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Crystalline-amorphous M@MNx（M=Co,Fe,Ni）encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon for enhanced efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1547-1556页

作者： Yang Yang Xiao-Chuan Duan Shao-Hui Guo Xian-Ming Zhang College of Materials Science and Engineering College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of Technology

Developing earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） is important for the sustainable energy economy.Herein,efficient and stable heterocatalysts consisting of crystalline-amorphous M@MNx（M=Co,Fe,Ni） encapsulated in N-doped carbon layers supported with N-doped graphene sheets（denoted as M@MNx@NC-NG） are synthesized by facile hydrothermal reaction and nitridation process.During the nitriding process,metal ions in M（tzbc）2（H2O）4(tzbc=4-（1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl） benzoic acid) complexes are reduced to crystalline M cores,accompanied by the formation of amorphous MNxshells;the tzbc ligands are insitu carbonized to form outermost N-doped carbon（NC）layers that connect with inner MNxvia M-N-C motifs inherited from the complex precursors and inhibit the transition of MNxfrom amorphous to crystalline phase.The Co@CoNx@NC-NG catalyst exhibits excellent HER activity with small overpotentials of 45 and 64 mV at a cathode current density of 10 mA·cm-2and low Tafel slopes of 40 and 85 mV·dec-1in 0.5 mol·L-1H2SO4and1.0 mol·L-1KOH electrolytes,respectively.The Co@CoNx@NC-NG retains 97% of the initial overpotential after 100,000 s in both acidic and alkaline media.Such outstanding HER performance originates from the crystalline-amorphous Co@CoNxthat redistributes electrons around the heterointerfaces,facilitating the conversion process of H+/H2O to hydrogen and thereby promoting HER kinetics.The outermost NC layers serve as the armor of Co@CoNx,and graphene nanosheets act as carriers of egg-like Co@CoNx@NC and conduction paths for electron shuttles,ensuring stable and continuous electrocatalytic hydrogen production.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Electrocatalysts iron group metals Heterojunction Crystalline-amorphous structure

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Low-temperature-pyrolysis preparation of nanostructured graphite towards rapid potassium storage with high initial Coulombic efficiency

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5138-5147页

作者： Jingke Ren Boyu Xing Wen Luo Binyang Luo Xinfei Wu Xin Yan Wencong Feng Feiyue Wang Chaojie Cheng Liqiang Mai State key laboratory of Advanced technology for Materials Synthesis and processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Physics School of ScienceWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Industrially prepared artificial graphite(AG)is attractive for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),but its rate performance is poor and the production process is energy intensive,so developing an efficient strategy to produce novel graphite with low energy consumption and high performance is economically important.Herein,a nanostructured graphite composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)and graphite shells was prepared by one-pot method through low-temperature pyrolysis of iron-based metal-organic framework(MOF)and carbon source.The high graphitization degree of nanostructured graphite makes the initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)exceed 80%,and the three-dimensional(3D)conductive network ensures a specific capacity of 234 mAh·g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 500 mA·g^(−1).In addition,the typical graphite potassium storage mechanism is also demonstrated by in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)and in situ Raman spectroscopy,and its practicality is also proved by the voltage of the full cells.This work provides a feasible way to optimize the practical production process of AG and expand its application in energy storage.

关键词： graphite anode potassium-ion batteries high graphitization degree low-temperature pyrolysis initial Coulombic efficiency

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Effects of Si and Cr on Complete Decarburization Behavior of High Carbon steels in Atmosphere of 2 vol.%O2

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Journal of iron and steel Research(International) 2016年第12期23卷 1316-1322页

作者： Yang-bo LIU Wei ZHANG Qian TONG Qi-song SUN Shougang Research Institute of technology Beijing 100048China beijing key laboratory of green recyclable process for iron&steel production technology Beijing 100048China

The effects of chemical compositions, especially silicon and chromium contents, on the complete decarburization behaviors of steels in atmosphere of 2 vol. %O2 and 98 vol. % N2 were investigated by using a simuhaneous thermal analyzer. Complete decarburization was observed at both 750 and 800 ℃ for 60Si2MnA steel, while 750℃ only for 92A steel. For GCr15 steel, no decarburization was found at 750 or 800 ℃, and only partial decarburization was observed at 850 ℃. It indicates that silicon promotes while chromium prevents the complete decarburization of steels in atmosphere with 2 vol. % O2. The main reason is that silicon increases while chromium reduces the equilib rium concentration of ferrite at the interface of ferrite and austenite, which results in the complete decarburization.

关键词： complete deearburization silicon chromium low oxygen concentration oxide scale

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