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A body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis: a study of Japanese patients

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第6期16卷 645-651页

作者： Tsukasa Ikeura Kota Kato Makoto Takaoka Masaaki Shimatani Masanobu Kishimoto Kenichiro Nishi Shuji Kariya Kazuichi Okazaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan Department of Anesthesiology Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan Department of Radiology Kansai Medical University 2-5-1 Shinmachi Hirakata Osaka 5731010 Japan

BACKGROUND:In Asian population, there is limited infor mation on the relevance between obesity and poor outcomes in acute pancreatitis(AP). The objective of this study was to examine the clinical impact of obesity based on body mass index(BMI) on prognosis of AP in Japanese ***:A total of 116 patients with AP were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine relations between BMI and patients’ outcomes. Additionally, to investigate whether including obesity as a prognostic factor improved the predic tive accuracy of a Japanese prognostic factor score(PF score)a receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis of mortality was ***:Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that BMI ≥25 kg/m2was associated with a significant higher mor tality [odds ratio(OR)=15.8; 95% confidence interval(CI):1.1-227; P=0.043]. The area under the ROC curve(AUC) for the combination of PF score and BMI ≥25 kg/m2(AUC=0.881;95% CI:0.809-0.952) was higher than that for the PF score alone(AUC=0.820; 95% CI:0.713-0.927)(P=0.034).CONCLUSIONS:The negative impact of a high BMI on the prognosis of AP was confirmed in a Japanese population Including BMI ≥25 kg/m2 as an additional parameter to PF score enhanced the predictive value of the PF score for AP-related mortality.

关键词： acute pancreatitis obesity body mass index severity criteria prognostic factor score

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High-resolution Fourier spectroscopy as a tool for studying quality of rare-earth-doped crystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第3期32卷 230-235页

作者： Marina N.Popova Institute of Spectroscopy Russian Academy of Sciences 5 Fizicheskaya Str. 142190 Troitsk Moscow Russia

Three examples were considered of the use of high resolution Fourier-transform optical spectroscopy for studying quality of rare-earth-doped crystals. The first example was connected with defects present in crystals grown by flux techniques. The second example dealt with detection of stresses and deformations in rare-earth-containing crystals, by registering splitting of spectral lines. The third example showed that a very small amount （at the level ofppm） of different RE ions present in a crystal could be determined using high-resolution spectroscopy. This work was carried out by the author＇s group in collaboration with several institutions in Rus- sia and abroad.

关键词： Fourier-transform optical spectroscopy high resolution absorption spectra rare earths

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OCTNs:Will the real IBD5 gene please stand up?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3678-3681页

作者： Mark S Silverberg Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Centre Departments of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Toronto441-600 University AvenueTorontoON M5G 1X5Canada

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with a substantial heritable component. The IBD5 region on chromosome 5q31 is one of only two loci widely confirmed to be associated with Crohn's disease in multiple independent cohorts. Although many populations have demonstrated association with IBD5, there remains uncertainty as to the causal variant within the region. A recent report identified polymorphisms in SLC22A4 (OCTN1) and SLC22A5 (OCTN2) as being responsible for the IBD5 association, however, these findings have not been replicated. This review discusses the data evaluating the IBD5 locus and the OCTN genes and their relationship to inflammatory bowel disease. Several other genes, including IRF1 and P4HA2 may be equally as likely to contain the IBD5 causal variant as the OCTN genes.

关键词： IBD5 Inflammatory bowel disease

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Oestrogen-androgen crosstalk in the pathophysiology oferectile dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第4期5卷 307-313页

作者： B Srilatha PG Adaikan Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology National University of Singapore 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology National University of Singapore 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074

Ageing in man is associated with a decline in testosterone following changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis. This may offset the physiologic equilibrium between oestrogen and androgen and at some point when the ratio of free testosterone to oestradiol reaches a critical level, the oestrogenic gonadotropin suppressive effect predominates with decreased release of FSH and LH. Adding to this endocrinal complexity is the continued peripheral conversion to oestradiol through aromatisation. Although the androgen deficiency is not the sole cause for impotence in the elderly, there is a gradual decrease in nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and spontaneous morning erections with ageing. Despite the age related increase in oestrogen levels, the information on the pathophysiological role of the 'female hormone' in erectile dysfunction has been scanty. Together with our identification of oestrogen receptors within the penile cavernosum, we have delineated dysfunctional changes on male erection mediated by oestradiol. These findings parallel the recent concerns over environmental oestrogens on fertility declines in young men. Oestrogenic activity is also present in plants and thereby in human diet. These phytoestrogens are structurally and functionally similar to oestradiol and more potent than the environmental oestrogenic chemicals such as organochlorine and phenolic compounds. Thus in the light of growing concerns of possible compromising effects on sexuality by endogenous and environmental oestrogens, we are faced with the scientific need to delineate their role on the mechanism of male erectile pathway in health and disease for clinical correlates and prognostics.

关键词： oestrogen environmental oestrogens oestrogen receptor testosterone functional crosstalk erectile dysfunction

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Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow and eddy formation in fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： Scott Briggs Bryan W. Karney Brent E. Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The effect of roughness on flow in fractures was investigated using lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).Simulations were conducted for both statistically generated hypothetical fractures and a natural dolomite fracture. The effect of increasing roughness on effective hydraulic aperture, Izbash and Forchheimer parameters with increasing Reynolds number(Re) ranging from 0.01 to 500 was examined. The growth of complex flow features, such as eddies arising near the fracture surface, was directly associated with changes in surface roughness. Rapid eddy growth above Re values of 1, followed by less rapid growth at higher Re values, suggested a three-zone nonlinear model for flow in rough fractures. This three-zone model, relating effective hydraulic conductivity to Re, was also found to be appropriate for the simulation of water flow in the natural dolomite fracture. Increasing fracture roughness led to greater eddy volumes and lower effective hydraulic conductivities for the same Re values.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Fracture roughness Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Deciphering 3D periodontal fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk in bioactive nanoparticle-guided immunomodulation for treating traumatic dental avulsion

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第11期41卷 400-412页

作者： Hadagalu Revana Siddappa Rajeshwari Emily Bishop Aiman Ali Anil Kishen The Kishen Lab Dental Research InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5G 1G6Canada Faculty of Dentistry University of TorontoTorontoONM5G 1G6Canada Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Medicine Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto124 Edward StreetTorontoOntario M5G 1G6Canada Department of Dentistry Mount Sinai Health SystemMount Sinai HospitalTorontoONM5G 1X5Canada

Prolonged extra-oral period in dental avulsion is often associated with loss of viability of Periodontal fibroblasts (PDLF) and increased risk of ankylosis. Root surface treatment with bioactive agents to reduce the risk of ankylosis can be a potential strategy. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of an engineered chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP), photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) functionalized CSNP (CSRB) and sustained dexamethasone (CSDEX) releasing CSNP for application in management of delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. The 3D PDLF-macrophage (Mϕ) collagen model was developed and exposed to LPS, MCSF, RANKL with and without CSDEX/CSNP. Immunofluorescence and cytokine analysis was done at 2 and 7 days to assess cellular interactions. Maxillary right incisors in male Wistar rats were extracted, exposed to extraoral dry or LPS for 1 h and treated with or without CSDEX/CSRB for 1 min before replantation. Rats were euthanized after 21 days for micro-CT, TRAP, and immunofluorescence analysis. CSDEX/CSNP treatment in 3D model significantly reduced CD80, NFATc1, STAT6 and increased CD206 and periostin expression (p 5). TNFα, MMP9 was downregulated and IL10, TGFβ1, MMP2 upregulated with CSDEX/CSNP (p 5). CSDEX/CSRB in animal study significantly reduced resorption, ankylosis, TRAP activity and osteocalcin expression and increased periostin (p5). CSDEX demonstrated higher anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating TNFα, while CSNP upregulated TGFβ1, periostin, and downregulated MMP9. The combination of matrix stabilization with CSRB with periostin upregulation and sustained releasing CSDEX showed potential for hampering root resorption and ankylosis in dental avulsion.

关键词： Root resorption Chitosan nanoparticles Immunomodulation Periodontal fibroblasts Macrophages

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Relation between Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Ultrahigh-Strength Mortar with Mixed Silicon Carbide as Fine Aggregate

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2001年第5期17卷 579-580页

作者： Research Notes H.Suto Tohoku University, Aoba-Hachiman 5-4-12, Sendai, 980-0871, Japan Tohoku Univ. Sendai 980-0871 Aoba-Hachiman 5-4-12 Japan

Ultrahigh-strength mortar mixed surface-oxidized silicon carbide as a fine aggregate was prepared by means of press-casting followed by curing in an autoclave. The relation between modulus of elssticity up to 111 GPa and compressive strength up to 360 MPa of mortar mixed silicon carbide was discussed and it was revealed that the contributions of the aggregate hardness and of the interfacial strength between the aggregate and the cement paste on the elasticity of mortar were imporant.

关键词： high Relation between Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Ultrahigh-Strength Mortar with Mixed Silicon Carbide as Fine Aggregate SIC

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On Problems with Downscaling in Internal Flows

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第4期14卷 305-307页

作者： Rudolf DVO■K Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicDolejskova 5Prague 18200 Czech Republic

Problems that may accompany downscaling in internal flows are discussed. Non-dimensional similarity parameters （like Re, M, etc.） depend on parameters that scale down fully （e.g., length）, or that are specified by design （velocities, cascade geometry）, or that are scale invariant （like thermophysical and transport properties of fluids）.This fact has to be taken into acount in the similarity considerations. With decreasing Reynolds number the surface forces become of growing importance, however, if not going down directly to microflows the main problems are connected with the three-dimensional flow structure affecting the skin friction, and with the fact that some of the flow phenomena （e.g. vortical structures） cannot fully develop.

关键词： relatively narrow channels secondary flows skin friction microturbines.

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A novel feature extraction methodology using Siamese convolutional neural networks for intrusion detection

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 847-859页

作者： Serafeim Moustakidis Patrik Karlsson AIDEAS OU Narva mnt 5TallinnHarju maakondEstonia

Intrusion detection systems(IDS)can play a significant role in detecting security threats or malicious attacks that aim to steal information and/or corrupt network *** deal with the dynamic and complex nature of cyber-attacks,advanced intelligent tools have been applied resulting into powerful and automated IDS that rely on the latest advances of machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL).Most of the reported effort has been devoted on building complex ML/DL architectures adopting a brute force approach towards the maximization of their detection ***,just a limited number of studies have focused on the identification or extraction of user-friendly risk indicators that could be easily used by security *** papers have explored various dimensionality reduction algorithms,however a large number of selected features is still required to detect the attacks successfully,which humans cannot intuitively or immediately *** enhance user’s trust and understanding on data without sacrificing on accuracy,this paper contributes to the transformation of the available data collected by IDS into a single actionable and easy-to-understand risk *** achieve this,a novel feature extraction pipeline was implemented consisting of the following components:(i)a fuzzy allocation scheme that transforms raw data to fuzzy class memberships,(ii)a novel modality transformation mechanism for converting feature vectors to images(Vec2im)and(iii)a dimensionality reduction module that makes use of Siamese convolutional neural networks that finally reduces the input data dimensionality into a 1-d feature *** performance of the proposed methodology was validated with respect to detection accuracy,dimensionality reduction performance and execution time on the NSL-KDD dataset via a thorough comparative analysis that demonstrated its effectiveness(86.64%testing accuracy using only one feature)over a number of well-known feature selection(FS)and extracti

关键词： Feature extraction Siamese convolutional neural networks Machine learning Intrusion detection

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Deformation‑Induced Strengthening Mechanism in a Newly Designed L‑40 Tool Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第1期36卷 21-34页

作者： Yuan Tian Kanwal Chadha Clodualdo Aranas Jr Voestalpine Additive Manufacturing Centre Ltd MississaugaON L5N 7Y3Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada

The microstructural and mechanical properties of a newly designed tool steel(L-40),specifcally designed to be employed in the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technique,were *** pool boundaries with submicron dendritic structures and about 14%retained austenite phase were evident after *** grain orientation after high cooling rate solidifcation is mostlyα∥building direction(BD).Then,the heat treatment converted the microstructure into a conventional martensitic phase,reduced the retained austenite to about 1.5%,and increasedα∥BD *** heat-treated sample exhibits higher tensile strength(1720±14 MPa)compared to the as-printed sample(1540±26 MPa)along the building direction,mainly due to hardening caused by a lower volume fraction of retained austenite phase and precipitation of *** a consequence of the strength-to-ductility trade-of,the heat-treated sample showed lower elongation(10%±2%)than that of the as-printed sample(18%±2%).It was observed that transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)occurs in both the as-printed and heat-treated samples during tensile testing,which dynamically transforms the retained austenite into martensite,leading to improved *** minimum driving force to initiate the displacive phase transformation is about 6000 J/mol,which was achieved during tensile *** strength and ductility of LPBF-produced L-40 were compared with the other LPBF-produced tool steels in literature;the data indicate that heat-treated L-40 has an excellent combination of strength and ductility complemented with high printability.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Laser powder bed fusion L-40 tool steel Phase transformation

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