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Tuning the pinning direction of giant magnetoresistive sensor by post annealing process

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 196-202页

作者： Zhiqiang CAO Yiming WEI Wenjing CHEN Shaohua YAN Lin LIN Zhi LI Lezhi WANG Huaiwen YANG Qunwen LENG Weisheng ZHAO Beihang-Geortek Joint Microelectronics institute Qingdao Research InstituteBeihang University Fert Beijing institute BDBCSchool of MicroelectronicsBeihang University Goertek inc.

The Internet of Things has created an inc.easing demand for giant magnetoresistive(GMR)sensor owing to its high sensitivity, low power-consumption and small size. A full Wheatstone bridge GMR sensor is fabricated on 6-inc. wafers with an annealing process on patterned devices. It can be observed that GMR resistors could have different pinning directions in one wafer by magnetic resistance measurements and MATLAB simulations. The full Wheatstone bridge device shows a sensitivity of 2 mV/V/mT in a linear range of ±6 mT, and its angular response to the surrounding magnetic field is as low as 0.08 mT. These results demonstrate a new approach to high-sensitive and low-cost GMR sensors with a controllable post annealing process.

关键词： GMR sensor full Wheatstone bridge annealing simulation

Female spontaneously diabetic Torii fatty rats develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like hepatic lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第30期21卷 9067-9078页

作者： Yukihito Ishii Yu Motohashi Makoto Muramatsu Yoshiaki Katsuda Katsuhiro Miyajima Tomohiko Sasase Takahisa Yamada Tohru Matsui Shinichi Kume Takeshi Ohta Japan Tobacco inc. Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco inc. Central Pharmaceutical Research InstituteToxicology Research Laboratories Niigata University Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture

AIM:To investigate the histological features of the liver in spontaneously diabetic Torii(SDT) fatty rats compared with age-matched Sprague-Dawley(SD) ***:Female SDT Leprfa(SDT fatty) rats and age-matched SD rats were fed ad libitum. Body weight and biochemical parameters,such as serum glucose,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels as well as fatty acid and TG accumulation in the liver were evaluated at 8 wk of age in the nonfasting state and at 8-wk intervals from 8 to 40 wk of age. Histopathological examinations of the liver were performed using hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius Red staining as well as double staining for ED-1 and toluidine blue. The expression of genes involved in TG synthesis,inflammation,and fibrosis was examined in the ***:SDT fatty rats showed significantly inc.eased body weight compared with SD rats. Serum glucose,TG,and TC levels were significantly higher in SDT fatty rats compared with SD rats. The serum AST and ALT levels in SDT fatty rats were significantly elevated at 8 wk of age compared with the levels in SD rats. Hepatic TG content was marked in SDT fatty rats from 8 to 32 wk of age. Histopathologically,severe hepatosteatosis accompanied by inflammation was observed at 8 wk of age,and fibrosis started to occur at 32 wk of age. Furthermore,Sirius Red and ED-1 staining were inc.eased in the liver at 32 wk of age. Hepatic gene expression related to TG synthesis,inflammation and fibrosis tended to inc.ease in SDT fatty rats compared with SD rats,and the gene expression related to TG secretion was decreased in SDT fatty rats compared with SD rats. CONCLUSION:Female SDT fatty rats have the potential to become an important animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Spontaneouslydiabetic Torii fatty rat Fibrosis Fatty liver Metabolicsyndrome

Authentication mechanism for fast handoff in cdma2000-WiBro interworking

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 137-146页

作者： HONG Do Won KIM Je Yoon SHIN Sang Uk Electronics and Telecommunications research institute Penta Security Systems inc. Pukyong National University

In this paper, we propose the authentication mechanism for a handoff in cdma2000-WiBro interworking environment. In the interworking environment, the handoff procedure requires the authentication on MS for the access control and the accounting. In the handoff procedure, it is required to perform the EAP-AKA authentication process with cdma2000-HN (home network) because TN (target network) does not have the information for the authentication about MS. This process has relatively long delay. Therefore, the fast handoff authentication mechanism for reducing the long delay in the handoff procedure is needed. Thus this paper proposes the handoff authentication method of using the reactive context transfer and ticket forwarding method, to provide the fast handoff in cdma2000-WiBro interworking environment. The proposed scheme satisfies security requirements on handoff and has the advantage of low signaling overhead in handoff authentication.

关键词： authentication cdma2000 WiBro interworking handoff

Evaluation of Simulated CO_2 Concentrations from the CarbonTracker-Asia Model Using In-situ Observations over East Asia for 2009–2013

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第6期36卷 603-613页

作者： Samuel Takele KENEA Young-Suk OH Jae-Sang RHEE Tae-Young GOO Young-Hwa BYUN Shanlan LI Lev D.LABZOVSKII Haeyoung LEE Robert F.BANKS Climate research Division National Institute of Meteorological Sciences Environmental Meteorology research Division National Institute of Meteorological Sciences Meteorology Department Delta Air LinesInc.

The CarbonTracker(CT) model has been used in previous studies for understanding and predicting the sources, sinks, and dynamics that govern the distribution of atmospheric CO_2 at varying ranges of spatial and temporal scales. However, there are still challenges for reproducing accurate model-simulated CO_2 concentrations close to the surface, typically associated with high spatial heterogeneity and land cover. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of nested-grid CT model simulations of CO_2 based on the CT2016 version through comparison with in-situ observations over East Asia covering the period 2009–13. We selected sites located in coastal, remote, inland, and mountain areas. The results are presented at diurnal and seasonal time periods. At target stations, model agreement with in-situ observations was varied in capturing the diurnal cycle. Overall, biases were less than 6.3 ppm on an all-hourly mean basis, and this was further reduced to a maximum of 4.6 ppm when considering only the daytime. For instance, at Anmyeondo, a small bias was obtained in winter, on the order of 0.2 ppm. The model revealed a diurnal amplitude of CO_2 that was nearly flat in winter at Gosan and Anmyeondo stations, while slightly overestimated in the summertime. The model's performance in reproducing the diurnal cycle remains a challenge and requires improvement. The model showed better agreement with the observations in capturing the seasonal variations of CO_2 during daytime at most sites, with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.70 to 0.99. Also, model biases were within-0.3 and 1.3 ppm, except for inland stations(7.7 ppm).

关键词： model evaluation in-situ observations CarbonTracker East Asia

Fusion of Multi-Pinc.ed Plasma Beams Converging with Spatial Symmetry

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第7期17卷 552-559页

作者：苗峰曾宪俊邓柏权 Southwest University for Nationalities HOPE Innovations inc. Southwestern institute of Physics

Fusion reactions can be achieved by using deuterium from sea water as the *** amount of deuterium in one gallon of sea water contains energy equivalent to three hundred gallons of *** conditions of plasma temperature and density necessary to initiate fusion have been achieved in various research ***,the confinement time is not sufficient for ignition due to plasma *** we show that fatal plasma instabilities could be suppressed by the ingenious arrangement of multi-pinc.ed plasma beams converging symmetrically in space based on the minimization princ.ple of plasma potential *** tests are proposed using tiny wires containing *** successful,the results could lead to a feasible approach to obtaining commercial fusion power from sea water,hence without the need to use expensive and radioactive tritium as the fuel.

关键词： pinc. plasma multi-beam convergence spatial symmetry minimum energyprinc.ple

Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第12期18卷 1308-1318页

作者： Ji Yeun Kim Myeong Soo Park Geun Eog Ji Department of Food and Nutrition Research Institute of Human EcologyCollege of Human EcologySeoul National University research institute Bifido Inc.HongcheonGangwondo 250-804South Korea

AIM： To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells （DC） in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS： Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epithelial cell monolayers in normal or in- verted systems and were stimulated with heat-killed probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium lactis ADO 11 （BL）, Bifidobacterium bilfidum BGN4 （BB）, Lactobacillus casei IBS041 （LC）, and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 （LA）, for 12 h. Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent as say and phenotypic analysis of DC was investigated by flow cytometry.RESULTS： BB and LC in singlecultured DC inc.eased the expression of I-Ad, CD86 and CD40 （I-Ad, 18.51 vs 30.88, 46.11, CD86, 62.74 vs 92.7, 104.12; CD40, 0.67 vs 6.39, 3.37, P 〈 0.05）. All of the experimental probiot-ics inc.eased the production of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin （IL）-6 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α. However, in the normal coculture systems, LC and LA decreased the expression of I-A^α （39.46 vs 30.32, 33.26, P 〈 0.05）, and none of the experimental probiotics inc.eased the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α. In the inverted coculture systems, LC decreased the expression of CD40 （1.36 vs -2.27, P 〈 0.05）, and all of the experimental probiotics decreased the levels of IL-6. In addition, BL inc.eased the production of IL-10 （103.8 vs 166.0, P 〈 0.05） and LC and LA inc.eased transforming growth factor-13 secretion （235.9 vs 618.9, 607.6, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that specific pro- biotic strains exert differential immune modulation mediated by the interaction of dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Dendritic cells Intestinal epithelial cells Pro-biotics Co-culture Immune modulation

Targeting stem cell signaling pathways for drug discovery:advances in the Notch and Wnt pathways

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第6期57卷 575-580页

作者： AN Songzhu Michael DING Qiang ZHANG Jie XIE JingYi LI LingSong Curegenix inc. Center for Stem Cell and NanoMedicine Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

Signaling pathways transduce extracellular stimuli into cells through molecular cascades to regulate cellular *** stem cells,a small number of pathways,notably those of TGF-?/BMP,Hedgehog,Notch,and Wnt,are responsible for the regulation of pluripotency and *** embryonic development,these pathways govern cell fate specifications as well as the formation of tissues and *** adulthood,their normal functions are important for tissue homeostasis and regeneration,whereas aberrations result in diseases,such as cancer and degenerative *** complex biological systems,stem cell signaling pathways work in concert as a network and exhibit crosstalk,such as the negative crosstalk between Wnt and *** the past decade,genetic and genomic studies have identified a number of potential drug targets that are involved in stem cell signaling ***,discovery of new targets and drugs for these pathways has become one of the most active areas in both the research community and pharmaceutical *** progress has been made and several promising drug candidates have entered into clinical *** review focuses on recent advances in the discovery of novel drugs which target the Notch and Wnt pathways.

关键词： stem cell drug discovery signaling pathways Notch Wnt cancer

Droid Detector:Android Malware Characterization and Detection Using Deep Learning

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2016年第1期21卷 114-123页

作者： Zhenlong Yuan Yongqiang Lu Yibo Xue Department of Automation and research institute of Information Technology (RIIT) Tsinghua University Department of Antivirus Baidu Inc. research institute of Information Technology (RIIT) and Tsinghua National Lab for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Tsinghua University

Smartphones and mobile tablets are rapidly becoming indispensable in daily life. Android has been the most popular mobile operating system sinc. 2012. However, owing to the open nature of Android, countless malwares are hidden in a large number of benign apps in Android markets that seriously threaten Android security. Deep learning is a new area of machine learning research that has gained inc.easing attention in artificial intelligence. In this study, we propose to associate the features from the static analysis with features from dynamic analysis of Android apps and characterize malware using deep learning techniques. We implement an online deep-learning-based Android malware detection engine（Droid Detector） that can automatically detect whether an app is a malware or not. With thousands of Android apps, we thoroughly test Droid Detector and perform an indepth analysis on the features that deep learning essentially exploits to characterize malware. The results show that deep learning is suitable for characterizing Android malware and especially effective with the availability of more training data. Droid Detector can achieve 96.76% detection accuracy, which outperforms traditional machine learning techniques. An evaluation of ten popular anti-virus softwares demonstrates the urgency of advancing our capabilities in Android malware detection.

关键词： Android security malware detection characterization deep learning association rules mining

Reverse mode switching of the random laser emission in dye doped liquid crystals under homogeneous and inhomogeneous electric fields

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Photonics research 2016年第1期4卷 7-12页

作者： M.Shasti P.Coutino S.Mukherjee A.Varanytsia T.Smith A.P.Luchette L.Sukhomlinova T.Kosa A.Munoz B.Taheri Alpha Micron inc. Liquid Crystal institute Kent State University

We report the observation of electric field induced random lasing in a dye doped liquid crystal system. This was achieved by using a liquid crystal host with negative dielectric anisotropy doped with laser dye PM 597 in a 75 μm cell with a homeotropic alignment layer. In the absence of an applied field, only amplified spontaneous emission was observed sinc. the liquid crystal orientation was uniform. However, application of a field resulted in a fieldinduced planar-like configuration with local nonuniformity in liquid crystal orientation. This led to random lasing in the energized state(voltage greater than a transition threshold). The onset of lasing occurs by application of either a spatially homogenous or a spatially inhomogeneous electric field across the liquid crystal. The characteristics of the emission spectra as a function of different(i) dye concentration and(ii) applied voltage were investigated using nanosecond pulsed laser excitation at 532 nm. The effects of using an inhomogeneous field were compared to the use of a homogenous field and reported. It is shown that the spatial configuration can be used to alter the emission spectra of the system. The work is used to suggest a new configuration, referred to here as"reverse mode," for liquid crystal-based random lasers. This new configuration may provide additional avenues for their use in commercial devices.

关键词： mode Reverse mode switching of the random laser emission in dye doped liquid crystals under homogeneous and inhomogeneous electric fields