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Nutritional and Mineral Variability in 52 Accessions of Common Bean Varieties(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)from Madeira Island

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 317-329页

作者： Carla S.S.Gouveia Gregório Freitas José H.de Brito Jan J.Slaski Miguel A.A.Pinheiro de Carvalho banco de germoplasma isoplexis Universidade da MadeiraFunchalPortugal Servico de Análise de Solos e Plantas Direccao Regional de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento RuralCamachaPortugal Bioresource Technologies Alberta Innovates-Technology FuturesEdmontonCanada

The Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the traditional and most important leguminous crops in the Island of Madeira. The island’s bioclimatic tiers, agro-ecological environment and traditional farming practices had a great influence on the evolution of regional bean landraces. The variability of the nutritional and mineral seeds composition of 59 accessions of the Madeiran landraces, standard and commercial varieties was evaluated. Wide ranges of variability in biochemical parameters were reported among the Madeiran landraces, being the best sources of protein and mineral nutrition, according to the statistical results and literature comparative evaluation. Specifically, the content (g per 100 g DW) of ash ranged from 3.64-5.67, lipids from 0.57-2.86, protein from 18.55-29.69, starch from 23.40-52.65, soluble sugars from 2.97-6.84, while content of dry matter was from 83.35-93.55. The seeds also contained (per 100 g DW) between 2.55-4.83 g N, 0.30-7.50 g P, 1.30-2.49 g K, 0.10-0.18 g Mg, 4.10-10.00 mg Fe, 50.0-1.40 mg Cu, 2.20-5.00 mg Zn, 0.90-3.80 μg Mn and 0.20-2.40 μg B. This variability implies that the screened germplasm could serve as a source for breeding new varieties with improved biochemical and nutritional traits or could be highly recommended to meet specific dietary requirements. The cultivar Vaginha Grossa (ISOP 713) revealed low carbohydrate content that could be a good food choice for diabetics, while cultivar Vermelho (ISOP 724) bean should be offered as a valuable alternative source of protein and minerals in the local diet.

关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris L. Beans Genetic Resources Proximal Analysis Nutritional Value Mineral Composition Variability Food Quality

Reassessing the AMPK-MTORC1 balance in autophagy in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3209-3210页

作者： Marta García-Juan Mario Villa Irene Benito-Cuesta Lara Ordónez-Gutiérrez Francisco Wandosell Centro de Biología Molecular“Severo Ochoa”(CSIC-UAM) Nicolas Cabrera 1Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Fisiología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain department of Clinical Neuroscience CMM Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset SolnaStockholmSweden departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) MadridSpain

Autophagy is a cellular degradation and recycling system,indispensable for cellular and organ development,homeostasis,and *** cellular process is evolutionarily highly conserved to quality control of many proteins and dysfunctional organelles,which finally recycle components as amino *** process is effective during normal physiology as part of anabolism and plays an additional important role during starvation(Dikic and Elazar,2018).Different types of autophagy have been chara cterized based on their dynamic,mechanism of action,target substrates,and protein *** of them are macroautophagy(hereafter called"autophagy"),microa utophagy,and chape rone-media ted autophagy(Fleming et al.,2022).

关键词： homeostasis system hereafter

Measuring the model risk-adjusted performance of machine learning algorithms in credit default prediction

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 1930-1964页

作者： Andrés Alonso Robisco JoséManuel CarbóMartínez banco de España Calle de Alcalá4828014 MadridSpain

Implementing new machine learning(ML)algorithms for credit default prediction is associated with better predictive performance;however,it also generates new model risks,particularly concerning the supervisory validation *** industry surveys often mention that uncertainty about how supervisors might assess these risks could be a barrier to *** this study,we propose a new framework to quantify model risk-adjustments to compare the performance of several ML *** address this challenge,we first harness the internal ratings-based approach to identify up to 13 risk components that we classify into 3 main categories—statistics,technology,and market ***,to evaluate the importance of each risk category,we collect a series of regulatory documents related to three potential use cases—regulatory capital,credit scoring,or provisioning—and we compute the weight of each category according to the intensity of their mentions,using natural language processing and a risk terminology based on expert ***,we test our framework using popular ML models in credit risk,and a publicly available database,to quantify some proxies of a subset of risk factors that we deem *** measure the statistical risk according to the number of hyperparameters and the stability of the *** technological risk is assessed through the transparency of the algorithm and the latency of the ML training method,while the market conduct risk is quantified by the time it takes to run a post hoc technique(SHapley Additive exPlanations)to interpret the output.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Credit risk Interpretability Bias Internal ratings based model IRB model Natural language processing NLP

Measuring External debt in a Context of Macroeconomic Imbalances

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第3期4卷 202-207页

作者： Joao Cadete de Matos Ana Margarida de Almeida Ligia Maria Nunes Daniela Black Miranda Director Banco de Portugal Statistics Department Lisboa Portugal deputy-Director Banco de Portugal Statistics Department Lisboa Portugal banco de Portugal Statistics Department Lisboa Portugal

The exploitation of new methodologies and indicators is considered valuable in measuring a key macroeconomic indicator like the external debt. The recent Portuguese economic developments illustrate the need and usefulness of having a multidimensional approach of this indicator, with several balance of payment items, such as the current and the capital account balances, the foreign direct investment or the reserves assets being carefully analysed when reading the external conditions faced by the economy. Only such an approach can provide with a comprehensive measure of external debt consistent across the range of debt instruments, institutional sectors and valuation methods used. This paper develops an assessment of external debt measures and concludes about their potential advantages and disadvantages. Comparisons are made by focusing on alternatives like gross external debt against net external debt, external debt vis-h-vis international investment position, and external debt at nominal value against external debt at market value.

关键词： External debt valuation debt instruments institutional sectors.

Retirement and labour markets under the context of pension reform in Latin America

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Economic and Political Studies 2017年第4期5卷 475-500页

作者： David Tuesta banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria(BBVA Research) MadridSpain

Latin America has been experiencing a process of pension reform for more than three *** these reforms have had some success in helping the systems achieve fiscal sustainability,they have not provided the citizens of Latin American countries with broad social protection,thus leaving a certain proportion of people without access to pensions during their old age and,in many cases,forcing them to extend their participation in the labour ***,there is a need to identify the socioeconomic factors that promote the likelihood of obtaining a pension or,conversely,of continuing to work into old *** on micro-data from the National Household Surveys of five representative Latin American countries,this paper uses a Probit model to investigate this *** on country-specific aspects,this research finds that factors such as wealth accumulated during working years,high levels of education,additional income flows,family support,and age and gender tend to define the fate of the elderly regardless of whether they are included under the social protection umbrella.

关键词： Pension retirement social security Latin America

Interferon γ in patients with HIV/AIDS and suspicion or latent tuberculosis infection

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 157-160页

作者： Guadalupe Garcia-Elorriaga Mayte Martinez-Velazquez Veronica Gaona-Flores Guillermo del Rey-Pineda Cesar Gonzalez-Bonilla Unidad de Investigacion en Inmunologia e Infectologia Centro Medico Nacional La Raza(CMNR)Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS) Mexico CityMexico Hospital de Infectologia CMNRIMSSMexico CityMexico banco Central de Sangre CMNR.Hospital Infantil de MexicoFederico Gomez.Dpto.de Infectologia

Objective:To assess the usefulness of IGRA test(QuantiFERON? -Cell mediated immune) compared with the tuberculin skin ***:A cross-sectional study was carried out in Mexico,25 infected patients with HIV-AIDS and the suspicion or with latent tuberculous infection （LTBI） who were>18 years of age and without treatment for tuberculosis（TB）,were enrolled in the ***:Median cluster of differentiation（CD4） count was 364 cells/μL and median HIV viral load was 50 copies/***,20 patients（80%） had at least one positive diagnostic test for LTBI:four（16%） had a positive tuberculin skin test and 19（76%）,a positive QuantiFERON ? -***:No agreement is found between the two diagnostic tests:k = -0.004,95%confidence interval（-0.2219,0.2210）.Additional longitudinal studies among HIV-infected populations with high prevalence of TB are needed to further assess the usefulness of IGRAs in this patient population.

关键词： AIDS HIV IGRA Interferonγ Latent tuberculosis infection

Basel III and Central Banks With Multiple Objectives： Convergences Between Targets

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第2期13卷 75-93页

作者： Marcelo Zeuli banco Central do Brasil Rio de Janeiro Brazil IAG/PUC Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This text evaluates the convergence among the main targets of a Central Bank, like the Brazilian Central Bank, with that deals with objectives such as inflation targeting, bank regulation, and financial inclusion, when it operates subject to the Bank for International Settlements （BIS） recommendations gathered in the recent Basel III agreement. A Brazilian conjuncture analysis starts with the economic stabilization plan known as Piano Real （July, 1994） and takes account that, from 2007 onwards, the world economy is going through troubled times unchained by the international financial crisis that motivated the recent Basel Agreement （Basel III）. There are two lines of analysis： macroeconomic and marketing. From the macroeconomic approach, there are plenty models to predict money supply and monetary aggregates. From a marketing perspective, it can be inferred that technologies potentially innovatives may alter the current scenario. The financial time series chosen are： daily money supply, banking reserves, and annual inflation （monthly announced）. The first statistical and empirical evidences from the period （July, 1994 to december, 2011） show that the management of banking reserves does not interfere with the continuous growth of the monetary base plus demand deposits （M1） and cash in circulation, which possibly indicates an increasing financial inclusion. Moreover, there is no evidence that it creates inflationary pressures. The future works may require competencies pertinent to prospective finance and consumer behavior （marketing）.

关键词： Basel III finance inclusion inflation targeting volatility

Value-at-Risk Approach to Currency Crises： A Brazilian Example With the Central Bank and Currency Based Assets＊

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Chinese Business Review 2013年第9期12卷 593-609页

作者： Marcelo Zeuli banco Central do Brasil Rio de Janeiro Brazil IAG/PUC Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This paper uses a Value at Risk （VaR） approach to evaluate a country financial vulnerability, by analyzing the risk exposure of its Central Bank, as if their assets are subject to market risk. The Brazilian currency exchange swaps contracts （USS/Brazilian Reais） are submitted to a delta-normal VaR method, in order to evaluate the market risk of each swaps series, by modeling the variance of the daily returns, from August 1999 to January 2003. All daily returns series exhibited heteroscedasticity in the conditional variance and sudden changes in the unconditional variance. The points of changes of the unconditional variance were determined through the Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares （ICSS） algorithm, and the conditional variance was modeled with Markov-Switching-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity （SWGARCH） in order to capture heteroscedasticity and regime change. The results lead to two main conclusions： First, a VaR model must incorporate heteroscedasticity and regime switching in order to describe the variance of the tested series, submitted to brisk changes of economic and political scenarios. Second, a volatility-based VaR do not necessarily generate forward-looking indicators, but rather coincident indicators of possible financial vulnerabilities. The future research will evolve towards evaluating the effects of the Basel III recommendations as if they could be applied to this crisis period.

关键词： emerging markets market risk volatility GARCH models regime switching

-592 and -1082 interleukin-10 polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis with type 2 diabetes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第7期6卷 505-509页

作者： Guadalupe García-Elorriaga Leila Vera-Ramírez Guillermo del Rey-Pineda Csar Gonzlez-Bonilla Unidad de Investigación Mdica en Inmunología e Infectología Hospital de InfectologíaCentro Mdico Nacional La Raza(CMNR)Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico banco Central de Sangre CMNRIMSSand Departamento de Infectología.Hospital Infantil de Mxico Federico Gómez.Secretaría de Salud(SSA) Mexico City.Mexico

Objective:To determine the polymorphisms of Interleukin-10(IL-10)(-592,-1082) in pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)with and without type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods:We studied a Mexican mestizo population of 37 patients with TB in remission(TBr) and 40 with active pulmonary TB (PTB),21 patients with TB + T2D.47 blood donors accepted,and 13 healthy health-care workers with tuberculin skin lest *** of IL-10 polymorphisms was performed by real-lime Polymerase chain ***:IL-10-592C/A presented in a greater proportion in healthy individuals than in patients with type 2 diabetes and TB in a not quite significant statistically ***-10-1082A/A presented more frequently in the group of patients with both diseases,not being statistically significant in comparison with the group of healthy subjects. Conclusions:This study describes two important new ***,it reveals that the IL-10 (-592 A/A and -592 C/C) polymorphisms were found in a greater proportion in a group of patients with T2D and TB than in healthy ***,the study provides evidence that the(-1082 G/G) polymorphism presented with greater frequency in healthy individuals than in patients with both ol these diseases.

关键词： Cytokines IL-10 Polymorphism Genotype Pulmonary tuberculosis