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Palaeoclimatic Controls on Clay Mineral Distribution in the Early Cretaceous(Barremian): The Wessex Basin， Southeast England

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年

作者： Oladapo O.Akinlotan Ogechukwu A.Moghalu Stuart J.Hatter Byami A.Jolly Okwudiri A.Anyiam Department of Geology， University of Nigeria 3. badley ashton & associates ltd， Winceby House， Winceby Department of Geography， University of Sussex， Falmer Department of Geology， Ahmadu Bello University

This study describes the clay mineralogy of the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) rocks of the Wessex Basin for palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Seventy-four samples were subjected to optical microscopy， scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS)， and Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy (QEMSCAN?) techniques. The results revealed an illite-dominated sedimentation in most sections of the basin， with kaolinite， chlorite， smectite and glauconite occurring in subordinate quantities. Inferred paleoclimatic conditions from the clay mineral trends indicates a warm and dry climate， with seasonal precipitation. Kaolinite to illite ratios indicate that more arid climate conditions were prevalent but brief periods of warm and humid conditions were also present. A strong positive correlation between chlorite and tourmaline indicates that excess chlorite may have been contributed from tourmaline-chlorite-schists in a tourmaline-dominated provenance. SEM confirms that most of the clay minerals are detrital in origin but authigenic kaolinite is also present as vermiform and mica-replacive kaolinite which formed during early diagenetic modification from flushing meteoric waters in warm humid climates. This study is significant because it demonstrates the importance of multi-proxy methods for understanding clay minerals within sedimentary basins for interpreting the palaeoclimatic conditions of depositional systems.

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Clay mineral formation and transformation in non-marine environments and implications for Early Cretaceous palaeoclimatic evolution:The Weald Basin,Southeast England

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第3期11卷 387-409页

作者： Oladapo O.Akinlotan Ogechukwu A.Moghalu Stuart J.Hatter Sunday Okunuwadje Lorna Anquilano Uche Onwukwe Safiyeh Haghani Okwudiri A.Anyiam Byami A.Jolly Department of Geography University of SussexFalmerBrightonBN19SJUnited Kingdom Department of Geology University of NigeriaNsukka Road410001NsukkaNigeria badley ashton and associates ltd Winceby HouseWincebyHorncastleLincolnshireLN96PBUnited Kingdom Department of Geology and Geophysics School of GeosciencesKings’CollegeUniversity of AberdeenScotlandAB243UEUnited Kingdom Experimental Techniques Centre Brunel University LondonBragg 16Brunel University LondonUxbridgeUB83PHUnited Kingdom Department of Geology Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

Analyses of clay minerals within the Early Cretaceous Weald Basin,Southeast England reveal kaolinite,illite and chlorite as the main detrital clay minerals while glauconite and smectite are subordinates.A kaolinite-rich assemblage which characterized the sand-dominated Ashdown and Tunbridge Wells Sand formations and an illite-dominated assemblage associated mostly with the Wadhurst Clay and Weald Clay formations are *** was enriched in the Ashdown and Tunbridge Wells Sand formations during warm and humid climate with high precipitation that encouraged chemical weathering and leaching,while cold and dry conditions favoured the concentration of illite in the Wadhurst Clay and Weald Clay *** patterns associated with warm climate were drastically reduced during the drier climatic *** clay minerals are detrital in origin,with chlorite being more prominent than previously *** to previous studies and assumptions,this study revealed that authigenic clay minerals are present in the Hastings Beds,with vermiform and mica-replacive kaolinite being the most common,consistent with humid depositional *** authigenic illite is also present,along with a chloritized grain,providing evidence for *** absence of dickite and occurrence of kaolinite,suggest that authigenic illite formed in relatively shallow burial conditions,indicating a maximum burial depth of2500 m-3000 m,about 1000 m deeper than previous estimates of 1500 m-2000 *** clay minerals are absent in the Weald Clay Formation possibly because of hindered flow of meteoric water and limited growth space for authigenic *** study is significant in:1)reinforcing multiple methods to facilitate a robust and balanced knowledge of formation and transformation of clay minerals;2)investigating detrital and authigenic clay mineral assemblages when assessing the palaeoenvironments of sedimentary basins.

关键词： Clay minerals Clay mineral transformation Palaeoclimate Early Cretaceous Weald Basin Wealden Southeast England

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