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Metagenomic insights into microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes of waste antibiotic fermentation residues along production,storage and treatment processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 45-55页

作者： Ziming Han Xiao Luan Haodi Feng Yanqin Deng Min Yang Yu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China National engineering research center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery Beijing 100085China Wuhan Agricultural Inspection center Wuhan 430016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Antibiotic fermentation residue(AFR)is nutrient-rich solid waste generated from fermentative antibiotic production process.It is demonstrated that AFR contains high-concentration of remaining antibiotics,and thus may promote antibiotic resistance development in receiving environment or feeding farmed animals.However,the dominate microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in AFRs have not been adequately explored,hampering understanding on the potential antibiotic resistance risk development caused by AFRs.Herein,seven kinds of representative AFRs along their production,storage,and treatment processes were collected,and multiple methods including amplicon sequencing,metagenomic sequencing,and bioinformatic approaches were adopted to explore the biological characteristics of AFRs.As expected,antibiotic fermentation producer was found as the predominant species in raw AFRs,which were collected at the outlet of fermentation tanks.However,except for producer species,more environment-derived species persisted in stored AFRs,which were temporarily stored at a semi-open space.Lactobacillus genus,classified as Firmicutes phylum and Bacilli class,became predominant bacterial taxa in stored AFRs,which might attribute to its tolerance to high concentration of antibiotics.Results from metagenomic sequencing together with assembly and binning approaches showed that these newly-colonizing species(e.g.,Lactobacillus genus)tended to carry ARGs conferring resistance to the remaining antibiotic.However,after thermal treatment,remaining antibiotic could be efficiently removed from AFRs,and microorganisms together with DNA could be strongly destroyed.In sum,the main risk from the AFRs was the remaining antibiotic,while environment-derived bacteria which tolerate extreme environment,survived in ARFs with high content antibiotics,and may carry ARGs.Thus,hydrothermal or other harmless treatment technologies are recommended to remove antibiotic content and inactivate bacteria before recycling of AFRs in pharmaceutical industry.

关键词： Pharmaceutical manufacturing Antibiotic mycelia residue Antibiotic resistance bacteria Thermal treatment Solid waste

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Insight into the capacity degradation and structural evolution of single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 68-76页

作者： Xiaodong Zhang Jiao Lin Ersha Fan Qingrong Huang Su Ma Renjie Chen Feng Wu Li Li beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Collaborative Innovation center of Electric Vehicles in beijing Advanced Technology research Institute Beijing Institute of Technology

Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are a promising candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their higher structural and cycling stability than polycrystalline materials. However, the phase evolution and capacity degradation of these single-crystal cathodes during continuous lithation/delithation cycling remains unclear. Understanding the mapping relationship between the macroscopic electrochemical properties and the material physicochemical properties is crucial. Here, we investigate the correlation between the physical-chemical characteristics, phase transition, and capacity decay using capacity differential curve feature identification and in-situ X-ray spectroscopic imaging. We systematically clarify the dominant mechanism of phase evolution in aging cycling. Appropriately high cut-off voltages can mitigate the slow kinetic and electrochemical properties of single-crystal cathodes. We also find that second-order differential capacity discharge characteristic curves can be used to identify the crystal structure disorder of Ni-rich cathodes. These findings constitute a step forward in elucidating the correlation between the electrochemical extrinsic properties and the physicochemical intrinsic properties and provide new perspectives for failure analysis of layered electrode materials.

关键词： Capacity decay Differential capacity analysis Phase transition Single-crystal cathodes

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Association of DNA methylation/demethylation with the functional outcome of stroke in a hyperinflammatory state

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第10期19卷 2229-2239页

作者： Yubo Wang Ling Zhang Tianjie Lyu Lu Cui Shunying Zhao Xuechun Wang Meng Wang Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Chinese Institute for Brain research BeijingChina research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina beijing engineering research center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

Inflammation is closely related to stroke prognosis, and high inflammation status leads to poor functional outcome in stroke. DNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of stroke. However, the effect of DNA methylation on stroke at high levels of inflammation is unclear. In this study, we constructed a hyperinflammatory cerebral ischemia mouse model and investigated the effect of hypomethylation and hypermethylation on the functional outcome. We constructed a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated the mice with lipopolysaccharide to induce a hyperinflammatory state. To investigate the effect of DNA methylation on stroke, we used small molecule inhibitors to restrain the function of key DNA methylation and demethylation enzymes. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, neurological function scores, neurobehavioral tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot assay were used to evaluate the effects after stroke in mice. We assessed changes in the global methylation status by measuring DNA 5-mc and DNA 5-hmc levels in peripheral blood after the use of the inhibitor. In the group treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor, brain tissue 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining showed an increase in infarct volume, which was accompanied by a decrease in neurological scores and worsening of neurobehavioral performance. The levels of inflammatory factors interleukin 6 and interleukin-1 beta in ischemic brain tissue and plasma were elevated, indicating increased inflammation. Related inflammatory pathway exploration showed significant overactivation of nuclear factor kappa B. These results suggested that inhibiting DNA methylation led to poor functional outcome in mice with high inflammation following stroke. Further, the effects were reversed by inhibition of DNA demethylation. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation regulates the inflammatory response in stroke and has an important role in the functional out

关键词： DNA demethylation DNA methylation DNMT3A functional outcome hyperinflammatory state interleukin neuroinflammation stroke TET2

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Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of high -performance powder metallurgy TA15 titanium alloy by hot rolling

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1426-1436页

作者： Ying Gao Ce Zhang Jiazhen Zhang Xin Lu beijing Advanced Innovation center for Materials Genome engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsInstitute for Advanced Ma-terials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National engineering research center for Advanced Rolling Technology National Engineering Research Center for Flat Rolling EquipmentInstitute of Engin-eering TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Hot deformation of sintered billets by powder metallurgy(PM)is an effective preparation technique for titanium alloys,which is more significant for high-alloying alloys.In this study,Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–Mo–V(TA15)titanium alloy plates were prepared by cold press-ing sintering combined with high-temperature hot rolling.The microstructure and mechanical properties under different process paramet-ers were investigated.Optical microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and others were applied to characterize the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties strengthening mechanism.The results showed that the chemical compositions were uniformly dif-fused without segregation during sintering,and the closing of the matrix craters was accelerated by increasing the sintering temperature.The block was hot rolled at 1200℃ with an 80%reduction under only two passes without annealing.The strength and elongation of the plate at 20–25℃ after solution and aging were 1247 MPa and 14.0%,respectively,which were increased by 24.5%and 40.0%,respect-ively,compared with the as-sintered alloy at 1300℃.The microstructure was significantly refined by continuous dynamic recrystalliza-tion,which was completed by the rotation and dislocation absorption of the substructure surrounded by low-angle grain boundaries.After hot rolling combined with heat treatment,the strength and plasticity of PM-TA15 were significantly improved,which resulted from the dense,uniform,and fine recrystallization structure and the synergistic effect of multiple slip systems.

关键词： elemental powder powder metallurgy titanium alloy hot rolling strength and plasticity

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Near-field wideband beam training for ELAA with uniform circular array

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 370-383页

作者： Yuhao CHEN Linglong DAI Department of Electronic engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)

Extremely large-scale antenna array(ELAA) at millimeter wave(mmWave) and Terahertz(THz)band has been considered a key technology for combating high attenuation in high-frequency bands in future6G communications. Uniform circular arrays(UCAs) have attracted much attention because of their ability to provide flat beamforming gain at all angles. To realize efficient beamforming, beam training is widely used to acquire channel state information. However, with a large antenna number, the beam training overhead in ELAA systems becomes overwhelming. Moreover, with a large bandwidth, the beam defocus effect severely degrades beam training accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a frequency-dependent focusing(FDF)-based beam training scheme to realize effective beam training in near-field wideband ELAA systems with UCA. Specifically, we first analyze the FDF property of UCA, where signals at different subcarriers can simultaneously focus on different distances. Then, by exploiting the FDF property to search different distances using different subcarriers simultaneously, we design a hierarchical codebook and propose an FDFbased beam training scheme. To reveal the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we compare its necessary beam training overhead with that of existing schemes. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve accurate beam training in near-field wideband UCA systems with a low beam training overhead.

关键词： extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) uniform circular array (UCA) near-field wideband beam training

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Advances in neuromorphic computing:Expanding horizons for AI development through novel artificial neurons and in-sensor computing

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 1-23页

作者：杨玉波赵吉哲刘胤洁华夏扬王天睿郑纪元郝智彪熊兵孙长征韩彦军王健李洪涛汪莱罗毅 Department of Electronic engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China beijing National research center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

AI development has brought great success to upgrading the information age.At the same time,the large-scale artificial neural network for building AI systems is thirsty for computing power,which is barely satisfied by the conventional computing hardware.In the post-Moore era,the increase in computing power brought about by the size reduction of CMOS in very large-scale integrated circuits(VLSIC)is challenging to meet the growing demand for AI computing power.To address the issue,technical approaches like neuromorphic computing attract great attention because of their feature of breaking Von-Neumann architecture,and dealing with AI algorithms much more parallelly and energy efficiently.Inspired by the human neural network architecture,neuromorphic computing hardware is brought to life based on novel artificial neurons constructed by new materials or devices.Although it is relatively difficult to deploy a training process in the neuromorphic architecture like spiking neural network(SNN),the development in this field has incubated promising technologies like in-sensor computing,which brings new opportunities for multidisciplinary research,including the field of optoelectronic materials and devices,artificial neural networks,and microelectronics integration technology.The vision chips based on the architectures could reduce unnecessary data transfer and realize fast and energy-efficient visual cognitive processing.This paper reviews firstly the architectures and algorithms of SNN,and artificial neuron devices supporting neuromorphic computing,then the recent progress of in-sensor computing vision chips,which all will promote the development of AI.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spiking neural network(SNN) in-sensor computing artificial intelligence

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Current Status and Perspectives of Dual-Atom Catalysts Towards Sustainable Energy Utilization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 402-440页

作者： Yizhe Li Yajie Li Hao Sun Liyao Gao Xiangrong Jin Yaping Li Zhi LV Lijun Xu Wen Liu Xiaoming Sun State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China Xinjiang Coal Mine Mechanical and Electrical engineering Technology research center Xinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionPeople’s Republic of China

The exploration of sustainable energy utilization requires the imple-mentation of advanced electrochemical devices for efficient energy conversion and storage,which are enabled by the usage of cost-effective,high-performance electro-catalysts.Currently,heterogeneous atomically dispersed catalysts are considered as potential candidates for a wide range of applications.Compared to conventional cata-lysts,atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon-based catalysts have more unsatu-rated coordination sites,quantum size effect,and strong metal-support interactions,resulting in exceptional catalytic activity.Of these,dual-atomic catalysts(DACs)have attracted extensive attention due to the additional synergistic effect between two adja-cent metal atoms.DACs have the advantages of full active site exposure,high selectiv-ity,theoretical 100%atom utilization,and the ability to break the scaling relationship of adsorption free energy on active sites.In this review,we summarize recent research advancement of DACs,which includes(1)the comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomic pairs;(2)the synthesis of DACs;(3)characterization meth-ods,especially aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron spectroscopy;and(4)electrochemical energy-related applications.The last part focuses on great potential for the electrochemical catalysis of energy-related small molecules,such as oxygen reduction reaction,CO_(2) reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and N_(2) reduction reaction.The future research challenges and opportunities are also raised in prospective section.

关键词： Dual-atom catalysts Synergetic effect Electrocatalysis Oxygen reduction reaction CO_(2)reduction reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction N2 reduction reaction

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Resource Allocation for Channel Estimation in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Multi-Cell Networks

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第1期9卷 64-79页

作者： Yining Xu Sheng Zhou Department of Electronic engineering Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a promising solution to deal with the blockage-sensitivity of millimeter wave band and reduce the high energy consumption caused by network densification. However, deploying large scale RISs may not bring expected performance gain due to significant channel estimation overhead and non-negligible reflected interference.In this paper,we derive the analytical expressions of the coverage probability, area spectrum efficiency(ASE)and energy efficiency (EE)of a downlink RIS-aided multi-cell network.In order to optimize the network performance, we investigate the conditions for the optimal number of training symbols of each antenna-to-antenna and antenna-to-element path (referred to as the optimal unit training overhead) in channel estimation.Our study shows that:1)RIS deployment is not“the more, the better”, only when blockage objects are dense should one deploy more RISs;2) the coverage probability is maximized when the unit training overhead is designed as large as possible;3)however,the ASE-and-EE-optimal unit training overhead exists. It is a monotonically increasing function of the frame length and a monotonically decreasing function of the average signal-to-noise-ratio (in the high signal-to-noise-ratio region). Additionally,the optimal unit training overhead is smaller when communication nodes deploy particularly few or many antennas.

关键词： reconfigurable intelligent surface multi-cell network directional transmissions channel estimation resource allocation stochastic geometry

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Photonic neuromorphic architecture for tens-of-task lifelong learning

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 519-530页

作者： Yuan Cheng Jianing Zhang Tiankuang Zhou Yuyan Wang Zhihao Xu Xiaoyun Yuan Lu Fang Sigma Laboratory Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China beijing National research center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Beijing 100084China Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science Tsinghua University(THUIBCS)Beijing 100084China

Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks.Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls,hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task learning.Referring to another modality of light,photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic systems.Here,we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network(L2 ONN),for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware codesign.Benefiting from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections,L2 ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field,while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the activation.The multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different wavelengths.Extensive evaluations on freespace and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time,L2 ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing,owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks(vision classification,voice recognition,medical diagnosis,etc.)with a single model.Particularly,L2 ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks,and 14×larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual task.The proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme,permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.

关键词： life neural versatile

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Age of Information Based User Scheduling and Data Assignment in Multi-User Mobile Edge Computing Networks:An Online Algorithm

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 153-165页

作者： Ge Yiyang Xiong Ke Dong Rui Lu Yang Fan Pingyi Qu Gang School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China engineering research center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education Beijing 100044China beijing engineering research center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing 100044China Department of Electronic engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China beijing National research center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Computer engineering College ParkMarylandUSA

This paper investigates the age of information(AoI)-based multi-user mobile edge computing(MEC)network with partial offloading mode.The weighted sum AoI(WSA)is first analyzed and derived,and then a WSA minimization problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the user scheduling and data assignment.Due to the non-analytic expression of the WSA w.***.t.the optimization variables and the unknowability of future network information,the problem cannot be solved with known solution methods.Therefore,an online Joint Partial Offloading and User Scheduling Optimization(JPOUSO)algorithm is proposed by transforming the original problem into a single-slot data assignment subproblem and a single-slot user scheduling sub-problem and solving the two sub-problems separately.We analyze the computational complexity of the presented JPO-USO algorithm,which is of O(N),with N being the number of users.Simulation results show that the proposed JPO-USO algorithm is able to achieve better AoI performance compared with various baseline methods.It is shown that both the user’s data assignment and the user’s AoI should be jointly taken into account to decrease the system WSA when scheduling users.

关键词： age of information(aoi) mobile edge computing(mec) user scheduling

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