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Chemical research in Chinese Universities 2002年第2期18卷 200-205页

作者： LI Bo Inagaki S Miyazaki C Takahashi H Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc.411YokomichiNagakute choAichi 4801192Japan

FSM 16, MCM 41 and SBA 15 types of hexagonal mesoporous silica with a highly ordered 2 dimensional structure were synthesized by using different silicon sources and surfactants. In the 2 dimensional silicate framework, pore size can be uniformly controlled by the combined use of the surfactants having different alkyl chain lengths and the swelling agents(triisopropyl benzene). The pore diameter of FSM 16 and MCM 41 can be expanded to be 10 nm, SBA 15 to be 15 nm. The crystal regularity was decreased with the increase of the pore diameter. In FSM 16 derived from kanemite(silicon source) and MCM 41 from water glass, their anionic characteristics on the pore wall may be stronger than those of SBA 15 derived from oligomeric tetramethoxysilane(TMOS). We have successfully used FSM 16 and MCM 41 to immobilize the enzyme having cationic residues below isoelectric point. The level of adsorption of enzymes in FSM 16 and MCM 41 was relatively high, but was low in SBA 15 support. The mechanism of enzyme to be adsorbed in mesoporous silica was suggested to be the ionic interactions. In aqueous solutions, horseradish peroxidase(HTP) was immobilized in FSM 16 with 8.9 nm mesopores and the highest loading amount(183 mg/mg FSM) was obtained, but for the FSM 16 of pore diameter 30 nm only an amount of 28 mg/mg FSM was obtained. The catalytic activity in the organic solvent was high when HrP was immobilized in FSM 16 and MCM 41, but it was low in case of SBA 15.

关键词： Mesoporous silica Surfactant Swelling agent Enzyme Activity

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Creation of crystal structure reproducing X-ray diffraction pattern without using database

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 946-954页

作者： Joohwi Lee Junpei Oba Nobuko Ohba Seiji Kajita Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc.41-1 YokomichiNagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

When a sample’s X-ray diffraction pattern(Xrd)is measured,the corresponding crystal structure is usually determined by searching for similar Xrd patterns in the ***,if a similar Xrd pattern is not found,it is tremendously laborious to identify the crystal structure even for *** case commonly happens when researchers develop novel and complex *** this study,we propose a crystal structure creation scheme that reproduces a given Xrd *** employed a combinatorial inverse design method using an evolutionary algorithm and crystal morphing(Evolv&Morph)supported by Bayesian optimization,which maximizes the similarity of the Xrd patterns between target one and those of the created crystal *** sixteen different crystal structure systems with twelve simulated and four powder target Xrd patterns,Evolv&Morph successfully created crystal structures with the same Xrd pattern as the target(cosine similarity 99%for the simulated ones and>96%the experimentally measured ones).Furthermore,the present method has merits in that it is an automated crystal structure creation scheme,not dependent on a *** believe that Evolv&Morph can be applied not only to determine crystal structures but also to design materials for specific properties.

关键词： properties crystal structure

Optimizing hardware-software co-design based on non-ideality in memristor crossbars for in-memory computing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Pinfeng JIANG danzhe SONG Menghua HUANG Fan YANG Letian WANG Pan LIU Xiangshui MIAO Xingsheng WANG School of Integrated Circuits Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Yangtze Memory labs

The memristor crossbar, with its exceptionally high storage density and parallelism, enables efficient vector matrix multiplication (VMM), significantly improving data throughput and computational efficiency. However, its analog computing is vulnerable to issues like Ir-drop, device-to-device (d2d) variation, and stuck-at-fault (SAF), leading to a substantial decrease in the inference accuracy of neural networks deployed on crossbars. This work presents a hardware-software co-design approach tailored to deal with memristor crossbar non-ideality. We introduce an end-to-end functional array simulator (FAST) for precise and ultra fast end-to-end training, mapping, and evaluation of neural networks on the memristor crossbar. Utilizing the sparsity of the memristor crossbar coefficient matrix, it achieves simulation with low storage and computational resource requirements,dynamically selecting the optimal solution to complete the process. It can also precisely simulate the impact of non-ideal effects such as Ir-drop, retention, variation, SAF, and Ad/dA precision. Using FAST, we assess memristor crossbar matrix operations under non-ideal conditions, identifying the max throughput and the most energy-efficient crossbar configurations. Additionally,we propose a comparator-based activation function modulation (CAFM) scheme and its corresponding hardware architecture with programmable activation function circuits to address the Ir-drop issue, enabling low power and area overheads, resulting in the recovery of neural network accuracy by 54%or more. This is validated within FAST, demonstrating the success of our hardware-software optimization co-design.

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Edge detection using resistive threshold logic networks with CMOS flash memories

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2014年第1期7卷 79-94页

作者： Alex Pappachen James Anusha Pachentavida Sherin Sugathan School of Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityAstanaKazakhstan Neuromorphic Engineering Group Enview R&D LabsTrivandrumIndia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to edge detection using semiconductor flash memory networks having scalable and parallel hardware ***/methodology/approach–A flash cell can store multiple states by controlling its voltage *** equivalent resistance of the operation states controlled by threshold voltage of flash cell gives out different combinations of logic 0 and 1 *** paper explores this basic feature of flash memory in designing a resistance change memory network for implementing novel edge detector *** approach of detecting the edges is inspired from the spatial change detection ability of the human visual ***–The proposed approach consumes less number of electronic components for its implementation,and outperforms the conventional approaches of edge detection with respect to the processing speed,scalability and ease of *** is also demonstrated to provide edges invariant to changes in the direction of the spatial change in the *** limitations/implications–This research brings about a new direction in the development of edge detection,in terms of developing high-speed parallel processing edge detection and imaging *** implications–The proposed approach reduces the implementation complexity by removing the need to have convolution operations for spatial edge ***/value–This paper presents one of the first edge detection approaches that is purely a hardware oriented design,uses resistance of flash memory to form edge detector cells,and one that does not use computational operations such as additions or multiplications for its implementation.

关键词： Image processing Cognitive systems Evolvable hardware

Perspectives of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in Cluster Configurations

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Fluid dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第12期20卷 2657-2691页

作者： ryan randall Chunmei Chen Mesfin Belayneh Ageze Muluken Temesgen Tigabu College of Automation Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China Center for renewable Energy Addis Ababa Institute of TechnologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa1000Ethiopia bteq r&d labs Addis Ababa1000Ethiopia Bahir dar Energy Center Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar6000Ethiopia

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines(VAWTs)offer several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines(HAWTs),including quieter operation,ease of maintenance,and simplified ***,despite the prevailing belief that HAWTs outperform VAWTs as individual units,VAWTs demonstrate higher power density when arranged in *** phenomenon arises from positive wake interactions downstream of VAWTs,potentially enhancing the overall wind farm *** contrast,wake interactions negatively impact HAWT farms,reducing their *** paper extensively reviews the potential of VAWT clusters to increase energy output and reduce wind energy costs.A precise terminology is introduced to clarify ambiguous terms researchers use to quantify cluster *** examining commonly studied and proposed VAWT cluster configurations,several aspects are discussed such as aerodynamic interactions,wake characteristics,structural dynamics,and performance ***,the current state-of-the-art and research gaps are critically *** review also covers computational modeling,optimization techniques,advanced control strategies,machine learning applications,economic considerations,and the influence of terrain and application locations.

关键词： Vertical axis wind turbines(VAWTs) cluster configuration wind farm wind energy performance enhancement

Artificial-intelligence-assisted mass fabrication of nanocantilevers from randomly positioned single carbon nanotubes

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第2期9卷 333-343页

作者： Yukihiro Tadokoro Keita Funayama Keisuke Kawano Atsushi Mura Jun Hrotani Yutaka Ohno Hiroya Tanaka Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc.NagakuteAichiJapan Toyota research Institute of North America Ann ArborMIUSA Nagoya University NagoyaAichiJapan

Nanoscale cantilevers(nanocantilevers)made from carbon nanotubes(CNTs)provide tremendous benefits in sensing and electromagnetic *** nanoscale structure is generally fabricated using chemical vapor deposition and/or dielectrophoresis,which contain manual,time-consuming processes such as the placing of additional electrodes and careful observation of single-grown ***,we demonstrate a simple and Artificial Intelligence(Al)-assisted method for the effcient fabrication of a massive CNT-based *** used randomly positioned single CNTs on the *** trained deep neural network recognizes the CNTs,measures their positions,and determines the edge of the CNT on which an electrode should be clamped to form a *** experiments demonstrate that the recognition and measurement processes are automatically completed in 2 s,whereas comparable manual processing requires 12 *** the small measurement error by the trained network(within 200 nm for 90%of the recognized CNTs),more than 34 nanocantilevers were successfully fabricated in one *** high accuracy contributes to the development of a massive field emitter using the CNT-based nanocantilever,in which the output current is obtained with a low applied *** further showed the benefit of fabricating massive CNT-nanocantilever-based field emitters for neuromorphic *** activation function,which is a key function in a neural network,was physically realized using an individual CNT-based field *** introduced neural network with the CNT-based field emitters recognized handwritten images *** believe that our method can accelerate the research and development of CNT-based nanocantilevers for realizing promising future applications.

关键词： cantilever carbon network

Surface Activities of Calix [4]resorcinarenes Bearing Four Hydrophobic Chains and Its Solubilization for Organic Compounds

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Chemical research in Chinese Universities 2002年第2期18卷 206-210页

作者： LI Bo Yoshifumi KOIdE Kunio ESUMI Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc.411YokomichiNagakuteAichi 4801192Japan departemnt of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Colloid and Interface Science Science University of Tokyo

Calix resorcinarenes bearing four hydrophobic side chains ( Ar-rn, Ar-Ph, and Ar-N) orient stably on water oil interface and show high solubilization capacities for organic compounds, such as long chain alcohols, benzene, toluene and dyes. The capacities are high even near the cmc of polyalkylated calix resorcinarenes, but the solubilities of organic compounds(solubilizates) decrease with the increase of the size of the solubilizates. Ar-r 6, with a chain length of six carbons, is the most effective among Ar-r n , Ar-Ph, and Ar-N; 11 fold mol of hexanol is dissolved in 2×10 -3 mol/L Ar-r 6. Moreover, Ar-r n bearing four alkyl side chains solubilizes the chain alcohols of the same chain length mostly. The solubilization capacities are presumably brought by inclusion in a large cavity of the polyalkylated calix resorcinarenes and by an efficient orientation of the solubilizates.

关键词： Calix resorcinarene Hydrophobic chain Polyalkylate Solubilizate

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Topology optimization based on reduction methods with applications to multiscale design and additive manufacturing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第1期15卷 151-165页

作者： Emmanuel TrOMME Atsushi KAWAMOTO James KGUEST department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc.NagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

Advanced manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing offer now the capability to control material placement at unprecedented length scales and thereby dramatically open up the design *** includes the considerations of new component topologies as well as the architecture of material within a topology offering new paths to creating lighter and more efficient *** optimization is an ideal tool for navigating this multiscale design problem and leveraging the capabilities of advanced manufacturing ***,the resulting design problem is computationally challenging as very fine discretizations are needed to capture all micro-structural *** this paper,a method based on reduction techniques is proposed to perform efficiently topology optimization at multiple *** method solves the design problem without length scale separation,i.e.,without iterating between the two ***,connectivity between space-varying micro-structures is naturally *** design problems for various types of micro-structural periodicity are performed to illustrate the method,including applications to infill patterns in additive manufacturing.

关键词： multiscale topology optimization micro-structure additive manufacturing reduction techniques substructuring static condensation super-element

Efects of amine, amine salt and amide on the behaviour of carbon dioxide absorption into calcium hydroxide suspension to precipitate calcium carbonate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2507-2515页

作者： Wittaya Chuajiw Mitsuru Nakano Kazumasa Takatori Toshiya Kojima Yoshiki Wakimoto Yoshiaki Fukushima Toyota Technological Institute 2-12-1 HisakataTempaku-kuTenpaku Moon Chome Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc. Yokomichi Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd.2-1Asahi-machi

The amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） absorption and calcium ion （Ca^2＋） concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate （CaCO3） from calcium hydroxide （Ca（OH）2）. A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion （HCO3） on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2＋ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions.

关键词： carbon dioxide absorption calcium carbonate precipitation local functional group interaction

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Structure of polyelectrolyte brushes studied by coarse grain simulations

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Friction 2014年第1期2卷 73-81页

作者： Hitoshi WASHIZU Tomoyuki KINJO Hiroaki YOSHIdA Toyota Central r&d labs. Inc.41-1 YokomichiNagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries Kyoto UniversityKatsuraKyoto 615-8520Japan

As an example of a very low friction system,Monte Carlo Brownian dynamics simulations have been used to calculate equilibrium structures of a polyelectrolyte brush grafted onto *** polymers were calculated in a semi-flexible coarse-grain model that is appropriate to treat the charge density of the *** effect of linear charge density on the polyionx,the surface negative charge,and added salts were *** salt-free solution,scaling theories predicted the structure well in the *** the highxregion,additional shrinkage was found from the theories due to counterion *** effect of surface charge showed not only the repulsion of the polyion from the surface but also the shrinkage in the highxregion due to the additional counterions required for electrical *** addition of salts led to the shrinkage of the brush heights,and in the highxregion,additional extension was *** computational strategy for calculating the friction dynamics of the system is also discussed.

关键词： polyelectrolyte brush friction Monte Carlo Brownian dynamics simulation soft materials automotive tribology