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High performance in Zintl thermoelectrics via reduction in crystal field splitting energy

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science China Materials 2024年第10期67卷 3424-3425页

作者： Anustoop Das Kanishka Biswas New Chemistry Unit School of Advanced Materials and International Centre for Materials Science Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research(JNCASR)

Sustainable thermoelectric materials open an avenue of emission-free as well as fast-responding recycling of energy in terms of heat to *** efficiency （η） of such conversion is primarily guided by the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit （zT）,which depends on parameters like Seebeck coefficient （S）,electrical conductivity （σ）,and thermal conductivity（κ） at a given temperature （T）,which are adversely interrelated to each other （zT=S2σT/κ）[1,2].

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Transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： Michael R.Hamblin Laser research centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue *** started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive *** generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse *** the various body parts on which PBMT has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising *** has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMT can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

In-situ synthesis of quantum dots in the nucleus of live cells

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National science Review 2024年第3期11卷 172-182页

作者： Yusi Hu Zhi-Gang Wang Haohao Fu Chuanzheng Zhou Wensheng Cai Xueguang Shao Shu-Lin Liu Dai-Wen Pang State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition Research Centre for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Centre for Cell Responses Nankai University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

The cell nucleus is the main site for the storage and replication of genetic material, and the synthesis of substances in the nucleus is rhythmic, regular and strictly regulated by physiological processes. However,whether exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, can be synthesized in situ in the nucleus of live cells has not been reported. Here, we have achieved in-situ synthesis of CdSxSe1-xquantum dots（QDs） in the nucleus by regulation of the glutathione（GSH） metabolic pathway. High enrichment of GSH in the nucleus can be accomplished by the addition of GSH with the help of the Bcl-2 protein. Then, high-valence Se is reduced to low-valence Se by glutathione-reductase-catalyzed GSH, and interacts with the Cd precursor formed through Cd and thiol-rich proteins, eventually generating QDs in the nucleus. Our work contributes to a new understanding of the syntheses of substances in the cell nucleus and will pave the way for the development of advanced ‘supercells’.

关键词： glutathione live cell nucleus quantum dot intracellular synthesis

Inverse design of highly efficient and broadband mode splitter on SOI platform

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第1期22卷 59-64页

作者：廖俊鹏田野杨子荣徐豪达唐晨王钰恒张晓伟康哲 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China centre for Optical and Electromagnetic research College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Mode splitters that directly separate modes without changing their orders are highly promising to improve the flexibility of the mode-division multiplexing *** this paper,we design a high-performance mode splitter on the silicon-oninsulator platform with a compact footprint of 14μm×2.5μm using an inverse design method based on shape *** fabrication of this mode splitter requires only a single lithography step and exhibits good fabrication *** experimental results show that the proposed device exhibits state-of-the-art insertion loss(<0.9 dB)and cross talk(<-16 dB)over a broad bandwidth(1500-1600 nm).Furthermore,the shape optimization method used is implemented to design a dual-mode(de)multiplexer,and the experimental results fulfill the design objective,demonstrating the excellent generality of the design method in this paper.

关键词： integrated optics inverse design mode splitter

Reducing the vacancies associated with ferroelectric polarization to promote photocatalytic overall water splitting

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science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3258-3264页

作者： Haozhi Qi Yuyang Kang Jian-An Liu Lichang Yin Wenyu Zhang Shangyi Ma Jianhang Qiu Lingli Li Weijin Hu Lianzhou Wang Gang Liu Institute of Metal research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Nanomaterials centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland

Ferroelectric materials hold great promise in photocatalytic water splitting because their built-in electric field induced by the depolarization field can fulfill the separation of photogenerated ***,a number of intrinsic charged vacancy defects are simultaneously generated to screen the depolarized field for stabilizing the crystal structure,always resulting in severe recombination of photogenerated carriers and thus poor overall water splitting ***,we proposed a strategy to promote the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers of ferroelectric photocatalysts by adjusting the ferroelectric polarization and altering the coordination environment of elements to reduce the defect ***,we prepared a series of Ta-doped PbTiO3with low Pb(VPb) and O（VO） vacancy concentrations by reducing the polarization intensity and strengthening the Pb–O *** Ta-doped PbTiO3shows efficient charge separation and greatly enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with the assistance of *** work highlights the importance of regulating ferroelectric polarization and vacancy defect concentration by the doping strategy in charge separation for photocatalytic water splitting.

关键词： PbTiO3 ferroelectric polarization vacancy defect element doping photocatalytic overall water splitting

Surface activation of viscose textiles via air,argon,and oxygen dielectric barrier discharge plasma:influence of peak voltage

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第7期26卷 134-147页

作者： Shrouk ELASHRY Usama M.RASHED Mostafa A.WAHBA Hend M.AHMED Nabil M.ELSIRAGY Plasma Laboratory Physics DepartmentFaculty of scienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Physics Department Faculty of Science(Male)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Textile research Industrial Division National Research CentreDokkiGiza 12622Egypt

This paper discusses the use of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma treatment to enhance the surface qualities of viscose *** study explores the effects of different plasma gases,discharge voltages,and exposure times on the treated *** findings emphasize the importance of optimizing the plasma's peak voltage to achieve the desired surface treatment *** document also presents data on colour strength,wettability,colour fastness,and tensile strength of the treated fabrics,as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of surface morphology and chemical analysis using fouriertransition infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX).The results show that treatment at a peak voltage of 11.83 k V is more efficient,except for the tensile strength which is enhanced at a peak voltage of 8.92 k *** oxygen plasma treatment significantly improves the colour strength,which exhibits an increase from 11 to *** intensified colour was attributed to the significant influence of electrostatic interactions between the charged hydroxyl groups of the oxygen plasma treated viscose textiles and the dye molecules,which enhance the *** oxygen DBD plasma exhibits a higher ability to enhance the properties of textiles when compared to air and argon *** study presents a sustainable,economical,secure,and ecologically friendly approach to explore new fabrics for specific uses.

关键词： Lissajous diagrams printability wettability tensile strength SEM EDX FTIR

Laser‑Induced and MOF‑Derived Metal Oxide/Carbon Composite for Synergistically Improved Ethanol Sensing at Room temperature

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 210-220页

作者： Hyeongtae Lim Hyeokjin Kwon Hongki Kang Jae Eun Jang Hyuk‑Jun Kwon Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer science DGISTDaegu 42988South Korea Convergence research Advanced centre for Olfaction DGISTDaegu 42988South Korea

Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric ***,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing ***,previous methods of synthesizing MO_(x)/C composites suffer from problems,including inhomogeneity,aggregation,and challenges in ***,we introduce a refined method that employs a metal–organic framework(MOF)as a precursor combined with direct laser *** inherent structure of MOFs ensures a uniform distribution of metal ions and organic linkers,yielding homogeneous MO_(x)/C *** laser processing facilitates precise micropatterning(research opens up promising avenues for practical applications in MOF-derived sensing devices.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Metal oxide Carbon composite Laser Gas sensor

Multi‑omics integration identifies regulatory factors underlying bovine subclinical mastitis

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 987-1007页

作者： Mengqi Wang Naisu Yang Mario Laterriere David Gagne Faith Omonijo Eveline M.Ibeagha‑Awemu Agriculture and Agri‑Food Canada Sherbrooke Research and Development CentreSherbrookeQCCanada Department of Animal science Universite LavalQuebec CityQCCanada Quebec research and Development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaQuebec CityQCCanada

Background Mastitis caused by multiple factors remains one of the most common and costly disease of the dairy ***-omics approaches enable the comprehensive investigation of the complex interactions between mul-tiple layers of information to provide a more holistic view of disease ***,this study investigated the genomic and epigenomic signatures and the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying subclinical mastitis by integrating RNA sequencing data(mRNA and lncRNA),small RNA sequencing data(miRNA)and DNA methylation sequencing data of milk somatic cells from 10 healthy cows and 20 cows with naturally occurring subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus *** Functional investigation of the data sets through gene set analysis uncovered 3458 biological process GO terms and 170 KEGG pathways with altered activities during subclinical mastitis,provided further insights into subclin-ical mastitis and revealed the involvement of multi-omics signatures in the altered immune responses and impaired mammary gland productivity during subclinical *** abundant genomic and epigenomic signatures with sig-nificant alterations related to subclinical mastitis were observed,including 30,846,2552,1276 and 57 differential methylation haplotype blocks(dMHBs),differentially expressed genes(DEGs),lncRNAs(DELs)and miRNAs(DEMs),***,5 factors presenting the principal variation of differential multi-omics signatures were *** important roles of Factor 1(DEG,DEM and DEL)and Factor 2(dMHB and DEM),in the regulation of immune defense and impaired mammary gland functions during subclinical mastitis were *** of the omics within Factors 1 and 2 explained about 20%of the source of variation in subclinical ***,networks of impor-tant functional gene sets with the involvement of multi-omics signatures were demonstrated,which contributed to a comprehensive view of the possible regu

关键词： Candidate discriminant multi-omics signature Gene Long non-coding RNA Methylation haplotype block MicroRNA Multi-omics integration Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway

Back to the future:Some similarities and many differences between autism spectrum disorder and early onset *** to pathophysiology?

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science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2476-2477页

作者： Francisco Xavier Castellanos New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York NY 10016USA Nathan Kline Institute for psychiatric research Orangeburg NY 10962USA

In the first issue of the recently launched journal,Medicine Plus,Lu et al.[1]report on a remarkable effort encompassing nearly 600 young participants examined at five centers in *** focus was on the first episode early-onset schizophrenia(EOS;onset before age 18 years)and autism spectrum disorder(ASD),contrasted to each other and healthy controls(HC).Historically,autism was initially considered a form of infantile schizophrenia,although it was differentiated from early-onset schizophrenia as early as 1955 by Eisenberg and Kanner[2].

关键词： schizophrenia al. spectrum