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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第7期14卷 493-506页

作者： Hassan Rashid Ali Seif Hamad Khalfan Haji Mwevura Haji Said Suleiman Bakari School of Natural and Social Sciences The State University of Zanzibar Zanzibar Tanzania Tropical Research Centre for Oceanography Environment and Natural Resources The State University of Zanzibar Zanzibar Tanzania

Levels of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediments collected in July 2017, a week after tanks oil leak in the bay of Wesha Peninsular, Pemba Island are reported. Four sampling points were chosen alongside the mangroves where a total of twenty samples were collected during the low tides. Eight PAHs were detected with concentrations ranging from ND to 53.42 ng/g (dw). Total PAHs in sediments was 158.38 ng⋅g-1. Phenanthrene residues (lower molecular weight) were dominant followed by pyrene (higher molecular weight PAHs) accounting for 90% and 40% detection frequencies, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the concentrations of PAHs among sites (p < 0.05, ANOVA). Vertical distribution of PAHs shows no definite patterns with sediment depth, however, composition patterns of PAHs along sediment depth indicate that higher molecular weight PAHs tend to remain in middle layer (2 - 4 cm). The results advocate the needs of proper monitoring to avoid the possible consequences to the public health.

关键词： PAHs POPs Sediments Marine Pollution Wesha

Assessing Factors for Occurrence of Road Accidents in tanzania Using Panel Data Analysis: Road Safety Perspective

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第1期12卷 123-136页

作者： Ndume Vitalis Angela-Aida Karugila Runyoro Majige Selemani Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Institute of Transport Dar es Salaam Tanzania bank of tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This study assessed critical factors for road traffic accidents and associated mitigation to reduce the accidents by the year 2030. The study was guided by research questions, what are the major causatives of road accidents and how to mitigate the problem. The study used secondary data collected from the repository database of traffic police at the division of tanzania Road Safety Squad. Data were collected at the events of accident occurrences and reported annually by regions. Panel data analysis was used to allow for controlling variables which cannot be observed over time and across areas such as regions. Pooled Poisson model, fixed effect and random effect Poisson model was applied to assess factors for road traffic accidents. Fixed effect model was the best model with a reasonably good fit. Results indicated that all predictors are significant under fixed effect Poisson model with a p-value less than 0.05 but Passengers and Railway crossing road was found insignificant and dropped in the final model. Laws and regulatory frameworks should be formulated and enforced promptly for Tanzania may reach the target of 2nd decade of action for roads safety 2021-2030.

关键词： Road Accidents Panel Data Analysis Fatal Accidents Pedestrian Crossing Dangerous Driving Reckless Driving

Urban growth dynamics and expansion forms in 11 tanzanian cities from 1990 to 2020

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1985-2001页

作者： Neema Simon Sumari Fanan Ujoh Calvin Samwel Swai Muchen Zheng Department of Informatics and Information TechnologyCollege of Natural and Applied Sciences(CoNAS)Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Center for Sustainability and Resilient Infrastructure and Communities(SaRIC) London South Bank UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of GeoInformation Science and Earth Observation(ITC)University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China

With rapid urban expansion across tanzania,there is a need to institute steps to address factors and forms as well as impacts and challenges associated with the observed *** study’s aim is to use spatial urban landscape indices to analyze the spatial changes in urban forms,patterns,and rates across 11 urban centers in tanzania over a 30-year study period(1990–2020).During the past three decades,urban lands of 11 cities and town in tanzania have grown by a total of 480 *** growth was found as the most dominant form of urban expansion in tanzania while Dodoma,the capital city of tanzania,had the highest rate of urban expansion when compared to all other individual *** most robust and significant interaction of the AWMLEI and MLEI was found in Kigoma,Arusha,Mtwara,Mafinga,and Tunduma *** contrast,Mbeya agricultural city,Arusha the tourist city,Tabora,and Geita Lake zone areas did show their own peculiarities revealing an interesting spatial temporal variation in rate and form of *** outcome of this study reveals that the influence and management of economic and socio-cultural opportunities will be an effective tool for the determination of the rapidly expanding cities and towns of tanzania.

关键词： Urban growth indices drivers of urban forms urban forms and patterns landscape metrics tanzania

Urban sprawl and its impact on sustainable urban development:a combination of remote sensing and social media data

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第2期24卷 241-255,I0005页

作者： Zhenfeng Shao Neema S.Sumari Aleksei Portnov Fanan Ujoh Walter Musakwa Paulo J.Mandela State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Mathematics Informatics and Computational SciencesSolomon Mahlangu College of Science and EducationSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Department of Land Law and State Registration of Real Estate Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography(Miigaik)MoscowRussia Center for Sustainability and Resilient Infrastructure and Communities(SaRIC) London South Bank UniversityLondonUK eDepartment of Town and Regional Planning University of JohannesburgGautengSouth Africa Department of Lands and Geoscience Urban Development and Management Services Tanzania LimitedMorogoroTanzania

Urbanization is one of the most impactful human activities across the world today affecting the quality of urban life and its sustainable *** in Africa is occurring at an unprecedented rate and it threatens the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Urban sprawl has resulted in unsustainable urban development patterns from social,environmental,and economic *** study is among the first examples of research in Africa to combine remote sensing data with social media data to determine urban sprawl from 2011 to 2017 in Morogoro urban municipality,*** Forest(RF)method was applied to accomplish imagery classification and location-based social media(Twitter usage)data were obtained through a Twitter Application Programming Interface(API).Morogoro urban municipality was classified into built-up,vegetation,agriculture,and water land cover classes while the classification results were validated by the generation of 480 random *** the Kernel function,the study measured the location of Twitter users within a 1 km buffer from the center of the *** results indicate that,expansion of the city(built-up land use),which is primarily driven by population expansion,has negative impacts on ecosystem services because pristine grasslands and forests which provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and support for biodiversity have been replaced by built-up land *** addition,social media usage data suggest that there is the concentration of Twitter usage within the city center while Twitter usage declines away from the city center with significant spatial and numerical increase in Twitter usage in the study *** outcome of the study suggests that the combination of remote sensing,social sensing,and population data were useful as a proxy/inference for interpreting urban sprawl and status of access to urban services and infrastructure in Morogoro,and Africa city where data for urban plannin

关键词： Urbanization ecosystem services sustainable urban development remote sensing social media data Twitter Morogoro tanzania

Social perception of soil conservation benefits in Kondoa eroded area of tanzania

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第3期3卷 183-195页

作者： Rajendra P.Shrestha Paul J.Ligonja Asian Institute of Technology BangkokThailand Open University of tanzania Tanzania

A soil conservation project was implemented in tanzania for over 30 *** study applied a socio-economic approach to examine and analyse the benefits of soil conservation in the Kondoa eroded area of tanzania by conducting a household survey of 240 *** study findings show that 89%and 70%of respondents consider soil conservation activities have increased vegetation and soil fertility,*** soil erosion was perceived by 68%of respondents,increased firewood by 98%,increased fodder by 50%,high crop yields by 56%,and food sufficiency by 68%.These are the outcomes of conservation tillage,integrated farming and use of organic fertilizers,controlled stall feeding,agroforestry,construction of cut off drains,contour bunds and contour ridges cultivation,which are the main land use practices in the *** to extension services,household sizes,long term land ownership,crop incomes and awareness of soil conservation project were found to determine the level of participation in soil *** challenges are the lack of sustainability of those activities because of a recent policy decision to withdraw conservation *** the challenge,this study concluded that past government efforts on soil conservation activities initiated since the early 1970s through decentralization,institutional collaboration,socioeconomic support to farmers and continuous local community participation in restoring the degraded ecosystem of Kondoa have contributed to ensure environmental and socio-economic sustainability in the area.

关键词： Kondoa eroded area Environmental and livelihood sustainability Social perceptions Soil conservation

静电纺丝纳米炭纤维的电容去离子化技术用于海水淡化

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2022年第6期37卷 1066-1088页

作者： Bethwel K Tarus Yusufu A C Jande Karoli N Njau Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania Department of Manufacturing Industrial and Textile EngineeringMoi UniversityP.O Box3900EldoretKenya Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures(WISE-Futures)African Centre of Excellence The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyNelson Mandela RoadTengeruP.O.Box 9124Nelson MandelaArushaTanzania Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArusha P.O.Box 447Tanzania

电容去离子技术(CDI)已迅速发展成为极具前景的海水淡化方法之一,该技术主要通过在两个多孔电极之间施加电势,使水中的带电物质向电极表面移动,去除水中的盐分进行海水淡化。当离子可以在电极材料的多孔结构中畅通无阻地通过时,海水淡... 详细信息

电容去离子技术(CDI)已迅速发展成为极具前景的海水淡化方法之一,该技术主要通过在两个多孔电极之间施加电势,使水中的带电物质向电极表面移动,去除水中的盐分进行海水淡化。当离子可以在电极材料的多孔结构中畅通无阻地通过时,海水淡化的效果最佳。纳米结构的多孔炭材料具有较高的比表面积和表面活性,因此更有利运用CDI进行海水淡化。从这个意义上来说,高比表面积静电纺丝炭纳米纤维(CNFs)是非常理想的炭材料,可以在其表面进行掺杂/接枝活性剂增强表面特性。与传统的用粉状材料制备得到的电极不同,CNF可以无需使用黏合剂自支撑形成电极,从而避免了电极材料微观结构和导电性的改变。因此,中孔和微孔均匀分布的分层孔结构使得CNF电极具有较好的海水淡化性能。此外,CNFs与法拉第材料的复合材料可以通过双电层(EDL)和赝电容机制的协同作用进一步增强离子的存储能力。本文重点综述了在CDI工艺中静电纺丝CNFs电极的主要前驱体材料、结构改性及其在盐离子电吸附中的性能。

关键词：电容去离子作用海水淡化炭纳米纤维静电纺丝电吸附

Viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria co-infections among febrile patients seeking health care in tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第2期11卷 95-95页

作者： Sima Rugarabamu Susan F.Rumisha Gaspary O.Mwanyika Calvin Sindato Hee-Young Lim Gerald Misinzo Leonard E.G.Mboera SACIDS Foundation for One Health Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania 不详

Background:In recent years there have been reports of viral haemorrhagic fever(VHF)epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is *** and malaria have overlapping clinical presentations making diferential diagno‑sis a *** objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected zoonotic VHFs and malaria co-infections among febrile patients seeking health care in ***:This facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out between June and November 2018 in Buhigwe,Kalambo,Kyela,Kilindi,Kinondoni,Kondoa,Mvomero,and Ukerewe districts in *** study involved febrile patients seeking health care from primary healthcare *** samples were collected and tested for infections due to malaria,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever(CCHF),Ebola virus disease(EVD),Marburg virus disease(MVD),Rift Valley fever(RVF)and yellow fever(YF).Malaria infections were tested using rapid diagnostics tests while exposure to VHFs was determined by screening for immunoglobulin M antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immuno‑sorbent *** Chi-square test was used to compare the ***:A total of 308 participants(mean age=35±19 years)were involved in the *** these,54(17.5%)had malaria infection and 15(4.8%)were positive for IgM antibodies against VHFs(RVF=8;CCHF=2;EBV=3;MBV=1;YF=1).Six(1.9%)individuals had both VHF(RVF=2;CCHF=1;EVD=2;MVD=1)and malaria *** highest co-infection prevalence(0.6%)was observed among individuals aged 46‒60 years(Ptanzania and afect more the older than the younger *** the overlapping symptoms in co-inf

关键词： Malaria Viral haemorrhagic fevers Febrile illnesses Co-infection tanzania

Effects of Selected Pesticidal Plants on Termites Affecting Maize Production in Arusha, tanzania

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 510-527页

作者： Shaban James Patrick A. Ndakidemi Ernest R. Mbega Department of Sustainable Agriculture Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania African Development bank Capacity Building Project Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania

Investigations under laboratory and field conditions were carried out with purpose of understanding the effects of pesticides of Cupressus lusitanica, Tephrosia vogelii, Eucalpytus dalrympleana, Lantana camara and Azadirachta indica in the control of termites which affect maize production in Arusha, tanzania. Termites were collected before and during maize season of 2018 and identified at the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) laboratory. A total of 5279 out of 5307 termite species identified belong to genus Macrotermes, 23 species to genus Odontotermes and 5 species were unknown. The results entailed that the area is rich in species of genus Macrotermes. Moreover, concentrations i.e. 5 g, 10 g and 20 g of each botanical were tested for Macrotermes spp. mortality and repellency ability in the laboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results showed that 98.33% Macrotermes spp. mortality was caused by T. vogelii followed by 93.33% recorded from E. dalrympleana after 24 hours. Besides, C. lusitanica repelled Macrotermes spp. by 97% followed by 95% recorded from T. vogelii and E. dalrympleana each. For field trials, 20 g of each botanical was applied using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. The results obtained from field indicated that T. vogelii was more effective to protect maize with an average of 6 maize stands and 3.4 kg of dry total weight of maize grains next to positive control per plot. Also, average of 4 maize stands and 3 kg dry total weight of maize grains were recorded from treatments of E. dalrympleana and C. lusitanica each. Such results highlight the potential of developing bio-termiticides from T. vogelii, C. lusitanica and E. dalrympleana to control Macrotermes spp.

关键词： Damage Mortality Pesticidal Plants Repellency Termites Maize

Present status of aquaculture and the challenge of bacterial diseases in freshwater farmed fish in tanzania;A call for sustainable strategies

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第3期6卷 247-253页

作者： Alexanda Mzula Philemon N.Wambura Robinson H.Mdegela Gabriel M.Shirima Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences School of Life Science and BioengineeringNelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

Aquaculture provides significant contributions to household food security,as the capture of wild fish from lakes,dams,and oceans do not meet the current demand for animal protein in *** aquaculture requires well-established regulatory systems and extension services for good pond management practices and maintaining fish health by fish *** farming is practiced widely in tanzania,from small-to large-scale ponds and these farming systems are moving from extensive normal operations(low input demand)to intensive farming(high input demand).However,the industry is largely still operating at a subsistence level with low *** infections have been occurring in these fish farms and will continue to be an issue of concern into the *** review highlights the current challenges,successes,and prospects towards a sustainable aquaculture industry in tanzania,including:limited extension services mirroring the limited knowledge by farmers regarding pond management practices;the inadequacy of funds to carry out fish disease research or implement a surveillance system;little expertise in fish disease diagnosis and treatment;and poor management *** minimize disease outbreaks and optimize production in the future,we suggest a strengthening of extension services,augmented with on-farm knowledge *** should be on pond management practices and fish disease management;the creation of a well-functioning fish disease surveillance system;and strengthening collaborative research on aquaculture between the government research institutions and *** small cooperative fish farmer groups within the Aquaculture Association of tanzania(AAT)for easy access to information is also recommended.

关键词： Bacterial diseases Diagnostic methods Freshwater Farmed fish Challenges Surveillance

Variations in soil properties and native woody plant species abundance under Prosopis juliflora invasion in Afar grazing lands, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 411-422页

作者： Abeje Eshete Anna C.Treydte Mengsteab Hailemariam Negasi Solomon Tatek Dejene Zewdu Yilma Emiru Birhane Central Ethiopia Environment and forestry Research Center(CEEFRC) Ethiopian Environment and Forestry Research Institute(EEFRI)P.O.Box 30708Addis AbabaEthiopia Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia

Introduction:Pastoralism and agro-pastoralism are the major modes of life in arid and semi-arid ***,rangeland quality and quantity are rapidly deteriorating due to a number of natural and human-induced factors,one of which is bush *** is known on how bush encroachment affects the ecosystem functions and services expressed in terms of the native vegetation composition and structure,status of the soil seed bank,soil chemical and physical properties,and the abundance of mycorrhiza ***:We assessed woody species in 64 plots distributed across four levels of Prosopis juliflora invasion(high,medium,low,and none)at two sites,Amibara and Gewane,in the Afar Region,*** collected composite soil samples to investigate the soil seed bank,mycorrhizal associations,and spore ***:Plant biodiversity was generally low,with eight and four woody species in Gewane and Amibara,*** juliflora was dominant in highly,moderately,and lowly invaded areas while Acacia senegal dominated the non-invaded *** average number of *** individuals ranged from 3/ha at non-invaded areas in Gewane to 4200/ha at highly invaded areas in Amibara while the total individual number of native woody species ranged from 0 to 88/ha at highly and lowly invaded areas,*** population structure of trees/shrubs in all invasion areas showed an inverted J-shaped distribution,characterized by a high abundance of small *** juliflora invasion was associated with high soil OC,Na,Ca,P,bulk density,and moisture *** seed numbers and species richness were highest in the moderately and highly invaded *** sampled tree species were associated with mycorrhiza but the percentage of root length colonization by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus structures varied significantly(p<0.05)across invasion categories and ***:Our results revealed that although *** invasion negat

关键词： Encroachment Structural and species diversity Shrubs Arbuscular mycorrhiza Rangelands