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Locally Enhanced Flow and Electric Fields Through a Tip Effect for Efficient Flow‑Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 1-17页

作者： Ziquan Wang Xiangfeng Chen Yuan Zhang Jie Ma Zhiqun Lin Amor Abdelkader Maria‑Magdalena Titirici Libo Deng college of Chemistry and Environmental engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji University1239 Siping RoadShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore Department of engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPooleEngland BH125BBUK Institut de Chimie de Nice UniversitéCôte d’AzurUMR CNRS 727228 Av.Valrose06108 NiceFrance Department of Chemical engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusExhibition RdLondon SW72AZUK

Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of ***,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current ***,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport *** effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal *** the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current ***,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current ***,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.

关键词： Flow-electrode Capacitive deionization Current collector Tip effect Desalination

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Force and impulse multi-sensor based on flexible gate dielectric field effect transistor

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 214-220页

作者： Chao Tan Junling Lü Chunchi Zhang Dong Liang Lei Yang Zegao Wang college of Materials Science and engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050081China

Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other ***-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive with nano-level size,lower power consumption,and accurate ***,few of them has the capability of impulse detection which is a path function,expressing the cumulative effect of the force on the particle over a period of *** we fabricated the flexible polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)gate dielectric MoS_(2)-FET for force and impulse sensor *** systematically investigated the responses of the sensor to constant force and varying forces,and achieved the conversion factors of the drain current signals(I_(ds))to the detected impulse(I).The applied force was detected and recorded by I_(ds)with a low power consumption of~30 *** sensitivity of the device can reach~8000%and the 4×1 sensor array is able to detect and locate the normal force applied on ***,there was almost no performance loss for the device as left in the air for two months.

关键词： flexible gate dielectric transistor force sensor impulse sensor force sensor array

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Viscosity and structure relationship with equimolar substitution of CaO with MgO in the CaO–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)slag melts

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 70-79页

作者： Yong Hou Shuo Zhang Jie Dang Jia Guo Hanghang Zhou Xuewei Lü college of Materials Science and engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Currently,the Al_(2)O_(3)content in the high-alumina slag systems within blast furnaces is generally limited to 16wt%–18.5wt%,making it challenging to overcome this *** most studies that concentrated on managing the MgO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio or basicity,this paper explored the effect of equimolar substitution of MgO for CaO on the viscosity and structure of a high-alumina CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slag system,providing theoretical guidance and data to facilitate the application of high-alumina *** results revealed that the viscosity first decreased and then increased with higher MgO substitution,reaching a minimum at 15mol%MgO *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)results found that the depths of the troughs representing[SiO_(4)]tetrahedra,[AlO_(4)]tetrahedra,and Si-O-Al bending became progressively deeper with increased MgO *** of the Raman spectra showed that the average number of bridging oxygens per Si atom and the X_(Q^(3))/X_(Q^(2))(X_(Q^(i))is the molar fraction of Q^(i) unit,and i is the number of bridging oxygens in a[SiO_(4)]tetrahedral unit)ratio increased from 2.30 and 1.02 to 2.52 and 2.14,respectively,indicating a progressive polymerization of the silicate structure.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results highlighted that non-bridging oxygen content decreased from 77.97mol% to 63.41mol% with increasing MgO concentration,whereas bridging oxygen and free oxygen contents *** analysis demonstrated a gradual increase in the polymerization degree of the tetrahedral structure with the increase in MgO ***,bond strength is another important factor affecting the slag *** occurrence of a viscosity minimum can be attributed to the complex evolution of bond strengths of non-bridging oxygens generated during depolymerization of the[SiO_(4)]and[AlO_(4)]tetrahedral structures by CaO and MgO.

关键词： aluminosilicate viscosity structure spectroscopy

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Establishing a new testing protocol of the electrochemical stability window for electric double-layer capacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第01期 217-225页

作者： Ruilin Hou Xiaoxi Zhao Tingting Liang Qingyun Dou Shan Xu Xingbin Yan School of Materials Science and engineering Sun Yat-sen University Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Center of Industrial Analysis and Testing Guangdong Academy of Science

The electrochemical stability window(ESW) is crucial for determining the energy density of electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs). However, current ESW testing protocols of EDLCs are strongly affected by artificial factors, thereby leading to unreliable result. To solve this problem, we first identify the key shortcomings of the traditional protocols by analyzing their test principles. Subsequently, taking an aqueous carbon-based EDLC as an example, we design a side reaction descriptor to represent the response difference in the charging capacitance to side reactions between the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic chargedischarge methods. With the aid of this descriptor, we propose a new ESW testing protocol, which is not only able to completely avoid the adverse influence of subjective factors but also fully consider the operating condition limitations. The protocol can be extended from the single electrode to the full device. This work proposes a more rigorous definition of ESW and provides a reliable protocol for evaluating the ESW of EDLCs.

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Cyano migration-mediated radical-polar crossover cyclopropanation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第01期 241-248页

作者： Ziqiang Wang Yasu Chen Jie Li Chen Zhu Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University

We report a novel cyano migration-mediated radical-polar crossover process, whereby both the sulfonylcyanation of aliphatic alkenes and the formation of cyclopropanes are concurrently achieved. This transformation yields a diverse array of multisubstituted cyclopropanes under mild photocatalytic conditions. Mechanistic studies elucidate that the reaction proceeds via intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, leading to the formation of the cyclopropane derivatives.

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MARIE:One-Stage Object Detection Mechanism for Real-Time Identifying of Firearms

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 279-298页

作者： Diana Abi-Nader Hassan Harb Ali Jaber Ali Mansour Christophe Osswald Nour Mostafa Chamseddine Zaki Computer Science Department Faculty of SciencesLebanese UniversityBeirut146404Lebanon college of engineering and Technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila54200Kuwait Lab-STICC CNRS UMR 6285ENSTA-BretagneBrest29200France

Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals *** today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable to ***,there is a pressing need for swift identification of potential threats to preemptively alert law enforcement and security forces,thereby preventing potential attacks or violent *** advancements in big data analytics and deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of computer vision in object detection,particularly in identifying *** paper introduces a novel automatic firearm detection surveillance system,utilizing a one-stage detection approach named MARIE(Mechanism for Realtime Identification of Firearms).MARIE incorporates the Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD)model,which has been specifically optimized to balance the speed-accuracy trade-off critical in firearm detection *** SSD model was further refined by integrating MobileNetV2 and InceptionV2 architectures for superior feature extraction *** experimental results demonstrate that this modified SSD configuration provides highly satisfactory performance,surpassing existing methods trained on the same dataset in terms of the critical speedaccuracy *** these innovations,MARIE sets a new standard in surveillance technology,offering a robust solution to enhance public safety effectively.

关键词： Firearm and gun detection single shot multi-box detector deep learning one-stage detector MobileNet inception convolutional neural network

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An Online Exploratory Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach to Adaptive Kalman Filtering

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 228-254页

作者： Jiajun Cheng Haonan Chen Zhirui Xue Yulong Huang Yonggang Zhang the college of Intelligent Systems Science and engineering Harbin Engineering University the engineering Research Center of Navigation Instruments Ministry of Education the college of Intelligent Systems Science and engineering the college of Future Technology Harbin Engineering University IEEE

Over the past few decades, numerous adaptive Kalman filters(AKFs) have been proposed. However, achieving online estimation with both high estimation accuracy and fast convergence speed is challenging, especially when both the process noise and measurement noise covariance matrices are relatively inaccurate. Maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) possesses the potential to achieve this goal, since its theoretical accuracy is guaranteed by asymptotic optimality and the convergence speed is fast due to weak dependence on accurate state ***, the maximum likelihood cost function is so intricate that the existing MLE methods can only simply ignore all historical measurement information to achieve online estimation,which cannot adequately realize the potential of MLE. In order to design online MLE-based AKFs with high estimation accuracy and fast convergence speed, an online exploratory MLE approach is proposed, based on which a mini-batch coordinate descent noise covariance matrix estimation framework is developed. In this framework, the maximum likelihood cost function is simplified for online estimation with fewer and simpler terms which are selected in a mini-batch and calculated with a backtracking method. This maximum likelihood cost function is sidestepped and solved by exploring possible estimated noise covariance matrices adaptively while the historical measurement information is adequately utilized. Furthermore, four specific algorithms are derived under this framework to meet different practical requirements in terms of convergence speed, estimation accuracy,and calculation load. Abundant simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed algorithms as compared with existing state-of-the-art AKFs.

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Construction of 3D porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks for ultrafast and long-cycle life sodium-ion storage

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 191-200页

作者： Chen Chen Hongyu Xue Qilin Hu Mengfan Wang Pan Shang Ziyan Liu Tao Peng Deyang Zhang Yongsong Luo Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of New Energy Storage TechnologyCollege of Physics and Electronic EngineeringXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang 464000China School of Physics and Electronic engineering Nanyang Normal UniversityNanyang 473061China

Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific ***,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation during sodiation-desodiation processes seriously affect its high-rate and long-cyde performance,unbeneficial for the application as fast-charging and long-cycling SIBs ***,the three-dimensional porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks(Cu_(1.81)S/NC)are synthesized by the simple and facile sol-gel and annealing processes,which can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Cu_(1.81)S nanoparticles and accelerate the transmission of ions and electrons during Na^(+)insertion/extraction processes,exhibiting the excellent rate capability(250.6 mA·g^(-1)at 20.0 A·g^(-1))and outstanding cycling stability(70% capacity retention for 6000 cycles at 10.0 A·g^(-1))for ***,the Na-ion full cells coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C cathode also demonstrate the satisfactory reversible specific capacity of 330.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 5.0 A·g^(-1)and long-cycle performance with the 86.9% capacity retention at 2.0 A·g^(-1)after 750 *** work proposes a promising way for the conversionbased metal sulfides for the applications as fast-charging sodium-ion battery anode.

关键词： copper sulfide nanoparticles porous carbon framework fast charging long-cycle performance sodium-ion full batteries

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Comparative Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Heat Exchangers Featured with Peened Surface

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 50-61页

作者： DINESHBABU Chinnadurai SHIVA SANKARAN Nallasamy VENKATESH RAJA Krishnan VENKATESH Rathinavelu Department of Mechanical engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical engineering Selvam College of Technology Department of Mechanical engineering Sona College of Technology Department of Mechanical engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)Saveetha University

Heat exchangers have the potential for various engineering applications,and their performance is enriched by surface *** proposed system enriches the heat exchanger's performance by adapting a peened stainless steel（SS） surface blasted with copper,grinding,sand,and *** influences peened SS surface modified with a copper blast,grinding,sandblast,and iron blast on the surface morphology of shell and tube heat exchanger surface（STHE） is analyzed via tungsten heated cathode electron gun featured scanning electron microscope and observed coarse grain *** SS surface featured STHE performance is experimentally evaluated by different flow rates（30,60,90,and 120 L/min） underwater fluid medium functioned by the temperature ranges of 25-75℃ and its results are compared with computational fluid dynamic（CFD）/heat transfer research（HTRI） analyzed *** 60 L/min flow rate was spotted as an optimum value for both shell and tube side *** STHE is operated with a 60 L/min flow rate under the different peened surfaces and evaluated its Stanton number,Nusselt number,logarithmic mean temperature difference（LMTD）,overall heat transfer coefficient,number of transfer units（NTU）,effectiveness,and exergy *** iron blasted SS peened surface was observed to have better SHTE performance like Stanton number（0.0012）,Nusselt number（2180）,reduced LMTD of 31℃,improved overall heat transfer co-efficient of 2400 W/（m2·K）,better NTU of 0.5532,good effectiveness value of 0.451 62,and hiked exergy efficiency of 10% respectively.

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3D Casson nanofluid flow over slendering surface in a suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第5期39卷 623-638页

作者： V.NAGENDRAMMA C.S.K.RAJU B.MALLIKARJUNA S.A.SHEHZAD A.LEELARATHNAM Department of Mathematics SPMVV University Department of Mathematics GITAM University Department of Mathematics BMS College of Engineering Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

A mathematical model is proposed to execute the features of the non-uniform heat source or sink in the chemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） Casson fluid across a slendering sheet in the presence of microorganisms and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. Multiple slips （diffusion, thermal, and momentum slips） are applied in the modeling of the heat and mass transport processes. The Runge-Kutta based shooting method is used to find the solutions. Numerical simulation is carried out for various values of the physical constraints when the Casson index parameter is positive, negative, or infinite with the aid of plots. The coefficients of the skin factors, the local Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are estimated for different parameters, and discussed for engineering interest. It is found that the gyrotactic microorganisms are greatly encouraged when the dimensionless parameters increase, especially when the Casson fluid parameter is negative. It is worth mentioning that th~ velocity profiles when the Casson fluid parameter is positive are higher than those when the Casson fluid parameter is negative or infinite, whereas the temperature and concentration fields show exactly opposite phenomena.

关键词： microorganisms multiple slip Casson fluid Cattaneo-Christov heat flux,slendering sheet

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