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Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 637-646页

作者： Yan Shen Tongran Wu Aiping Lian Jie Gao Fei Peng Guohua Song Xuefang Wu Yangyang Cui Xinyu Liu Yunfei Wan Jing Yan Yifeng Xue National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100091China

This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution *** results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle *** data shows that traffic flow in central beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"National V"or higher emission ***,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is *** on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle *** a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of beijing.

关键词： Motor vehicle Air pollutant Emission characteristics Control strategy beijing

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Distributed Multicircular Circumnavigation Control for UAVs with Desired Angular Spacing

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 429-446页

作者： Shixiong Li Xingling Shao Wendong Zhang Qingzhen Zhang National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology School of Instrument and ElectronicsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100086China

This paper addresses a multicircular circumnavigation control for UAVs with desired angular spacing around a nonstationary *** defining a coordinated error relative to neighboring angular spacing,under the premise that target information is perfectly accessible by all nodes,a centralized circular enclosing control strategy is derived for multiple UAVs connected by an undirected graph to allow for formation behaviors concerning the moving ***,to avoid the requirement of target’s states being accessible for each UAV,fixed-time distributed observers are introduced to acquire the state estimates in a fixed-time sense,and the upper boundary of settling time can be determined offline irrespective of initial properties,greatly releasing the burdensome communication ***,with the aid of fixed-time distributed observers,a distributed circular circumnavigation controller is derived to force all UAVs to collaboratively evolve along the preset circles while keeping a desired angular *** is inferred from Lyapunov stability that all errors are demonstrated to be *** are offered to verify the utility of proposed protocol.

关键词： Angular spacing Distributed observer Multicircular circumnavigation Moving target UAVs

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Cambricon-QR:a sparse and bitwise reproducible quantized training accelerator

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High Technology Letters 2024年第1期30卷 52-60页

作者：李楠 ZHAO Yongwei ZHI Tian LIU Chang DU Zidong HU Xing LI Wei ZHANG Xishan LI Ling SUN Guangzhong School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100086P.R.China Cambricon Tech.Ltd Beijing 100191P.R.China Institute of Software Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100086P.R.China

Quantized training has been proven to be a prominent method to achieve deep neural network training under limited computational *** uses low bit-width arithmetics with a proper scaling factor to achieve negligible accuracy ***-Q is the ASIC design proposed to efficiently support quantized training,and achieves significant performance ***,there are still two caveats in the ***,Cambricon-Q with different hardware specifications may lead to different numerical errors,resulting in non-reproducible behaviors which may become a major concern in critical ***,Cambricon-Q cannot leverage data sparsity,where considerable cycles could still be squeezed *** address the caveats,the acceleration core of Cambricon-Q is redesigned to support fine-grained irregular data *** new design not only enables acceleration on sparse data,but also enables performing local dynamic quantization by contiguous value ranges(which is hardware independent),instead of contiguous addresses(which is dependent on hardware factors).Experimental results show that the accuracy loss of the method still keeps negligible,and the accelerator achieves 1.61×performance improvement over Cambricon-Q,with about 10%energy increase.

关键词： quantized training sparse accelerator Cambricon-QR

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Comparative Effectiveness of Mobile Health-Based Comprehensive Smoking Cessation Modalities and Traditional Clinic-Delivered Treatments—beijing Municipality,China,May 2022 to April 2024

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China CDC weekly 2024年第22期6卷 516-521页

作者： Shuilian Chu Hang Jing Di Zhang Yuan Cao Yunliang Qian Xiurong Liu Lin Xiao Zhaohui Tong Lirong Liang Department of Research on Tobacco Dependence Therapies Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control BeijingChina Tobacco Control Office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Most Chinese smokers have not accessed professional help due to a lack of sufficient smoking cessation *** health(mHealth)can mitigate obstacles related to time and transportation,thereby providing effective support for smokers seeking to *** is added by this report?This study offers real-world evidence supporting the effectiveness of mHealth-based comprehensive smoking cessation *** findings indicate that these modalities can significantly enhance abstinence rates,albeit to a lesser extent compared to traditional clinicbased *** to the intervention was identified as a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of smoking cessation *** are the implications for public health practice?The mHealth-based comprehensive smoking cessation modalities,with or without mailing cessation medications,present a promising approach to enhancing access to and utilization of smoking cessation *** strategy addresses the significant challenge of limited smoking cessation resources in China.

关键词： smoke Health thereby

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Utilizing EMR Data for Smoking Behavior Surveillance in Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Its Impact on Clinical Outcomes—beijing Municipality,China,2014–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第22期6卷 530-534页

作者： Jiachen Li Jian Su Zhaohui Tong Lirong Liang Department of Clinical Epidemiology Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina School of Economics Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?Smoking is the primary risk factor for a poor prognosis in chronic respiratory disease(CRD).Current tobacco surveillance efforts in China focus on the general population and do not adequately cover CRD *** is added by this report?We employed electronic medical records(EMR)to track smoking habits in 28,334 hospitalized CRD patients at beijing Chao-Yang *** rates of former and current smokers were 30.7%and 18.0%,*** former and current smokers exhibited an increased risk of respiratory symptoms and extended hospital *** are the implications for public health practice?These results underscore the importance of implementing smoking monitoring and targeted cessation interventions for hospitalized patients with CRDs.

关键词： respiratory prognosis smoke

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Use of evergreen and deciduous plants by nocturnal-roosting birds:A case study in beijing

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 211-218页

作者： Yexi Zhao Jiayu Zhang Zihan Li Qinmijia Xie Xin Deng Chenxi Zhang Nan Wang School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

With continually increasing urbanization,the land cover in urban areas continues to change,resulting in the loss of *** are highly sensitive to changes in *** forest birds perch on plants that provide increased safety to reduce the risk of predation,and small birds may also consider insulation when using roosting plants in winter because of cold *** plants thus shape the nocturnal roosting environment of urban birds,and proper planting is essential for the survival of birds at *** use of roosting plants by urban birds should therefore be studied to provide a reference for *** the current study,we observed 1865 nocturnal roosting birds in beijing from 2021 to 2022,with 23 species of birds from 12 families and 45 species of plants from 22 families *** chinensis exhibited the highest bird rarity-weighted richness,followed by Fraxinus pennsylvanica,Phyllostachys propinqua,Pinus tabuliformis,and Ulmus *** diameter at breast height,tree height,and crown width of plants used by birds was largest in summer and smallest in winter,and the perch height of birds was the highest in spring and summer and the lowest in *** used the highest proportion of deciduous plants in summer and the highest proportion of evergreen plants in winter.A significant seasonal difference in the use of evergreen and deciduous plants by small birds was noted,with a preference for deciduous plants in summer and evergreen plants in winter,while this preference was not found in large *** findings indicate that evergreen plants provide a vital nocturnal roosting environment for small birds in *** provide a better nocturnal roosting habitat for urban birds,we recommend paying attention to the combination of evergreen and deciduous plants when carrying out landscape construction.

关键词： Nocturnal roosting Roosting plant Seasonal variation Urban bird

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Comparison of Three Influenza Surveillance Data Sources for Timely Detection of Epidemic Onset — Chengdu City, Sichuan Province and beijing Municipality, China, 2017–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第36期6卷 918-923,I0004-I0006页

作者： Mingyue Pan Ying Shen Yao Wang Lu Long Xunbo Du Ying Sun Daitao Zhang Hui Yao Yonghong Liu Peng Yang Quanyi Wang Xiaoli Wang Liang Wang beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control BeijingChina beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases BeijingChina Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina

What is already known about this topic?The syndromic surveillance system,exemplified by the influenza-like illness(ILI)surveillance system,has long been crucial in providing early warnings of influenza *** is added by this report?The analysis revealed that employing reported influenza case data from the nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System(NIDRIS)enhanced the early detection of influenza epidemics,particularly within the context of multiple respiratory pathogens circulating *** are the implications for public health practice?The NIDRIS,characterized by its extensive coverage,obligatory reporting,high specificity,and real-time data transmission,offers a valuable tool for the effective early detection of influenza *** this system could enhance preparedness and responses to such health crises,potentially mitigating their impact on public health.

关键词： nationwide system specificity

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Identifying the Hydrochemical Characteristics,Genetic Mechanisms and Potential Human Health Risks of Fluoride and Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the Tongzhou District,beijing,North China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 468-476页

作者： ZHANG Shouchuan LIU Kai MA Yan WANG Luyao SUN Junliang Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Fluoride and nitrate enriched groundwater are potential threats to the safety of the groundwater supply that may cause significant effects on human health and public safety,especially in aggregated population areas and economic *** study focuses on the high F^(−)and NO_(3)^(−)concentration groundwater in Tongzhou District,beijing,North China.A total of 36 groundwater samples were collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics,elucidate genetic mechanisms and evaluate the potential human health *** results of the analysis indicate:Firstly,most of the groundwater samples are characterized by Mg-HCO_(3) and Na-HCO_(3) with the pH ranging from 7.19 to 8.28 and TDS with a large variation across the range 471-2337 mg/*** NO_(3)^(−)concentration in 38.89%groundwater samples and the F^(−)concentration in 66.67%groundwater samples exceed the permissible limited ***,F^(−)in groundwater originates predominantly from water-rock interactions and the fluorite dissolution,which is also regulated by cation exchange,competitive adsorption of HCO_(3)−and an alkaline ***,the effect of sewage disposal and agricultural activities have a significant effect on high NO3-concentration,while the high F^(−)concentration is less influenced by anthropogenic *** alkaline environment favors nitrification,thus being conducive to the production of NO_(3)^(−).Finally,the health risk assessment is evaluated for different population *** results indicate that high NO_(3)^(−)and F^(−)concentration in groundwater would have the largest threat to children’s *** findings of this study could contribute to the provision of a scientific basis for groundwater supply policy formulation relating to public health in Tongzhou District.

关键词： fluoride concentration nitrate pollution genetic mechanism health risk assessment Tongzhou District

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Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Towards Mpox and Associated Factors Among HIV-Infected Individuals—beijing Municipality,China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第7期6卷 109-117,I0001,I0002页

作者： Yue Gu Ruiqi Ren Jing Han Wenqing Bai Yuanyuan Zhang Haoliang Liu Zhaohe Li Chao Li Rui Song Lei Zhou Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina National Center for Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Institute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Nanjing Medical University Nanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Approximately 50%of patients with mpox are human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected *** have shown that individuals with advanced HIV infection tend to have more severe... 详细信息

关键词： mortality Infect clinical

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Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Circulating—beijing Municipality,China,2016–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第33期6卷 825-833页

作者： Mei Qu Ying Huang Bing Lyu Xin Zhang Yi Tian Zhaomin Feng Zhiyong Gao Daitao Zhang beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina

Introduction Highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky(***)of sequence type(ST)198 has emerged as a global multidrug-resistant(MDR)clone,posing a threat to public *** Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing was used to characterize the population structure and evolutionary history of 54 *** isolates recovered from food and human clinical cases in beijing from 2016 to *** All 54 *** ST198 isolates exhibited resistance to quinolones,carrying point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions(gyrA_S83F and parC_S80I).Resistance to other antibiotics(folate pathway inhibitors,cephems,aminoglycosides,phenicols,rifamycin,fosfomycin,macrolides,and tetracyclines),mediated by the sul1,sul2,dfrA14,blaCTX-M,blaTEM-1B,aac(3)-Id,aadA2,aadA7,aph(3')-I,aph(3'')-Ib,rmtB,floR,arr-2,fosA,mph(A),and tet(A)genes,was also observed in different *** beijing *** ST198 evolutionary tree was divided into clades 198.2-1 and 198.2-2,which were further differentiated into three subclades:198.2-2A,198.2-2B,and *** with the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-14b in 198.2-1,the co-existence of blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1B,as well as chromosomally located qnrS1,was detected in most 198.2-2 isolates,which showed more complex MDR *** ST198 outbreak isolates derived from two predominant clonal sources:198.2-1 with cgST236434 and 198.2-2A with *** The *** population in beijing is genetically diverse,consisting of multiple co-circulating lineages that have persisted since *** surveillance of food and humans will aid in implementing measures to prevent and control the spread of AMR.

关键词： Kentucky predominant Whole

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