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Solar Cooling Alternatives for Residential Houses

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第7期18卷 348-362页

作者： Meron Mulatu Mengistu bahir dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 26Ethiopia

The energy consumption rate of non-OECD(non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the OECD countries which is 0.6 *** developing countries use energy efficient technology and integrate renewable energy systems in the new building their carbon dioxide emission rate reduces by 25 to 44 ***,even now,renewable energy integrated buildings are hardly considered while constructing *** paper focuses on the study of solar cooling system options for residential house of bahir dar city,in *** meet the demand of housing in the city,different types of apartments and villa houses are under *** the analysis case study was made focusing on two types of residential houses,condominium apartment and Impact Real Estate Villa *** results of IDA ICE software show that the average operative temperatures and cooling loads for condominium apartment and Real-estate Vila are 31.8℃ and 30.7℃,5.53 kW and 5.73 kW *** of the residences are not satisfied at this operating *** are different types of solar cooling *** sorption cooling systems are commonly used which can also be classified into absorption,adsorption and desiccant cooling *** adsorption cooling systems are easy to manufacture locally as compared to solar absorption cooling *** do not have moving *** of the working medium pairs used in adsorption cooling system are:activated carbon/ammonia,silica gel/water,zeolite/*** chillier with silica gel/water as a working pair was selected since it can operate at regeneration/desorption temperature as low as 45℃ coming from flat plate *** 75℃ regeneration temperature,the system delivers 9℃ chilled water *** cooling load simulation result direct solar irradiation is the highest source of cooling load for both *** gives an opportunity for passive solar cooling

关键词： Adsorption cooling load condominium impact real-estate IDA ICE

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Characterization and Performance of Magnesium Doped Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 95-111页

作者： Anteneh Tilahun Awoke Lingqi Zhu Xinbo Ding College of Textile Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou China Department of Textile Engineering Ethiopian Institutes of Textile and Fashion Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia

The bioactive glass and related biomaterials have become increasingly popular, and have also attracted the research interest of many researchers in recent years due its special performance and tissue engineering application. In this study, to create a material with a variety of properties Mg doped hollow bioactive glass (Mg-HBG) of 80SiO2-5P2O5-10CaO-5MgO system had been produced by using a sol-gel method. The porous structure nanoparticles were specifically made by employing the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Magnesium was selected as a doped material with HBG, because it is the most existing cations in the human body which helps for bone metabolism as well as it has antibacterial property. Based on different investigations resulted nanoparticle with the inclusion of the lower molar fractions magnesium has good tested result. For a drug model vancomycin hydrochloride (VAN) was used in this study and it has also good antibacterial activity effect. These findings help the possibility of using Mg-HBG nanoparticles to treat infectious bone abnormalities by demonstrating their compatibility with antibiotics, drug loading and release behavior.

关键词： Tissue Engineering Bioactive Glass Sol-Gel Process Drug Loading and Release

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SmartMicro Grid Energy System Management Based on Optimum Running Cost for Rural Communities in Rwanda

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Energy Engineering 2024年第7期121卷 1805-1821页

作者： Fabien Mukundufite Jean Marie Vianney Bikorimana Alexander Kyaruzi Lugatona Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department University of RwandaKigaliRwanda Electrical Engineering Department University of Dar es SalaamDar es SalaamTanzania

The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by ***,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote *** far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural *** have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating *** current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case *** renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that *** generation capacity is estimated based on the load *** microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum *** analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public *** microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to *** considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.

关键词： Load demand load profile optimum running cost power demand satisfaction smart meters and smart micro grid

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Spatiotemporal Distributions of Bacterioplankton Communities in the Qiantang River(Hangzhou Section),China

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Journal of Ocean university of China 2024年第4期23卷 1102-1114页

作者： XU Jiaojiao ZHAO Li LUKWAMBE Betina NICHOLAUS Regan ZHU Jinyong YANG Wen ZHENG Zhongming School of Marine Sciences Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology University of Dar es SalaamDar es SalaamTanzania Department of Natural Sciences Mbeya University of Science and TechnologyMbeyaTanzania

The spatial and temporal distribution of bacterioplankton communities plays a vital role in understanding the ecological dynamics and health of aquatic *** this study,we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the bacterioplankton communities in the Qiantang River(Hangzhou section).Water samples were collected quarterly from seven sites over a one-year *** and chemical parameters,including dissolved oxygen(DO),water temperature(WT),chemical oxygen demand(COD),nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)),active phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))and other indices were *** this study,theαdiversity,βdiversity and abundance differences of bacterial communities were investigated using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing *** spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and main driving factors of the bacterioplankton community structure and diversity were *** results showed that a total of 57 phyla were detected in the bacterioplankton community,among which Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes were the two dominant groups with the highest relative *** results of PCoA based on Bray-Curtis distance showed that the sampling season had a slightly greater effect on the changes in bacterioplankton community structure in the Qiantang *** and partial Mantel test showed that environmental variables(Mantel r=0.6739,P<0.0001;partial Mantel r=0.507,P=0.0001)were more important than geographical distance(Mantel r=0.5322,P<0.001;partial Mantel r=0.1563,P=0.001).The distance attenuation model showed that there was significant distance attenuation in all four seasons,and the maximum limit of bacterial community diffusion was found in *** analysis showed that nine environmental factors,including COD,WT and DO,significantly affected community distribution(P<0.05).This study provides valuable insights into the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of bacterioplankton communities,shedding light on their ecological roles in the Qiantang R

关键词： Qiantang River bacterioplankton community spatial and temporal distribution 16S rRNA range attenuation

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A HybridManufacturing ProcessMonitoringMethod Using Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit and Random Forest

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 233-254页

作者： Chao-Lung Yang Atinkut Atinafu Yilma Bereket Haile Woldegiorgis Hendrik Tampubolon Hendri Sutrisno Department of Industrial Management National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipeiTaiwanChina Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of Technology(BiT)Bahir DarUniversityBahir Dar6000Ethiopia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Information System Faculty of Engineering and Computer ScienceKridaWacana Christian UniversityJakartaIndonesia Department of Information Management National Dong Hwa UniversityHualienTaiwanChina

This study proposed a new real-time manufacturing process monitoring method to monitor and detect process shifts in manufacturing *** real-time production process monitoring is critical in today’s smart *** more robust the monitoring model,the more reliable a process is to be under *** the past,many researchers have developed real-time monitoring methods to detect process shifts ***,thesemethods have limitations in detecting process shifts as quickly as possible and handling various data volumes and *** this paper,a robust monitoring model combining Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)and Random Forest(RF)with Real-Time Contrast(RTC)called GRU-RF-RTC was proposed to detect process shifts *** effectiveness of the proposed GRU-RF-RTC model is first evaluated using multivariate normal and nonnormal distribution ***,to prove the applicability of the proposed model in a realmanufacturing setting,the model was evaluated using real-world normal and non-normal *** results demonstrate that the proposed GRU-RF-RTC outperforms other methods in detecting process shifts quickly with the lowest average out-of-control run length(ARL1)in all synthesis and real-world problems under normal and non-normal *** experiment results on real-world problems highlight the significance of the proposed GRU-RF-RTC model in modern manufacturing process monitoring *** result reveals that the proposed method improves the shift detection capability by 42.14%in normal and 43.64%in gamma distribution problems.

关键词： Smart manufacturing process monitoring quality control gated recurrent unit neural network random forest

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Accuracy and precision of dried urine spot method for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigens in resource-limited settings

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 103-104页

作者： Abdallah Zacharia Clemence Kinabo Twilumba Makene Huda Omary George Ogweno Faraja Lyamuya Billy Ngasala Muhimbili university of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Tanzania Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania

Background The World Health Organization recommends the use of Schisto point-of-care circulating cathodic anti-gens(Schisto POC-CCA)for screening of Schistosoma mansoni as it offers better sensitivity than ***,there are limitation facing the use of this method including timely availability of the test *** aim of this study was to determine the reliability of dried urine spot(DUS)method for collection of urine and detection of *** using Schisto POC-CCA cassettes in a resource-limited *** A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2022 among 250 primary school children in Sengerema District,northwestern *** CCA was detected in filter paper-based DUSs,liquid urine using DUS Schisto POC-CCA(index),and direct urine Schisto POC-CCA(comparator)methods *** eggs in stool were detected using duplicate Kato-Katz(KK)*** measures of accuracy were com-puted and compared between the index and comparator *** strength of agreement between inter-raters precisions was tested using Cohen's kappa(k).Results This study revealed *** prevalence rates of 28.8%,54.0%and 50.8%by duplicate KK,direct urine Schisto POC-CCA and DUS Schisto POC-CCA methods *** mean intensity of infection among infected participants Was 86.3 eggs per gram of stool(EPG)ranging from 12.0 EPG to 824.0 *** sensitivity of DUS Schisto POC-CCA and direct urine Schisto POC-CCA Was 94.44%(95%CI:89.15-99.74%)and 97.22%(95%CI:93.43-100.00%)*** DUS Schisto POC-CCA method had slightly higher specificity(66.85%)than direct urine Schisto POC-CCA method(63.48%).The accuracy of the DUS Schisto POC-CCA Was found to be slightly high(74.80%,95%CI:68.94-79.06%)compared to that of direct urine Schisto POC-CCA(73.20%,95%CI:67.25-78.59%).There was good agreement between two laboratory technologists who performed the DUS Schisto POC-CCA method on similar samples(k=0.80,95%CI:0.59-0.95).Con

关键词： Accuracy Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Dried urine spot Schistosoma mansoni Sensiti Specificity

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Modelling Foot and Mouth Disease in the Context of Active Immigrants

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 147-167页

作者： Issa Shabani Mfinanga Nyimvua Shaban Theresia Marijani Department of Mathematics University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Mathematics and Statistics Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

This study employs mathematical modeling to analyze the impact of active immigrants on Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) transmission dynamics. We calculate the reproduction number (R0) using the next-generation matrix approach. Applying the Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, we establish that the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) point achieves local asymptotic stability when R0 α1 and α2) are closely associated with reduced susceptibility in animal populations, underscoring the link between immigrants and susceptibility. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the interplay of disease introduction with population response and adaptation, particularly involving incoming infectious immigrants. Swift interventions are vital due to the limited potential for disease establishment and rapid susceptibility decline. This study offers crucial insights into the complexities of FMD transmission with active immigrants, informing effective disease management strategies.

关键词： Next-Generation Matrix Approach Routh-Hurwitz Quadratic Lyapunov Function Active Immigrants Reproduction Number Analysis

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Watershed prioritization for conservation planning using RUSLE and morphometric methods,Northwestern Ethiopia

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第8期20卷 2242-2262页

作者： Agumassie Genet GELA Daniel Ayalew MENGISTU Daniel Asfaw BEKELE Department of General Forestry Debre Markos UniversityBure 18Ethiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 79Ethiopia Geo-spatial Data and Technology Center(GDTC) Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 79Ethiopia

Soil erosion and the subsequent sedimentation are serious environmental *** land management coupled with intense rainfall has complicated the problem in the Ethiopian ***,soil loss costs a profound amount of the national GDP and deters land *** soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource ***,this study aimed at estimating the mean annual soil loss rate of Gilgel Abay watershed which has critical implications on Lake Tana and Abbay River(Upper Blue Nile River),using RUSLE and morphometric analysis *** including rainfall,soil,Digital Elevation Model and land use/land cover were used to generate important parameters required for the soil loss *** collected through field observation,consultation with experts and document analysis were used for validation *** results of the study reveal that the watershed experienced an average soil loss rate of 39.8 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).Subsequently,nearly 25%(37,038 ha)of the watershed is threatened by moderate to very severe soil *** the four sub watersheds,sub watershed 3(S3)and sub watershed 4(S4),which consist of about 65%(105,000 ha)of the total area of the study watershed,experienced an annual soil loss rate of over 30 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).The amount of soil loss that the study watershed has experienced is above the soil loss tolerance level of Ethiopia(2-18 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1))and the tropical region(10 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Similarly,the results of morphometric analysis showed that the studied watershed has S-shaped hypsometric curve,an indication for maturity stage of landscape *** studied watershed is also characterized by a non-circular shaped drainage with rugged and dissected topography that contributes to high flash flood,peak discharge and incidence of soil *** result of both models signified that S3 and S4 are highly susceptible to soil ***,t

关键词： Soil loss RUSLE model Morphometric analysis Gilgel Abay watershed

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Prediction of Porous Media Fluid Flow with Spatial Heterogeneity Using Criss-Cross Physics-Informed Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1323-1340页

作者： Jiangxia Han Liang Xue Ying Jia Mpoki Sam Mwasamwasa Felix Nanguka Charles Sangweni Hailong Liu Qian Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Department of Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering College of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Exploration Production Research Institute SinopecBeijing102249China Ministry of Energy Tanzania Petroleum Development CorporationTowerDar es Salaam2774Tanzania Ministry of Energy Building Petroleum Upstream Regulatory Authority in Tanzania(PURA)Dar es Salaam11439Tanzania

Recent advances in deep neural networks have shed new light on physics,engineering,and scientific *** the data-centered viewpoint with physical simulation is one of the research *** physicsinformedneural network(PINN)is currently the most general framework,which is more popular due to theconvenience of constructing NNs and excellent generalization *** automatic differentiation(AD)-basedPINN model is suitable for the homogeneous scientific problem;however,it is unclear how AD can enforce fluxcontinuity across boundaries between cells of different properties where spatial heterogeneity is represented bygrid cells with different physical *** this work,we propose a criss-cross physics-informed convolutionalneural network(CC-PINN)learning architecture,aiming to learn the solution of parametric PDEs with spatialheterogeneity of physical *** achieve the seamless enforcement of flux continuity and integration ofphysicalmeaning into CNN,a predefined 2D convolutional layer is proposed to accurately express transmissibilitybetween adjacent *** efficacy of the proposedmethodwas evaluated through predictions of several petroleumreservoir problems with spatial heterogeneity and compared against state-of-the-art(PINN)through numericalanalysis as a benchmark,which demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over the PINN.

关键词： Physical-informed neural networks(PINN) flow in porous media convolutional neural networks spatial heterogeneity machine learning

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A comparative study of acidic,basic,and reactive dyes adsorption from aqueous solution onto kaolin adsorbent:Effect of operating parameters,isotherms,kinetics,and thermodynamics

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 59-74页

作者： Tadele Assefa Aragaw Adugna Nigatu Alene Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia

Various studies were reported for the evaluation of the adsorption performance of kaolin clay using single dye *** paper aimed to evaluate the comparative adsorption capacity of prepared adsorbents from Ethiopian kaolin for different dye types(Basic Yellow 28(BY 28),Congo Red(CR),and Reactive Red 120(RR 120)).Because different dye classes may have a significant impact on the removal efficiency by the prepared ***,we intended to investigate the interaction effect of adsorbent-sorbate in the adsorption phenomenon for the three different class *** adsorbents from kaolin clay were prepared via mechanical treatment,beneficiation,and calcination(700℃).The effect of operating parameters(pH,adsorbent dose,contact time,dye concentration,and adsorption temperature)was *** and after adsorption of the adsorbents were characterized using FTIR ***,adsorption isotherm,kinetic models,and the thermodynamic processes in the adsorption phenomenon were *** percentage removal efficiency of dyes was recorded as 92.08%,88.63%,and 73.33%for BY 28,CR,and RR 120 dyes,respectively at the experimental condition:adsorbent dosage=1 g/100 mL,solution pH=9(BY 28),and pH=3(CR,and RR 120),contact time=60 min,initial dyes concentrations=20 mg/L,and temperature=30℃.The adsorption of adsorbates onto kaolin adsorbents was well fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm *** thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic for all *** comparative percentage removal of,with the same operational parameters and kaolin adsorbent,was recorded as BY 28>CR>RR120 resulting from their surface charge and molecular size/structure dyes *** confirm that the adsorption at each operational parameter and peak intensity of FTIR spectra,before and after adsorption,revealed that the different dye types have varied removal efficiency onto the prepared kaolin ***

关键词： Beneficiated adsorbent Different class dyes Adsorption Operational parameters Removal efficiency Electrostatic interaction

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