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The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1150-1155页

作者： Shuanglong Yi Linfang Wang Margaret S.Ho Shiping Zhang School of life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina College of life sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits,dopaminergic neuron loss,and brain accumulation ofα-synuclein aggregates called Lewy *** in protein degradation pathways,such as autophagy,has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson’s ***,it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia,the other cell type in the *** the present study,we show that autophagy-related gene 9(Atg9),the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery,is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult *** from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network,autophagosomes,and lysosomes in ***9 is persistently in contact with these *** glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes,and impairs autophagic substrate *** suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy,and hence the control of autophagic ***,loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons,locomotion deficits,and glial *** findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson’s *** results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： Atg9 autophagy glia Parkinson’s disease

Interplant communication:an emerging battlefield in plant-aphid-virus interactions

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1069-1071页

作者： Yunjing Wang Qian Gong Yule Liu MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for life sciences Beijing 100084China

Plants constantly face threats from various organisms,including pathogens and *** the pathogens,plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that infect plants and cause serious crop yield losses.

关键词： plant Plants communication

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Nuclear phylogenomics of angiosperms and insights into their relationships and evolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 546-578页

作者： Guojin Zhang Hong Ma College of life sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Department of Biology 510 Mueller LaboratoryHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Angiosperms(flowering plants) are by far the most diverse land plant group with over 300,000 species. The sudden appearance of diverse angiosperms in the fossil record was referred to by Darwin as the “abominable mystery,”hence contributing to the heightened interest in angiosperm evolution. Angiosperms display wide ranges of morphological, physiological,and ecological characters, some of which have probably influenced their species richness. The evolutionary analyses of these characteristics help to address questions of angiosperm diversification and require well resolved phylogeny. Following the great successes of phylogenetic analyses using plastid sequences,dozens to thousands of nuclear genes from next-generation sequencing have been used in angiosperm phylogenomic analyses, providing well resolved phylogenies and new insights into the evolution of angiosperms. In this review we focus on recent nuclear phylogenomic analyses of large angiosperm clades, orders, families,and subdivisions of some families and provide a summarized Nuclear Phylogenetic Tree of Angiosperm Families. The newly established nuclear phylogenetic relationships are highlighted and compared with previous phylogenetic results. The sequenced genomes of Amborella,Nymphaea, Chloranthus, Ceratophyllum, and species of monocots, Magnoliids, and basal eudicots, have facilitated the phylogenomics of relationships among five major angiosperms clades. All but one of the 64 angiosperm orders were included in nuclear phylogenomics with well resolved relationships except the placements of several orders. Most families have been included with robust and highly supported placements, especially for relationships within several large and important orders and ***, we examine the divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses of angiosperm on the basis of the nuclear phylogenomic frameworks and discuss the differences compared with previous analyses. Furthermore,we discuss the implicatio

关键词： angiosperms evolution flowering plants nuclear gene phylogenomics phylogeny

A homing rescue gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs reaches high frequency in cage populations but generates functional resistance

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 836-843页

作者： Shibo Hou Jingheng Chen Ruobing Feng Xuejiao Xu Nan Liang Jackson Champer Center for Bioinformatics Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

CRISPR homing gene drives have considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant *** operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair,copying the drive allele to the wild-type chromosome and thus increasing in frequency and spreading throughout a ***,resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair pose a significant *** address this,we create a homing drive targeting the essential hairy gene in Drosophila *** resistance alleles are recessive lethal,while drive carriers have a recoded“rescue”version of *** drive inheritance rate is moderate,and multigenerational cage studies show drive spread to 96%–97%of the ***,the drive does not reach 100%due to the formation of functional resistance alleles despite using four *** alleles have a large deletion but likely utilize an alternate start ***,revised designs targeting more essential regions of a gene may be necessary to avoid such functional *** of the rescue element’s native 3'UTR with a homolog from another species increases drive inheritance by 13%–24%.This was possibly because of reduced homology between the rescue element and surrounding genomic DNA,which could also be an important design consideration for rescue gene drives.

关键词： Genedrive Homing drive Rescueelement Population modification Multiplexed gRNAs Resistance alleles Cage study

Novel concept of nano-additive design:PTFE@silica Janus nanoparticles for water lubrication

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Friction 2024年第2期12卷 258-270页

作者： Yanfei LIU Hailing HE Meng YANG Ruize ZHANG Shengtao YU Tiantian YANG Wenzhong WANG Fuxin LIANG School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Institute of Polymer Science&Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Center for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for life sciences Beijing 100084China College of Biological sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)has been widely used as a lubrication additive for reducing friction and wear;however,the hydrophobic nature of PTFE restricts its application in eco-friendly water-based lubrication *** this study,for the first time,we designed novel PTFE@silica Janus nanoparticles(JNs)to meet the requirement for additives in water-based lubricants,which have excellent dispersion stability in water attributed to the unique amphiphilic *** introducing the lubrication of the aqueous dispersion of the JNs with a concentration of 0.5 wt%,the coefficient of friction(COF)and wear volume were reduced by 63.8%and 94.2%,respectively,comparing to those with the lubrication of pure ***,the JNs suspension also exhibits better lubrication and wear-resistance performances comparing to commercial silica and PTFE *** excellent tribological behaviors of PTFE@silica JNs as nano-additives could be attributed to the synergetic effect of the two components,where the PTFE provided lubrication through the formed tribofilms on the friction pairs,and the rigid silica further enhanced the wear-resistance *** importantly,the unique structure of JNs makes it possible to use PTFE as an additive in water-lubrication *** study shed light on the design and application of novel JNs nanomaterials as additives to meet the requirements of future industrial applications.

关键词： Janus nanoparticles(JNs) polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) nano-additives friction lubrication

Long way up:rethink diseases in light of phase separattion and phase transition

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Protein & Cell 2024年第7期15卷 475-492页

作者： Mingrui Ding Weifan Xu Gaofeng Pei Pilong Li State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology&Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for life sciences Beijing 100084China NuPhase Therapeutics Beijing 100083China

Biomolecular condensation, driven by multivalency, serves as a fundamental mechanism within cells, facilitating the formation of distinct compartments, including membraneless organelles that play essential roles in various cellular processes. Perturbations in the delicate equilibrium of condensation, whether resulting in gain or loss of phase separation, have robustly been associated with cellular dysfunction and physiological disorders. As ongoing research endeavors wholeheartedly embrace this newly acknowledged principle, a transformative shift is occurring in our comprehension of disease. Consequently, significant strides have been made in unraveling the profound relevance and potential causal connections between abnormal phase separation and various diseases. This comprehensive review presents compelling recent evidence that highlight the intricate associations between aberrant phase separation and neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Additionally, we provide a succinct summary of current efforts and propose innovative solutions for the development of potential therapeutics to combat the pathological consequences attributed to aberrant phase separation.

关键词： multivalency compartments aberant phase separation therapeutics gain or loss of phase separation diseases

Picroside II promotes HSC apoptosis and inhibits the cholestatic liver fibrosis in Mdr2^(−/−)mice by polarizing M1 macrophages and balancing immune responses

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第7期22卷 582-598页

作者： JIA Kexin MA Zhi ZHANG Yinhao XIE Kaihong LI Jianan WU Jianzhi QU Jiaorong LI Fanghong LI Xiaojiaoyang School of life sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

Liver fibrosis is characterized by chronic inflammatory responses and progressive fibrous scar *** play a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis by reconstructing the immune *** II(PIC II),extracted from Picrorhizae Rhizoma,has demonstrated therapeutic potential for various liver ***,the mechanisms by which macrophage polarization initiates immune cascades and contributes to the development of liver fibrosis,and whether this process can be influenced by PIC II,remain *** the current study,RNA sequencing and multiple molecular approaches were utilized to explore the underlying mechanisms of PIC II against liver fibrosis in multidrug-resistance protein 2 knockout(Mdr2^(−/−))*** findings indicate that PIC II activates M1-polarized macrophages to recruit natural killer cells(NK cells),potentially via the CXCL16-CXCR6 ***,PIC II promotes the apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells(aHSCs)and enhances the cytotoxic effects of NK cells,while also reducing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Notably,the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects associated with PIC II were largely reversed by macrophage depletion in Mdr2^(−/−)***,our research suggests that PIC II is a potential candidate for halting the progression of liver fibrosis.

关键词： Liver fibrosis Picroside II M1 macrophage Hepatic stellate cell Natural killer cell Neutrophil

Sounding the alarm:Functionally referential signaling in Azure-winged Magpie

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 35-41页

作者： Xingyi Jiang Yanyun Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Functionally referential signals are a complex form of communication that conveys information about the external *** signals have been found in a range of mammal and bird species and have helped us understand the complexities of animal *** are well known for their extraordinary cognitive abilities,but relatively little attention has been paid to their vocal ***,we investigated the functionally referential signals of a cooperatively breeding corvid species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus).Through field observations,we suggest that Azure-winged Magpie uses referential alarm calls to distinguish two types of threats:’rasp’ calls for terrestrial threats and ’chatter’ calls for aerial threats.A playback experiment revealed that Azure-winged Magpies responded to the two call types with qualitatively different *** sought cover by flying into the bushes in response to the ’chatter’ calls,and flew to or stayed at higher positions in response to ’rasp’ calls,displaying a shorter response time to ’chatter’ *** differences in acoustic structure were found between the two types of *** the extensive cognitive abilities of corvids and the fact that referential signals were once thought to be unique to primates,these findings are important for expanding our understanding of social communication and language evolution.

关键词： Alarm call Animal communication Azure-winged Magpie Referential signal

A neural m^(6)A pathway regulates behavioral aggregation in migratory locusts

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1242-1254页

作者： Xianliang Huang Qing Li Yanan Xu Ang Li Shanzheng Wang Yusheng Chen Chunrui Zhang Xia Zhang Hailin Wang Cong Lv Baofa Sun Shaoqin Li Le Kang Bing Chen School of life Science Institutes of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Health sciences Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

RNA N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),as the most abundant modification of messenger RNA,can modulate insect behaviors,but its specific roles in aggregation behaviors remain ***,we conducted a comprehensive molecular and physiological characterization of the individual components of the methyltransferase and demethylase in the migratory locust Locusta *** results demonstrated that METTL3,METTL14 and ALKBH5 were dominantly expressed in the brain and exhibited remarkable responses to crowding or *** individual knockdown of methyltransferases(i.e.,METTL3 and METTL14)promoted locust movement and conspecific attraction,whereas ALKBH5 knockdown induced a behavioral shift toward the solitary ***,global transcriptome profiles revealed that m^(6)A modification could regulate the orchestration of gene expression to fine tune the behavioral aggregation of *** summary,our in vivo characterization of the m^(6)A functions in migratory locusts clearly demonstrated the crucial roles of the m^(6)A pathway in effectively modulating aggregation behaviors.

关键词： RNA methylation N^(6)-methyladenosine transcriptional orchestration aggregation behavior Locusta migratoria