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Woody plant taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity decrease along elevational gradients in Andean tropical montane forests:Environmental filtering and arrival of temperate taxa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 491-501页

作者： Guillermo Bañares-de-Dios Manuel J.Macía Gabriel Arellano Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda Julia Vega-álvarez Itziar Arnelas Carlos I.Espinosa Norma Salinas Luis Cayuela departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain departamento de Biología Área de BotánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Oikobit LLC ***AlbuquerqueNM87120USA Real Jardín Botánico–CSIC Plaza Murillo 2MadridES-28014Spain departamento de Biología Animal EcologíaParasitologíaEdafología y Química AgrícolaUniversidad de SalamancaCalle Donantes de Sangre s/nSalamancaES-37007Spain departamento de Biodiversidad Ecología y EvoluciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridCalle JoséAntonio Nováis 12Ciudad UniversitariaES-28040Spain departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de LojaA.P.11-01-608 LojaEcuador Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúA.P.Lima 32LimaPeru ECI School of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOX13QYOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global(IICG-URJC) Universidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain

Mountains are paramount for exploring biodiversity patterns due to the mosaic of topographies and climates encompassed over short *** research has traditionally focused on taxonomic diversity when investigating changes along elevational gradients,but other facets should be *** first time,we simultaneously assessed elevational trends in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in Andean tropical montane forests and explored their underlying ecological and evolutionary *** investigation covered four transects(traversing ca.2200 m a.s.l.) encompassing 114 plots of 0.1 ha across a broad latitudinal range(ca.10°).Using Hill numbers to quantify abundance-based diversity among 37,869 individuals we observed a consistent decrease in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity as elevation increased,although the decrease was less pronounced for higher Hill *** exception was a slight increase in phylogenetic diversity when dominant species were *** decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity might be attributed to an environmental filtering process towards highlands,where the increasingly harsher conditions exclude species and functional ***,the differences in steepness decrease between Hill orders suggest that rare species disproportionately contribute to functional *** phylogenetic diversity the shifting elevational trend between Hill orders indicates a greater than previously considered influence in central Andean highlands of tropical lowlands originated species with strong niche conservatism relative to distantly related temperate *** could be explained by a decreasing presence and abundance of temperate,extratropical taxa towards the central Andes relative to northern or southern Andes,where they are more prevalent.

关键词： Altitudinal gradients Andes Environmentalﬁltering Out of the Tropical Lowlands Functional rarity Tropical Niche Conservatism

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Measuring the model risk-adjusted performance of machine learning algorithms in credit default prediction

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 1930-1964页

作者： Andrés Alonso Robisco JoséManuel CarbóMartínez banco de España Calle de Alcalá4828014 MadridSpain

Implementing new machine learning(ML)algorithms for credit default prediction is associated with better predictive performance;however,it also generates new model risks,particularly concerning the supervisory validation *** industry surveys often mention that uncertainty about how supervisors might assess these risks could be a barrier to *** this study,we propose a new framework to quantify model risk-adjustments to compare the performance of several ML *** address this challenge,we first harness the internal ratings-based approach to identify up to 13 risk components that we classify into 3 main categories—statistics,technology,and market ***,to evaluate the importance of each risk category,we collect a series of regulatory documents related to three potential use cases—regulatory capital,credit scoring,or provisioning—and we compute the weight of each category according to the intensity of their mentions,using natural language processing and a risk terminology based on expert ***,we test our framework using popular ML models in credit risk,and a publicly available database,to quantify some proxies of a subset of risk factors that we deem *** measure the statistical risk according to the number of hyperparameters and the stability of the *** technological risk is assessed through the transparency of the algorithm and the latency of the ML training method,while the market conduct risk is quantified by the time it takes to run a post hoc technique(SHapley Additive exPlanations)to interpret the output.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Credit risk Interpretability Bias Internal ratings based model IRB model Natural language processing NLP

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Nutritional and Mineral Variability in 52 Accessions of Common Bean Varieties(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)from Madeira Island

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 317-329页

作者： Carla S.S.Gouveia Gregório Freitas José H.de Brito Jan J.Slaski Miguel A.A.Pinheiro de Carvalho banco de germoplasma isoplexis Universidade da MadeiraFunchalPortugal Servico de Análise de Solos e Plantas Direccao Regional de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento RuralCamachaPortugal Bioresource Technologies Alberta Innovates-Technology FuturesEdmontonCanada

The Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the traditional and most important leguminous crops in the Island of Madeira. The island’s bioclimatic tiers, agro-ecological environment and traditional farming practices had a great influence on the evolution of regional bean landraces. The variability of the nutritional and mineral seeds composition of 59 accessions of the Madeiran landraces, standard and commercial varieties was evaluated. Wide ranges of variability in biochemical parameters were reported among the Madeiran landraces, being the best sources of protein and mineral nutrition, according to the statistical results and literature comparative evaluation. Specifically, the content (g per 100 g DW) of ash ranged from 3.64-5.67, lipids from 0.57-2.86, protein from 18.55-29.69, starch from 23.40-52.65, soluble sugars from 2.97-6.84, while content of dry matter was from 83.35-93.55. The seeds also contained (per 100 g DW) between 2.55-4.83 g N, 0.30-7.50 g P, 1.30-2.49 g K, 0.10-0.18 g Mg, 4.10-10.00 mg Fe, 50.0-1.40 mg Cu, 2.20-5.00 mg Zn, 0.90-3.80 μg Mn and 0.20-2.40 μg B. This variability implies that the screened germplasm could serve as a source for breeding new varieties with improved biochemical and nutritional traits or could be highly recommended to meet specific dietary requirements. The cultivar Vaginha Grossa (ISOP 713) revealed low carbohydrate content that could be a good food choice for diabetics, while cultivar Vermelho (ISOP 724) bean should be offered as a valuable alternative source of protein and minerals in the local diet.

关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris L. Beans Genetic Resources Proximal Analysis Nutritional Value Mineral Composition Variability Food Quality

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Measuring External debt in a Context of Macroeconomic Imbalances

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第3期4卷 202-207页

作者： Joao Cadete de Matos Ana Margarida de Almeida Ligia Maria Nunes Daniela Black Miranda Director Banco de Portugal Statistics Department Lisboa Portugal deputy-Director Banco de Portugal Statistics Department Lisboa Portugal banco de Portugal Statistics Department Lisboa Portugal

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Retirement and labour markets under the context of pension reform in Latin America

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Economic and Political Studies 2017年第4期5卷 475-500页

作者： David Tuesta banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria(BBVA Research) MadridSpain

Latin America has been experiencing a process of pension reform for more than three *** these reforms have had some success in helping the systems achieve fiscal sustainability,they have not provided the citizens of Latin American countries with broad social protection,thus leaving a certain proportion of people without access to pensions during their old age and,in many cases,forcing them to extend their participation in the labour ***,there is a need to identify the socioeconomic factors that promote the likelihood of obtaining a pension or,conversely,of continuing to work into old *** on micro-data from the National Household Surveys of five representative Latin American countries,this paper uses a Probit model to investigate this *** on country-specific aspects,this research finds that factors such as wealth accumulated during working years,high levels of education,additional income flows,family support,and age and gender tend to define the fate of the elderly regardless of whether they are included under the social protection umbrella.

关键词： Pension retirement social security Latin America

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Value-at-Risk Approach to Currency Crises： A Brazilian Example With the Central Bank and Currency Based Assets＊

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Chinese Business Review 2013年第9期12卷 593-609页

作者： Marcelo Zeuli banco Central do Brasil Rio de Janeiro Brazil IAG/PUC Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This paper uses a Value at Risk (VaR) approach to evaluate a country financial vulnerability, by analyzing the risk exposure of its Central Bank, as if their assets are subject to market risk. The Brazilian currency exchange swaps contracts (US$/Brazilian Reais) are submitted to a delta-normal VaR method, in order to evaluate the market risk of each swaps series, by modeling the variance of the daily returns, from August 1999 to January 2003. All daily returns series exhibited heteroscedasticity in the conditional variance and sudden changes in the unconditional variance. The points of changes of the unconditional variance were determined through the Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) algorithm, and the conditional variance was modeled with Markov-Switching-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (SWGARCH) in order to capture heteroscedasticity and regime change. The results lead to two main conclusions: First, a VaR model must incorporate heteroscedasticity and regime switching in order to describe the variance of the tested series, submitted to brisk changes of economic and political scenarios. Second, a volatility-based VaR do not necessarily generate forward-looking indicators, but rather coincident indicators of possible financial vulnerabilities. The future research will evolve towards evaluating the effects of the Basel III recommendations as if they could be applied to this crisis period.

关键词：风险价值巴西资产条件异方差货币 VaR模型条件方差市场风险

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-592 and -1082 interleukin-10 polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis with type 2 diabetes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第7期6卷 505-509页

作者： Guadalupe García-Elorriaga Leila Vera-Ramírez Guillermo del Rey-Pineda Csar Gonzlez-Bonilla Unidad de Investigación Mdica en Inmunología e Infectología Hospital de InfectologíaCentro Mdico Nacional La Raza(CMNR)Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico banco Central de Sangre CMNRIMSSand Departamento de Infectología.Hospital Infantil de Mxico Federico Gómez.Secretaría de Salud(SSA) Mexico City.Mexico

Objective:To determine the polymorphisms of Interleukin-10(IL-10)(-592,-1082) in pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)with and without type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods:We studied a Mexican mestizo population of 37 patients with TB in remission(TBr) and 40 with active pulmonary TB (PTB),21 patients with TB + T2D.47 blood donors accepted,and 13 healthy health-care workers with tuberculin skin lest *** of IL-10 polymorphisms was performed by real-lime Polymerase chain ***:IL-10-592C/A presented in a greater proportion in healthy individuals than in patients with type 2 diabetes and TB in a not quite significant statistically ***-10-1082A/A presented more frequently in the group of patients with both diseases,not being statistically significant in comparison with the group of healthy subjects. Conclusions:This study describes two important new ***,it reveals that the IL-10 (-592 A/A and -592 C/C) polymorphisms were found in a greater proportion in a group of patients with T2D and TB than in healthy ***,the study provides evidence that the(-1082 G/G) polymorphism presented with greater frequency in healthy individuals than in patients with both ol these diseases.

关键词： Cytokines IL-10 Polymorphism Genotype Pulmonary tuberculosis

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Store of value or speculative investment?Market reaction to corporate announcements of cryptocurrency acquisition

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 3106-3136页

作者： AndréD.Gimenes Jéfferson A.Colombo Imran Yousaf banco Bradesco SA(NYSE:BBD B3:BBDC3)Cidade de DeusS/no Vila YaraOsascoSP 06029‑900Brazil São Paulo School of Economics Getulio Vargas Foundation(FGVEESPBrazil)474 Itapeva St.‑Bela VistaSão PauloSP 01332‑000Brazil College of Business and Public Management Wenzhou-Kean UniversityWenzhouChina Adnan Kassar School of Business Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon

In this study,we analyze the stock market reaction to 35 events associated with 32 publicly traded companies from six countries that have announced cryptocurrency acquisitions,selling,or acceptance as a means of *** analysis focuses on traditional firms whose core business is unrelated to blockchain or *** find that the aggregate market reaction around these events is slightly positive but statistically insignificant for most event ***,when we perform heterogeneity analyses,we observe significant differences in market reaction between events with high(larger CARs)and low cryptocurrency exposure(lower CARs).Multivariate regressions show that the level of exposure to cryptocurrency("skin in the game")is a critical factor underlying abnormal returns around the *** analyses reveal that economically meaningful acquisitions of BTC or ETH(relative to firm’s total assets)drive the observed *** findings have important implications for managers,investors,and analysts as they shed light on the relationship between cryptocurrency adoption and firm value.

关键词： Corporate cryptocurrency acquisition Bitcoin Cryptocurrency Blockchain Market reaction

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On the Identification of N-rich Metal-poor Field Stars with Future Chinese Space Station Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 151-164页

作者： Jiajun Zhang Baitian Tang Jiang Chang Xiangxiang Xue JoséGFernández-Trincado Chengyuan Li Long Wang Hao Tian Yang Huang School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China Key Lab of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Instituto de Astronomía Universidad Católica del NorteAv.Angamos 0610AntofagastaChile Key Lab of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

During the long term evolution of globular clusters(GCs), some member stars are lost to the field. The recently found nitrogen-rich(N-rich) metal-poor field stars are promising candidates of these GC escapees, since N enhancement is the fingerprint of chemically enhanced populations in GCs. In this work, we discuss the possibility of identifying N-rich metal-poor field stars with the upcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope(CSST). We focus on the main survey camera with NUV, u, g, r, i, z, y filters and slitless spectrograph with a resolution about *** combination of UV sensitive equipment and prominent N-related molecular lines in the UV band bodes well for the identification: the color–color diagram of(u-g) versus(g-r) is capable of separating N-rich field stars from normal halo stars, if metallicity can be estimated without using the information on u-band ***, the synthetic spectra show that a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 is sufficient to identify N-rich field stars. In the near future, a large sample of N-rich field stars found by CSST, combined with state-of-the-art N-body simulations will be crucial to deciphering GC-Galaxy co-evolution.

关键词： stars:chemically peculiar stars:abundances techniques:photometric techniques:spectroscopic

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SDHA: a key player in T cell-mediated intestinal disease severity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 139-141页

作者： José M.Izquierdo Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(CSIC/UAM)C/Nicolás Cabrera 1Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain

In their recent article in Nature Immunology,Fujiwara et *** reduced mitochondrial respiration and increased succinate levels in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)from several distinct models of T cell-mediated *** observations point to a specific link between alterations in the mitochondrial complex II component SDHA and the severity of T cell-mediated intestinal diseases and suggest that SDHA dysfunction could be a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in T cell-mediated immunopathology.

关键词： severity alterations mediated

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