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Diffraction limit of light in curved space

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 235-243页

作者： JINGXUAN ZHANG CHENNI XU PATRICK SEBBAH LI-GANG WANG School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Physics The Jack and Pearl Resnick Institute for Advanced TechnologyBar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 5290002Israel

Overcoming the diffraction limit is crucial for obtaining high-resolution images and observing fine microstructures.With this conventional difficulty still puzzling us and the prosperous development of wave dynamics of light interacting with gravitational fields in recent years,how spatial curvature affects the diffraction limit is an attractive and important question.Here we investigate the issue of the diffraction limit and optical resolution on two-dimensional curved space—surfaces of revolution(SORs)with constant or variable spatial curvature.We show that the diffraction limit decreases and the resolution is improved on SORs with positive Gaussian curvature,opening a new avenue to super-resolution.The diffraction limit is also influenced by the propagation direction,as well as the propagation distance in curved space with variable spatial curvature.These results provide a possible method to control the optical resolution in curved space or equivalent waveguides with varying refractive index distribution and may allow one to detect the presence of the nonuniform strong gravitational effect by probing locally the optical resolution.

关键词： limit curved curvature

Measures of Relative and Absolute Convergence and Pro-poor Growth with an Illustration based on China(2010–2018)

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China & World Economy 2024年第2期32卷 1-41页

作者： Elena Bárcena-Martin Jacques Silber Yuan Zhang Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Universidad de MálagaSpain Department of Economics Bar-Ilan UniversityIsrael China Center for Economic Studies Fudan UniversityChina

Income mobility is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distributional change.Some economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor benefit more than the rich from economic growth by tracking the extent of income mobility among different population subgroups.There is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of convergence.This paper introduces population-weighted relative and absolute indices of mobility,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes between anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these issues.The empirical analysis is based on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–2018.In both absolute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income but only for lower income deciles in relative terms.There was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger individuals.The welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the nonpoor.These results shed light on the evolution of income distribution in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.

关键词： anonymous and nonanonymous approach convergence exchange and structural mobility pro-poor growth

What can we learn from the history of aging research?

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2024年第2期6卷 4-5页

作者： Ilia Stambler Department of Science Technology and SocietyBar-Ilan UniversityRamat Gan 5290002Israel

There is currently a massive movement advocating for the enhancement of biomedical research on aging,sometimes referred to as“longevity advocacy”or“longevity activism”[1].The principal argument of the longevity advocacy movement is that the therapies developed by biomedical research of aging should enable us to directly intervene in the aging process and thus prevent multiple aging-related diseases,thereby extending healthy longevity.

关键词： thereby aging argument

Photovoltaphores: pharmacophore models for identifying metal-free dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1348-1364页

作者： Hadar Binyamin Hanoch Senderowitz Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan5290002Israel

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are cost-effective,sustainable,and versatile electricity producers,allowing them to be incorporated into a variety of devices.In this work,we explore the usage of pharmacophore modeling to identify metal-free dyes for DSSCs by means of virtual screening.Pharmacophore models were built based on experimentally tested sensitizers.Virtual screening was performed against a large dataset of commercially available compounds taken from the ZINC15 library and identified multiple virtual hits.A subset of these hits was subjected to DFT and time-dependent-DFT calculations leading to the identification of two compounds,TSC6 and ASC5,with appropriate molecular orbitals energies,favorable localization,and reasonable absorption UV–vis spectra.These results suggest that pharmacophore models,traditionally used in drug discovery and lead optimization,successfully predicted electronic properties,which are in agreement with the theoretical requirements for sensitizers.Such models may therefore find additional usages as modeling tools in materials sciences.

关键词： versatile traditionally usage

Predictors of recurrent bile duct stone after clearance by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:A case-control study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 50-55页

作者： Wisam Sbeit Anas Kadah Matta Simaan Amir Shahin Tawfik Khoury Department of Gastroenterology Galilee Medical CenterNahariyaIsrael Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee Bar-Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael

Background:Recurrent common bile duct(CBD)stone is a long-term sequalae among patients who un-derwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with CBD stone extraction.Data regard-ing risk factors for recurrent CBD stone are scarce.We aimed to identify predictors of recurrent CBD stone.Methods:We performed a retrospective case-controlled study from January 2010 to December 2019.In-clusion criteria included patients who had recurrent CBD stone at least 6 months after the index ERCP,in which complete stone extraction was performed and normal cholangiogram was obtained.Overall,457 patients were included.Forty-two patients(9.2%)had recurrent CBD stone,and 415 patients(90.8%)did not have recurrent CBD stone.Results:In univariate analysis,male sex[odds ratio(OR)=0.49,P=0.033]was a protective factor,while endoscopic stone extraction by basket vs.balloon(OR=2.55,P=0.005),older age(OR=1.03,P=0.003),number of CBD stones(OR=1.99,P=0.037),size of CBD stone(OR=4.06,P=0.003)and mechanical lithotripsy(OR=9.22,P=0.004)were risk factors for recurrent CBD stone.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,mechanical lithotripsy[OR=9.73,95%confidence interval(CI):1.69-55.89,P=0.010],basket clearance vs.combined basket and balloon(OR=18.25,95%CI:1.05-318.35,P=0.046)and older age(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.00-1.05,P=0.023)were risk factors,and male sex(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.19-0.81,P=0.012)was a protective factor.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Common bile duct Stone Recurrence

Endoscopic ultrasound role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment:A review focusing on technical success,safety and efficacy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第3期28卷 332-347页

作者： Wisam Sbeit Bertrand Napoléon Tawfik Khoury Department of Gastroenterology Galilee Medical CenterFaculty of Medicine in the GalileeBar-Ilan UniversityNahariya 2221006Israel

The impressive technological advances in recent years have rapidly translated into the shift of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)from diagnostic modality into an interventional and therapeutic tool.Despite the great advance in its diagnosis,the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases are inoperable when diagnosed,thus demanding alternative optional therapies.EUS has emerged as an easy,minimally invasive modality targeting this carcinoma with different interventions that have been reported recently.In this review we summarize the evolving role of interventional therapeutic EUS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma management.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Pancreas Cancer Management Palliative

Design of advanced aerogel structures for oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

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SusMat 2023年第1期3卷 44-57页

作者： Leigh Peles-Strahl Yeela Persky Lior Elbaz Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael Soreq NRC YavneIsrael

Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is considered the bottleneck reaction in fuel cells.Its sluggish kinetics requires the use of scarce and expensive platinum group metal(PGM)catalysts.Significant efforts have been invested in trying to find a PGM-free catalyst to replace Pt for this reaction or reduce its loadings.One interesting family of materials that has shown great promise in doing so is aerogels,which are based on covalent frameworks.The aerogels’high surface area and porosity enable good mass transport and high catalyst utilization that is expected to lower PGM loadings or replacing them completely.This review summarizes recent research in this field,introducing methods of using aerogels as cathodes for ORR,from carbon to metal aerogels.The catalytic sites vary from nanoparticles to atomically dispersed metal ions embedded in carbon aerogels that form all-in-one platform which can serve as both the support and the catalyst.

关键词： aerogels catalyst supports electrocatalysis fuel cells oxygen reduction reaction

Surface acoustic wave photonic filters with a single narrow radio-frequency passband in standard silicon on insulator

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Photonics Research 2022年第7期10卷 1723-1730页

作者： MOSHE KATZMAN MAAYAN PRIEL INbar SHAFIR SAAWAN KUMAR BAG DVIR MUNK NAOR INbar MOSHE FELDBERG TALI SHARABANI LEROY DOKHANIAN MATAN SLOOK AVI ZADOK Faculty of Engineering Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 5290002Israel Institute for Nano-Technology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 5290002Israel Soreq NRC Yavne 81800Israel Tower Semiconductors Migal Ha’Emek 2310502Israel

Integrated microwave photonic filters are becoming increasingly important for signal processing within advanced wireless and cellular networks.Filters with narrow transmission passbands mandate long time delays,which are difficult to accommodate within photonic circuits.Long delays may be obtained through slow moving acoustic waves instead.Input radio-frequency information can be converted from one optical carrier to another via surface acoustic waves and filtered in the process.However,the transfer functions of previously reported devices consisted of multiple periodic passbands,and the selection of a single transmission band was not possible.In this work,we demonstrate surface acoustic wave,silicon-photonic filters of microwave frequency with a single transmission passband.The filter response consists of up to 32 tap coefficients,and the transmission bandwidth is only7 MHz.The results extend the capabilities of integrated microwave photonics in the standard silicon-on-insulator platform.

关键词： filters pass microwave

Non‑fungible tokens:a bubble or the end of an era of intellectual property rights

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 777-796页

作者： Elli Kraizberg School of Business Administration Bar Ilan University52520 Ramat GanIsrael

The viability of exponentially growing non-fungible token(NFT)market is evaluated by identifying potential value-generating mechanisms that can be rationalized.After identifying the value-generating mechanisms underlying the positive values of NFTs,this study establishes a pricing model for NFTs that follows a continuous-time financial framework.As NFTs are claimed to securitize“ownership rights short of use”,and as such they may potentially serve as a substitute for the need to rely replace the reliance on the legal protection provided by intellectual property rights(IPRs).Considering this issue,this study evaluates the likelihood that NFTs will replace existing mechanisms that protect producers’rightful claim to use their assets or the need to apply the legal code that governs IPRs.The financial condition for this potential shift is derived for a category of assets whose use or consumption does not reduce supply as the notion of scarcity does not apply.

关键词： Non-fungible tokens Intellectual property rights Status