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Effects of dietary yeast β-glucan on nutrient digestibility and serum profiles in pre-ruminant Holstein calves

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第4期14卷 749-757页

作者： MA Tao TU Yan ZHANG Nai-feng GUO Jiang-peng DENG Kai-dong ZHOU Yi YUN Qiang DIAO Qi-yu Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed BiotechnologyMinistry of Agriculture beijing general station of animal husbandry

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of yeast 13-glucan on the nutrient digestibility and serum profiles in pre-ruminant Holstein calves. Forty-two neonatal Holstein calves （（39.6＋4.2） kg） were randomly allotted to six groups, and each was offered one of the following diets： a basal diet （control） or the basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mg of yeast 13-glucan kg-~ feed （dry matter basis）. The basal diet consisted of a milk replacer and a starter feed. The trial lasted for 56 d. Two digestibility trials were conducted from d 14 to 20 and from d 42 to 48. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 28 and 42 for serum profile analyses. On d 56, three calves from each group were slaughtered, and intestinal samples were collected to assess the villous height, crypt depth and mucosal thickness. Although feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment （P〉0.05）, the average daily gain （ADG） and gain-to-feed ratios were higher （P〈0.05） for the calves fed 75 mg of yeast β-glucan kg^-1 feed than those in the other groups. The supplementation of yeast β-glucan at 75 mg kg^-1 feed increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, ether extract （EE）, and phosphorus （P）（P〈0.05） and the ratio of intestinal villous height to crypt depth （V/C）（P〈0.05） when compared with the control group. No effects of yeast β-glucan on the serum concentrations of total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB）, serum urea nitrogen （SUN） and glucose （GLU） were observed （P〉0.05）. Compared with the control group, supplementation of yeast β-glucan decreased （P〈0.05） the serum concentrations of triglycerides （TG） and total cholesterol （TC）. The serum concentration of immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin M （IgM） increased quadratically （P〈0.05）, whereas the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A （IgA） was unaffected by dietary treatments （P〉0.05）. The supplementation of yeast β-glucan stimu- lated the enzymatic activity of alkaline p

关键词： calf digestibility intestinal development serum profile yeast β-glucan

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Natural astaxanthin enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved semen quality through the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in aging layer breeder roosters

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 578-592页

作者： Shan Gao Nuo Heng Fang Liu Yong Guo Yu Chen Liang Wang Hemin Ni Xihui Sheng Xiangguo Wang Kai Xing Longfei Xiao Xiaolong Qi animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China Department of Livestock and Poultry Products Testing Beijing General Station of Animal HusbandryBeijing 100107China

Background:Natural astaxanthin(ASTA)has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human ***,the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters have been poorly *** aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ASTA on semen quality and antioxidant capacity in aging roosters and to explore the potential mechanism of semen quality change via antioxidation defense ***:In the present study,9653-week-old Jinghong No.1 layer breeder roosters were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0,25,50,or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 ***:Semen quality in the ASTA groups remarkably improved than that in the control group,and antioxidant activities,the abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions,increased gradually with ASTA addition(P<0.05).In addition,the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)were markedly increased in the 50-100 mg/kg ASTA group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Collectively,these results demonstrate that dietary ASTA may improve semen quality by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals,which may be related to upregulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.

关键词： Aging rooster Antioxidant capacity MAPK/Nrf2 pathway Natural astaxanthin Semen quality

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Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and complete feeds obtained from the beijing region of China

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 471-478页

作者： Xiaoying Li Lihong Zhao Yu Fan Yaxiong Jia Lei Sun Shanshan Ma Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma Jianyun Zhang State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition China Agricultural University beijing Municipal general station for animal husbandry and Veterinary Service Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Background：The current study was carried out to provide a reference for the control of mycotoxin contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds for ***：A total of 55 feed ingredients,including 14 corn,13 wheat bran,11 soybean meal and 17 dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） as well as 76 complete swine feeds including 7 creep feeds,14 starter feeds,14 grower feeds,18 grower-finisher feeds,10 gestating sow feeds,and 13 lactating sow feeds were randomly collected from15 swine farms located in the beijing region of China from July to August *** clean-up,using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC） in combination with UV or Fluorescence Detection,was used for quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B,（AFB,）,deoxynivalenol（DON）,zearalenone（ZEA） and ochratoxin A（OTA） in the ingredients and complete ***：DON and ZEA were the most prevalent mycotoxins *** was detected at percentages of 93,92,54,100 and 97%with a mean level of 1.01,0.44,0.05,1.36 and 0.65 ppm in the samples of corn,wheat bran,soybean meal,DDGS and complete feeds,*** detected percentages of ZEA were 100,100,54,100 and 100 with mean levels of 109.1,14.9,9.2,882.7 and 58.9 ppb in the same *** the wheat bran and soybean meal samples,the content of all four mycotoxins were below the maximum limits set by Chinese regulations while the percentage of samples that exceeded regulatory limits were 7,57 and 7%for corn,and 7,14 and 3%for the complete feeds for AFB,,DON and OTA *** showed the most serious mycotoxin contamination and the percentage of samples that exceeded regulatory limits were 6,88 and 41%,for AFB,,DON and ZEA,***：This paper is the first to present data on the natural occurrence of AFB,,DON,ZEA and OTA in ingredients and complete feeds obtained from swine farms in China＇s beijing *** data shows that feed ingredients and complete swine feeds obtained from these farms are most often contamin

关键词： AflatoxinB1 beijing region Deoxynivalenol Ochratoxin A Swine feeds Zearalenone

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Calmodulin-like 5 promotes PEDV replication by regulating late-endosome synthesis and innate immune response

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 501-512页

作者： Wen-Jun Tian Xiu-Zhong Zhang Jing Wang Jian-Feng Liu Fu-Huang Li Xiao-Jia Wang National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China beijing general station of animal husbandry Service(South Section) Beijing102218China

The infection caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is associated with high mortality in piglets *** factors involved in the efficient replication of PEDV,however,remain largely *** recent proteomic study in the virus-host interaction network revealed a significant increase in the accumulation of CALML5(EF-hand protein calmodulin-like 5)following PEDV infection.A further study unveiled a biphasic increase of CALML5 in 2 and 12 h after viral *** trends were observed in the intestines of piglets in the early and late stages of the PEDV ***,CALML5 depletion reduced PEDV mRNA and protein levels,leading to a one-order-of-magnitude decrease in virus *** the early stage of PEDV infection,CALML5 affected the endosomal trafficking pathway by regulating the expression of endosomal sorting complex related cellular ***5 depletion also suppressed IFN-βand IL-6 production in the PEDV-infected cells,thereby indicating its involvement in negatively regulating the innate immune *** study reveals the biological function of CALML5 in the virology field and offers new insights into the PEDV-host cell interaction.

关键词： Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) EF-hand protein calmodulin-like 5(CALML5) Late endosomes Innate immune response

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Immunoassay of chemical contaminants in milk:A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2282-2295页

作者： XU Fei REN Kang YANG Yu-ze GUO Jiang-peng MA Guang-peng LIU Yi-ming LU Yong-qiang LI Xiu-bo National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences beijing general station of animal husbandry China Rural Technology Development Center Ministry of Science and Technology of China

The detection of chemical contaminants is critical to ensure dairy safety. These contaminants include veterinary medicines, antibiotics, pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and persistent organic pollutants （POPs）. Immunoassays have recently been used to detect contaminants in milk because of their simple operation, high speed, and low cost. This article describes the latest developments in the most important component of immunoassays--antibodies, and then reviews the four major substrates used for immunoassays （i.e., microplates, membranes, gels, and chips） as well as their use in the detection of milk contaminants. The paper concludes with prospects for further aDDlications of these immunoassavs.

关键词： milk chemical contaminants immunoassay antibodies

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A post-GWAS confirming the genetic effects and functional polymorphisms of AGPAT3 gene on milk fatty acids in dairy cattle

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 122-140页

作者： Lijun Shi Xin Wu Yuze Yang Zhu Ma Xiaoqing Lv Lin Liu Yanhua Li Feng Zhao Bo Han Dongxiao Sun Department of animal Genetics Breeding and ReproductionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100193China Institute of animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China beijing general station of animal husbandry Beijing 100101China beijing Dairy Cattle Center Beijing 100192China.

Background: People are paying more attention to the healthy and balanced diet with the improvement of their living standards. Milk fatty acids(FAs) have been reported that they were related to some atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases in human. In our previous genome-wide association study(GWAS) on milk FAs in dairy cattle, 83 genomewide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were detected. Among them, two SNPs, ARS-BFGL-NGS-109493 and BTA-56389-no-rs associated with C18 index(P = 0.0459), were located in the upstream of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3(AGPAT3) gene. AGPAT3 is involved in glycerol-lipid, glycerol-phospholipid metabolism and phospholipase D signaling pathways. Hence, it was inferred as a candidate gene for milk FAs. The aim of this study was to further confirm the genetic effects of the AGPAT3 gene on milk FA traits in dairy ***: Through re-sequencing the complete coding region, and 3000 bp of 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions of the AGPA T3 gene, a total of 17 SNPs were identified, including four in 5′ regulatory region, one in 5′ untranslated region(UTR),three in introns, one in 3′ UTR, and eight in 3′ regulatory region. By the linkage disequilibrium(LD) analysis with Haploview4.1 software, two haplotype blocks were observed that were formed by four and 12 identified SNPs,respectively. Using SAS9.2, we performed single locus-based and haplotype-based association analysis on 24 milk FAs in 1065 Chinese Holstein cows, and discovered that all the SNPs and the haplotype blocks were significantly associated with C6:0, C8:0 and C10:0(P A, g.146704373 A > G, g.146704618 A > G and g.146704699 G > A) changed the transcription factor binding sites(TFBSs) for transcription factors SMARCA3, REX1, VMYB, BRACH, NKX26, ZBED4, SP1, USF1, ARNT and FOXA1. Out of them, two SNPs were validated to impact transcriptional ac

关键词： AGPAT3 Chinese Holstein Genetic effects Milk fatty acids Potential causal mutation

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Effects of protein sources for milk replacers on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of suckling calves

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animal Nutrition 2015年第4期1卷 349-355页

作者： Kaiwu Huang Yan Tu Bingwen Si Guishan Xu Jiangpeng Guo Feng Guo Chuntao Yang Qiyu Diao College of animal Science Tarim University Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Nutrition The animal husbandry station of beijing

This study investigated the effects of protein sources for milk replacers on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of suckling calves. Fifty Chinese Holstein bull calves with similar BW and age were randomly allocated to 5 groups(1 control and 4 treatments) of 10 calves in each group. Five types of milk replacers were designed to have the same level of energy and protein. The protein source for milk replacers of the control group was full milk protein(MP). The protein source of milk replacers of the 4 treatment groups was composed of MP and one vegetable protein(VP)(30 and 70% of total protein). The4 types of VP were soybean protein concentrate(SP), hydrolyzed wheat protein(WP), peanut protein concentrate(PP), and rice protein isolate(RP). Results of the experiment showed: 1) there was no significant difference on average daily gain(ADG) and feed:gain ratio(F:G) among the MP, SP and RP groups(P > 0.05), whereas the ADG and F:G of the WP and PP groups were significantly lower compared with the MP group(P 0.05). Thereby the 4 VP milk replacers had no adverse effects on body size of calves; 3) all groups showed no significant difference in the serum contents of urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, globulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and the ratio of albumin to globulin(A:G)(P> 0.05). In conclusion, SP or RP(accounts for 70% of the total protein) as calf milk replacers could substitute MP, whereas wheat gluten and PP had a significant adverse effect on growth performance in this experiment.

关键词： Calf Growth performance Milk replacer Milk protein replacement Serum biochemical parameters Vegetable protein

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Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 764-778页

作者： Yun Ji Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Xiaolong Wang Ju Li Binggen Wang Guoyao Wu State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China Henan Yinfa animal husbandry Co. Ltd. XinzhengHenan 451100 China Department of animal Science and Center for animal Genomics Texas A&M University Room 212 College Station TX 77843 USA.

Maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy alters organ structure, impairs prenatal and neonatal growth and development, and reduces feed efficiency for lean tissue gains in pigs. These adverse effects may be carried over to the next generation or beyond. This phenomenon of the transgenerational impacts is known as fetal programming, which is mediated by stable and heritable alterations of gene expression through covalent modifications of DNA and histones without changes in DNA sequences(namely, epigenetics). The mechanisms responsible for the epigenetic regulation of protein expression and functions include chromatin remodeling; DNA methylation(occurring at the 5′-position of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides); and histone modifications(acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination). Like maternal malnutrition, undernutrition during the neonatal period also reduces growth performance and feed efficiency(weight gain:feed intake; also known as weightgain efficiency) in postweaning pigs by 5–10%, thereby increasing the days necessary to reach the market bodyweight. Supplementing functional amino acids(e.g., arginine and glutamine) and vitamins(e.g., folate) play a key role in activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and regulating the provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation. Therefore, these nutrients are beneficial for the dietary treatment of metabolic disorders in offspring with intrauterine growth restriction or neonatal malnutrition. The mechanism-based strategies hold great promise for the improvement of the efficiency of pork production and the sustainability of the global swine industry.

关键词： Epigenetics Fetal programming Gene expression Neonatal programming Nutrition

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NAD^(+) and its possible role in gut microbiota:Insights on the mechanisms by which gut microbes influence host metabolism

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animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 360-371页

作者： Zhongxiang Ren Yetong Xu Tiejun Li Weizhong Sun Zhiru Tang Yongsheng Wang Kaifeng Zhou Jigang Li Qi Ding Kaiyang Liang Liuting Wu Yulong Yin Zhihong Sun Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Nutrition&Health Research Institute COFCOBeijing 102209China Shandong Provincial animal husbandry general station Jinan 250002China Chongqing Academy of animal Sciences Chongqing 500153China

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))is an enzyme cofactor,co-substrate,and redox factor in all living cells and is necessary for maintaining cell *** has been shown that appropriate supplementation of NAD^(+)precursors or inhibition of NAD^(+)-depleting enzymes can promote mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and improve host energy utilization *** addition,increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host ***,there should be a close correlation among NAD^(+),gut microbiota,and host metabolism;however,the information is *** this review,we summarize the metabolic process of NAD^(+)and its impact on host metabolism,the link between gut microbiota and host metabolism,as well as the potential effects of NAD^(+)on microbial metabolism,providing a new perspective on the interaction between gut microbiota and host metabolism.

关键词： NAD^(+) Gut microbiota Host metabolism Metabolic diseases

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Significant genomic introgression from grey junglefowl(Gallus sonneratii)to domestic chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1482-1493页

作者： Xiurong Zhao Junhui Wen Xinye Zhang Jinxin Zhang Tao Zhu Huie Wang Weifang Yang Guomin Cao Wenjie Xiong Yong Liu Changqing Qu Zhonghua Ning Lujiang Qu National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsTarim UniversityAlar 843300China beijing Municipal general station of animal Science Beijing 100107China animal husbandry station of Fangchenggang FangchenggangGuangxi Province 538001China animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Fangchenggang FangchenggangGuangxi Province 538001China beijing Agricultural Effect Poultry Industry Co. Ltd.Beijing 101100China Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti‑aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province Fuyang Normal UniversityFuyangAnhui 236037China

Background Chicken is one of the most numerous and widely distributed species around the world,and many studies support the multiple ancestral origins of domestic *** research regarding the yellow skin phenotype in domestic chickens(regulated by BCO2)likely originating from the grey junglefowl serves as crucial evidence for demonstrating the multiple origins of ***,beyond the BCO2 gene region,much remains unknown about the introgression from the grey junglefowl into domestic ***,in this study,based on wholegenome data of 149 samples including 4 species of wild junglefowls and 13 local domestic chicken breeds,we explored the introgression events from the grey junglefowl to domestic *** We successfully detected introgression regions besides BCO2,including two associated with growth trait(IGFBP2 and TKT),one associated with angiogenesis(TIMP3)and two members of the heat shock protein family(HSPB2 and CRYAB).Our findings suggest that the introgression from the grey junglefowl may impact the growth performance of ***,we revealed introgression events from grey junglefowl at the BCO2 region in multiple domestic chicken breeds,indicating a phenomenon where the yellow skin phenotype likely underwent strong selection and was ***,our haplotype analysis shed light on BCO2 introgression event from different sources of grey junglefowl into domestic chickens,possibly suggesting multiple genetic flows between the grey junglefowl and domestic *** In summary,our findings provide evidences of the grey junglefowl contributing to the genetic diversity of domestic chickens,laying the foundation for a deeper understanding of the genetic composition within domestic chickens,and offering new perspectives on the impact of introgression on domestic chickens.

关键词： BCO2 Domestic chickens Grey junglefowl Introgression

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