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Evaluating organic acids as alternative leaching reagents for rare earth elements recovery from NdFeB magnets

Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第4期41卷 621-631页

作者： Sahar Belfqueh Alain Seron Simon Chapron Guilhem Arrachart Nourredine Menad brgm Direction de l'Eaude l'Environnementdes Procédés et AnalysesOrleansFrance ICSM Univ.MontpellierCEACNRSENSCMMarcouleFrance

This study proposes an advanced leaching method using organic acids to recover rare earth elements(REEs)from NdFeB permanent magnets from end-of-life computers hard disk drives(HDDs).The end-oflife HDDs were first dismantled in order to recover NdFeB magnets,which were then thermally demagnetized at 350℃during 30 min before crushing in a ball mill under inert *** electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDS)analyses performed on the NdFeB magnets show the heterogeneous structure containing the major matric phase Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B and the REEsrich phase containing Nd and Pr ***,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Mossbauer spectroscopy(MS)analyses on the ground NdFeB magnet show that grinding NdFeB magnets under inert atmosphere helps to minimize its *** analysis shows that the composition of the ground sample is Nd:22.8 wt%,Pr:3.3 wt%,Dy:1.2 wt%,Fe:62.6 wt%,Co:1.5 wt%,B:0.9 wt%,Ni:0.6 wt%.Diagrams of speciation and equilibrium phases(E_(h) ***)were calculated to determine the predominance of the formed species in the REEs-organic acids *** influence of the organic acid type(acetic acid,formic acid,citric acid and tartaric acid),the acid concentration(10 vol%,up to saturation),and the solid/liquid(S/L)ratio(0.5%-10%)on NdFeB magnets leaching was investigated employing an optimal experimental design conceived by the statistical software *** acid(CH_(3)COOH)shows the highest leaching performance of REEs,allowing leaching yields over 90%for Nd,Dy and Pr in the acid concentration range of 1.6-10 mol/L and the S/L ratio range of 0.5%-5%at a temperature of 60℃.The results presented in this investigation suggest that REEs can be recovered from magnets of end-of-life HDDs using an eco-friendly method assisted by organic acids.

关键词： NdFeB magnets Rare earth elements Leaching Organic acids Acetic acid

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湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床闪锌矿矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义

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矿物岩石地球化学通报 2024年第2期43卷 387-402页

作者：黄旭栋陆建军高剑峰章荣清 SIZARET Stanislas 马东升王汝成南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院南京210023 南京大学地球科学与工程学院内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室南京210023 中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans UMR 7327-CNRS/Universitéd’Orléans/BRGMOrléans 45071France

为探讨湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床的形成过程,本文对不同类型矿石中的闪锌矿开展了电子探针成分分析。结果表明,Fe主要通过直接置换Zn的方式进入闪锌矿,Cd可能通过与Fe耦合置换Zn的方式(Cd^(2+)+Fe^(2+)←→2Zn^(2+))进入闪锌矿,含铜矿石的... 详细信息

为探讨湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床的形成过程,本文对不同类型矿石中的闪锌矿开展了电子探针成分分析。结果表明,Fe主要通过直接置换Zn的方式进入闪锌矿,Cd可能通过与Fe耦合置换Zn的方式(Cd^(2+)+Fe^(2+)←→2Zn^(2+))进入闪锌矿,含铜矿石的闪锌矿中可能含有亚显微级黄铜矿包裹体。闪锌矿的Fe、Cd含量和Fe/Zn、Zn/Cd值的变化指示近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩和远端矽卡岩矿体依次形成,铜硫化物-石英脉、铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉和铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿体依次形成,碳酸盐交代型矿体形成较晚。结合矿床地质和闪锌矿矿物学特征,本文认为铜山岭铜铅锌矿床可能存在两期流体出溶,早期出溶温度较高的含Cu、Pb、Zn流体,引起近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩、远端矽卡岩、铜硫化物-石英脉和铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿化;晚期出溶温度较低的含Pb、Zn流体,导致铅锌硫化物-石英脉型和碳酸盐交代型矿化。

关键词：闪锌矿电子探针矿物化学矽卡岩铜铅锌矿床成矿过程铜山岭

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Biohydrometallurgy applied to exploitation of black shale resources： Overview of Bioshale FP6 European project

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1485-1490页

作者： P. D＇HUGUES P. SPOLAORE Bioshale Consortium brgm EPI/Eco 3 Avenue C. Guillemin 45060 Orleans Cedex 2 France

Bioshale 工程，由欧洲委员会(FP6 计划) 共同资助，在 2004 年 10 月开始了并且在 2007 年 10 月完成了。这个工程的主要目的是为黑页岩矿石的 eco 有效的利用定义创新 biotechnological 过程。黑页岩矿石包含贱、宝贵、高技术的金属... 详细信息

Bioshale 工程，由欧洲委员会(FP6 计划) 共同资助，在 2004 年 10 月开始了并且在 2007 年 10 月完成了。这个工程的主要目的是为黑页岩矿石的 eco 有效的利用定义创新 biotechnological 过程。黑页岩矿石包含贱、宝贵、高技术的金属而且有机物的高内容由常规技术的那缺陷金属恢复。三世界级黑人页岩沉积物被选择为 R&D 行动的目标。这些包括在自然条件下面存在的一沉积物(Talvivaara，芬兰) ，一个当前在过程(Lubin，波兰) 并且在采矿以后的(Mansfeld，德国) 。工作计划的主要技术方面能如下被总结：忍受金属的部件的地质的资源和选择的评估；为金属恢复要测试的生物协会的选择；对 bioprocessing 的评价发送，包括为金属恢复处理的 hydrometallurgical；包括社会、环境的影响的新过程的 techno 经济的评估。13 欧洲人获得的主要结果的概述合伙(从 8 个国家) 在这个完成的研究计划包含了在这个工作被给。

关键词：生物技术生物浸取矿石处理黑页岩

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Evolution and final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第11期66卷 2497-2513页

作者： Pan ZHAO Bei XU Yan CHEN State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China Universitéd’Orléans CNRSBRGMISTOUMR 7327Orléans F-45071France

Mongol-Okhotsk Orogenic Belt is the last main orogen that constructs modern tectonic framework of northeastern Asia. It has recorded the long-term evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean(MOO) from its Early Paleozoic initial opening,through the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic subduction, to its Mesozoic final closure, leading to the amalgamation of the Siberian Craton(SIB) and North China-Amuria Block(NCC-AMB). Opening of the MOO can be traced to the early stage of the Early Paleozoic. Northward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic slab beneath the southern margin of the SIB initiated in the Silurian, whereas the southward subduction beneath the northern margin of the NCC-AMB started in the Late Devonian. The bidirectional subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic slab resulted in pulse arc magmatism, with three main peaks in the earliest Carboniferous, Late Permian, and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. In the Late Triassic, the collision between the AMB and Western Mongolian Blocks led to the bending of the Western Mongolian Blocks, which caused the initial closure of the MOO in its western segment. Due to the clockwise rotation of the SIB and counterclockwise rotation of the NCC-AMB, the MOO showed a scissor-like closure from west to east. The final closure of the MOO occurred in the Middle-Late Jurassic, which also resulted in the formation of the Mongol Orocline. Since then, the amalgamation of blocks in northeastern Asia has finished, and the northeastern Asian continent went into the intraplate evolutional stage.

关键词： Northeastern Asia Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean Paleozoic-Mesozoic Subduction initiation Scissor-like closure

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BioMinE:An integrated project for developing biohydrometallurgy in Europe——Executive summary of its activities and outputs after three years

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1328-1335页

作者： Dominique H.R.MORIN brgm-EPI/Eco 3Avenue C.Guillemin-BP 600945060 Orléans Cedex 2France

Biohydrometallurgy 是生物工学和冶金学的意外联合的后代。从某极端 biotopes 的特定的性质，在微生物引起的新陈代谢和矿物质之间的相互作用的活跃原则被提取了被用作有效冶金过程。许多有利工业操作基于这些 bioprocesses 一直在跑... 详细信息

Biohydrometallurgy 是生物工学和冶金学的意外联合的后代。从某极端 biotopes 的特定的性质，在微生物引起的新陈代谢和矿物质之间的相互作用的活跃原则被提取了被用作有效冶金过程。许多有利工业操作基于这些 bioprocesses 一直在跑例如恢复铜，黄金，铀或钴，许多另外的应用程序被设计了。欧洲在这个区域在是相当活跃的过去，但是当前领导在南非，美洲和澳大利亚。BioMinE (在欧洲的忍受金属的材料的生物工学) 是与欧洲 Commision 的支持发射的一个大综合工程。它针对刺激在在这个技术领域里开发新概念的最相关的大学，研究和工业组织之间的协同作用以后允许矿物质资源的更好的利用。当他们识别了需要从今天并且明天的资源为金属抽取发现新过程，欧洲非铁的金属采矿工业开始了并且发展 BioMinE 工程。

关键词：生物显微冶金术生物技术欧洲活性

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Unravelling the nature of Waiparaconus, a pennatulacean (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Late Mesozoic-Early Cainozoic of the Southern Hemisphere

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 111-120页

作者： John S.BUCKERIDGE Hamish J.CAMPBELL Pierre MAURIZOT Earth and Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia GNS Science Lower HuttNew Zealand brgm The French Geological SurveyNew Caledonia

Enigmatic calcareous conical fossils have been known from marine Paleocene-Eocene sequences of New Zea-land since the early *** recently,similar fossils have been recorded from both Late Cretaceous ma-rine sequences of Western Australia,New Caledonia and Antarctica,and possibly from the Eocene of South *** present paper extends the record to the late Cretaceous of New *** remains are un-like any living taxa,and have been variously interpreted as molluscs(rudistid bivalves),cirripedes(stalked bar-nacles),annelids and inorganic *** to the Cirripedia has been refuted by Buckeridge(1983,1993),who proposed that the material would be better placed within the *** investigate this hypothe-sis in light of the New Caledonian material and by comparison with living gorgonians and pennatulaceans,and demonstrate that Waiparaconus is best placed within the *** zelandicus varies in form somewhat,with 3 morphotypes defined and reinforced by *** is provided on the imperative to fit organic remains into known groups,with reflection on what may happen if taxa are left in insertae sedis.

关键词： Cretaceous Early Paleogene pennatulacean Southern Hemisphere Waiparaconus

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Evidence for the Lower Continental Crustal Origin of the Xihuashan Granite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1986年第3期 47-64+112-114页

作者： L.Le Bel G.Giuliani GIS brgm-CNRS of France

The Xihuashan granite is typically representative of the tungsten-bearing granites widespread in theNanling area of South China. It was considered in the past to have been formed by partial melting of the upper continental crust, with its source rocks most probably of the Sinian or Cambrian. However, detailed REE analyses, studies of the Rb-Sr isotopic system and melting experiments of metasedimentary rocks all argue against this idea. Moreover, stable isotopic data also indicate a deep source origin for S, C, H and O. The authors thus propose a genetic concept of the lower continental crustal source of the Xihuashan granite, and point out further that tungsten deposits related to this kind of granite are linked in some way to deep-seated structure and concentrated along NNE-NE- and ENE-striking major deep fault belts above the transitional zone between mantle uplift and mantle depression.

关键词： Evidence for the Lower Continental Crustal Origin of the Xihuashan Granite

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Saturation-excess overland flow in the European loess belt:An underestimated process?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 688-699页

作者： Valentin Landemaine Olivier Cerdan Thomas Grangeon Rosalie Vandromme Benoit Laignel Olivier Evrard Sébastien Salvador-Blanes J.Patrick Laceby brgm F-45060OrléansFrance University of Rouen M2CRouenFrance Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement(LSCE/IPSL) UnitéMixte de Recherche 8212(CEA/CNRS/UVSQ)UniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance University of Tours UR 6293-GéoHydrosystèmes Continentaux(GEHCO)France Alberta Environment and Protected Areas CalgaryCanada

A major challenge in runoff and soil erosion modelling is the adequate representation of the most relevant processes in models while avoiding over *** the European loess belt,pro-gressive soil crusting during rainfall events,resulting in infiltration-excess runoff,is usually considered the dominant process generating runoff on catchments covered with silty ***-excess may also occur and affect their runoff and erosion ***,saturation-excess runoff occurrence and quantification have rarely been performed and is usually not taken into account when modelling runoff and erosion in these ***,a continuous simulation of the Austreberthe catchment(214 km^(2)),located in the European loess belt(Normandy,France),was conducted with the new Water and Sediment(WaterSed)model over 12 years,corresponding to more than 780 individual rainfall events,at a 25 m spatial *** inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of intense events per year and their distribution through the *** model was properly calibrated over a representative set of 35 rainfall events,considering either infiltration-excess and/or saturation-excess *** was also able to reproduce the measured runoff volume for most of the monitoring ***,the three years with most rainfall were adequately modelled only including saturation-excess *** analysis performed at the seasonal scale revealed that saturation was modelled in the catchment during almost all of the modelling period,suggesting the importance of this often overlooked process in current modelling attempts.

关键词： European loess belt Soil erosion Saturation-excess runoff WaterSed model

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Geological applications using geospatial standards-an example from OneGeology-Europe and GeoSciML

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第S1期3卷 31-49页

作者： John Laxton Jean-Jacques Serrano Agnes Tellez-Arenas British Geological Survey Murchison HouseWest Main Rd.Edinburgh EH93LAUK brgm 3 Avenue Claude-GuilleminBP 36009Orleans 45060France

The Geoscience Markup Language(GeoSciML)has been developed to enable the interchange of geoscience information,principally that portrayed on geological maps as well as boreholes.A GeoSciML testbed was developed both to test the implementation of the data model and its application in web *** OneGeology-Europe project aims to use the GeoSciML data model,and build on the experience of the GeoSciML testbed,in implementing a geoportal for a harmonised geological map of Europe at 1:1 million *** involves the integration of web services from 20 participating *** important objective of OneGeology-Europe is to contribute to Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community(INSPIRE),both through the development of a geological data specification and the use of the INSPIRE technical *** and the OneGeology-Europe project are also steps towards incorporating geoscience data into a Digital *** the development of GeoSciML and the implementation of web services for GeoSciML and OneGeology-Europe,have followed a standards-based *** technical architecture comprises a geoportal providing access to a Catalogue Service for the Web for metadata describing both the data and services ***-Europe will provide bothWeb Map Services view andWeb Feature Services download services,which aim to be compliant with the INSPIRE implementing rules.

关键词： data exchange model web services spatial data standards INSPIRE digital earth geoinformatics geology

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Multi-regional observations and validation of the M_(3)ocean tide

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中国科学:地球科学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2265-2277页

作者： Adam Thomas DEVLIN Jiayi PAN Déborah IDIER School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330022China Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawai’i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA Department of Oceanography University of Hawai’i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077China Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education Nanchang330022China brgm Orléans45060France

Improved determinations of the oft-ignored third-degree ocean tides can yield better accuracy for tidal predictions,numerical model solutions,and *** only a small part of tidal range,these components can be larger at certain coastal locations due to shelf resonances and other ***,we discuss observations of the M3lunar terdiurnal tide using 9-year windowed tidal harmonic analyses at 157 tide gauges compares to a global assimilation model(TPXO9v5a),with a focus on the Western Pacific and the European ***9v5a does well in estimating the observed M_(3)amplitudes and phase lags in most regions,though determinations in coastal zones and in morphologically complex areas are coarse and often *** also employ a shallow-water model(MARS)on the European Shelf,which can yield localized improvement over *** five subregions of the European Shelf,regional root-mean-squared-errors(RMSEs)are lower(and thus a better fit)at three locations for TPXO for amplitudes,and three for phase lags,with MARS simulations being a better fit in the other *** also show that some locations have experienced significant long-term increases and/or decreases in the M_(3)amplitude over time,likely related to resonance changes under sea level rise(SLR)which can modulate the oceanic response to astronomical *** hypothesis is explored for Europe using the MARS model by applying various sea level rise scenarios,showing that the directionality(positive or negative)of the long-term changes in M_(3)amplitudes over time match the model results for more than half of our validation stations.

关键词： Third-degree tides M_(3)tide Altimetry Numerical simulation Sea level rise

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